Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations

Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations
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Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations

Modern History of Sudan and its Transformations

Sudanese novelist Imad Bulayk has released a new novel (Angels in Fars) in collaboration with Willows House Publishing in the Juba city, southern Sudan. His last two works, “Rama” by Cairo-based Dar Said Publishing, and “The Miracle of Buddha” by Kuwait-based Platinum Book Publishing, were published two years ago.

The novel revolves around the story of people displaced from the Wadi Halfa city, northern Sudan, after the construction of the high dam in the early 1960s, and the October Revolution (1964) against the military rule in the country, which caused a forced displacement that many historians overlooked.

In his book, the author talks about a Polish excavation expedition that comes to rescue what survived of the ancient church in the 600-year-old city of Fars before it drowns due to the dam’s flood. The main character is Carlos Giovani, member of the excavation expedition, coming from Athens with a mysterious history and life. He moves from Alexandria to Khartoum and lives in Sudan, where he discovers another world and contributes to the cultural and scientific life until he dies.

In his “surreal journey”, we read about his life as an academic, a cleric, a philosopher, and a human being searching for the truth and the aim of his existence.

Giovani conducts research about the church and Christianity in Sudan, the drowned kingdom in the northern of the country, and the history of the ancient Christian kingdoms that extended to the southern Egyptian borders. Then he fell sick, and although doctors say his case is hopeless, he eventually heels with the power of the places “we love”.

The novel uses Sudan’s modern history, from independence until our present time, as a background for the political and social developments, to reflect the image of the country known for its ethnic, cultural, and artistic diversity, as well as its wars and conflicts. Bulayk dives into the ancient history of Sudan, before Islam and the Arab settlement in the country, starting with the Idolatry and the Nubian kingdom, and explores a history of traditions and rituals that has survived until our days.

Imad Bulayk is a Sudanese novelist and journalist. He studied architecture at the Khartoum University, and wrote literary criticism articles in local newspapers. He worked in journalism in Sudan, Qatar, Oman, and wrote in many Arabic newspapers and websites. He has 26 publications including novels, stories, and books on literary criticism, thought, and political studies. He is currently the editor-in-chief of the London-based Independent Arabia.

He released his two first novels in 2004, “Contaminated Rivers” and “The World of Oday”. Among his other works are “Blood in Khartoum” (2008) and “Shawarma” (2014).



Ministry of Culture Participates in LEAP 2026

Ministry of Culture Participates in LEAP 2026
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Ministry of Culture Participates in LEAP 2026

Ministry of Culture Participates in LEAP 2026

The Ministry of Culture is participating in LEAP 2026 in Malham, north of Riyadh, with an interactive pavilion showcasing the convergence of cultural heritage and technological innovation.

The ministry is presenting 14 technologies and interactive experiences that integrate artificial intelligence, cultural content, digital interaction, and interactive media, offering visitors immersive and engaging ways to explore Saudi culture through cutting-edge technology, SPA reported.

The participation is part of the ministry's efforts to advance the digital transformation of the cultural sector and strengthen the Kingdom's position as a global hub for cultural creativity.

It also reflects its commitment to harnessing emerging technologies to highlight and promote Saudi culture.


Boat Builders Keep Pakistan’s Fishing Heritage Afloat

This photograph taken on July 8, 2026 shows traditional wooden boats at a yard in Ibrahim Hyderi in Karachi. (AFP)
This photograph taken on July 8, 2026 shows traditional wooden boats at a yard in Ibrahim Hyderi in Karachi. (AFP)
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Boat Builders Keep Pakistan’s Fishing Heritage Afloat

This photograph taken on July 8, 2026 shows traditional wooden boats at a yard in Ibrahim Hyderi in Karachi. (AFP)
This photograph taken on July 8, 2026 shows traditional wooden boats at a yard in Ibrahim Hyderi in Karachi. (AFP)

The rhythmic hammering of nails and the whine of saws echo around a coastal Karachi neighborhood, where small figures of men work atop massive wooden fishing hulls that loom beneath a pale summer sky.

Ibrahim Hyderi, a maritime town on the outskirts of the port city believed to date back centuries, is renowned for the construction of traditional fishing boats.

"This is the area that gave birth to Karachi, and that provided Karachi with its fishing sector," said Mehran Ali Shah of the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum, which advocates for the local community.

Despite the rise of industrial shipbuilding, such practices -- where handcrafted vessels are assembled timber by timber -- have stood their ground.

Boat-builder Muhammad Asif, 22, learnt the craft from his father as a teenager, and is now proud that he can work on his own.

"I was drawn to this work, so I work at it with great dedication," Asif tells AFP as sawdust coats his face and sun-bleached hair.

"It has always been my passion, that is why I chose this line of work."

Asif, like other workers, starts at 7:00 am every day and heads home for dinner around 7:00 pm, only putting down his tools during a two-hour lunch break.

He earns up to 2,500 Pakistani rupees ($9) a day, working six days a week.

The workers brave the elements all year round, including the sweltering heat and humidity of summers and the soaking rains of the monsoon seasons.

The process begins with a fisherman selecting a boat design. A master craftsman drafts a template and the workers take it from there, drawing on their years of experience to painstakingly build the vessel.

The carpenters choose from different types of timber, such as local eucalyptus wood, or African teak for resilience against seawater.

The heavy blocks of wood are carefully cut using well-worn vertical and other saws, following hand-drawn pencil markings.

The boats are then assembled from the ground up, block by block and nail by nail, with the workers clambering up on rickety ladders as the hulls rise higher.

The time-consuming process means even a small boat measuring just several meters long could take up to three months to construct and cost one million Pakistani rupees ($3,600), Asif says.

Across the yard, the completed boats are given splashes of color by painter Muhammad Ismail.

The weather-beaten 38-year-old, his hands and nails tinged with blue, is painting petals on the hull of a vessel -- one of many he has worked on over a decade.

"Most of our fishermen prefer floral designs rather than fish," he tells AFP, adding that he experiences "great satisfaction" when an owner appreciates his artwork.

"Some people ask me to create a design according to my own ideas, while others tell me exactly what they want."

At a nearby harbor, fisherman Qadir Bux sits in a small boat owned by his family for at least two decades as he mends fishing nets. The fisherman hopes to give the wooden vessel a facelift soon.

"It's like looking after something very precious, or even like caring for our own child," he says.


Saudi Ministry of Culture, Asaan Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU aims to develop cultural experiences that showcase Saudi heritage, promote its preservation, and foster creativity and innovation in culture and heritage. (SPA)
The MoU aims to develop cultural experiences that showcase Saudi heritage, promote its preservation, and foster creativity and innovation in culture and heritage. (SPA)
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Saudi Ministry of Culture, Asaan Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU aims to develop cultural experiences that showcase Saudi heritage, promote its preservation, and foster creativity and innovation in culture and heritage. (SPA)
The MoU aims to develop cultural experiences that showcase Saudi heritage, promote its preservation, and foster creativity and innovation in culture and heritage. (SPA)

Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Culture and Misk Heritage Museum (Asaan), affiliated with the Mohammed bin Salman Foundation (Misk), signed on Monday a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to develop cultural experiences that showcase Saudi heritage, promote its preservation, and foster creativity and innovation in culture and heritage.

The MoU covers innovative museum experiences, national talent development, cultural heritage research and documentation, the exchange of studies, data, and statistics, media cooperation, and cultural programs.

The MoU supports the Ministry of Culture’s efforts to build an integrated cultural ecosystem through effective partnerships and advance the National Culture Strategy under Saudi Vision 2030.