Egypt: Industrial Product Valued at EGP1.2 Trillion

CEO of the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI) Hossam Heiba, during a tour of the free zones in Suez Governorate (Asharq Al-Awsat)
CEO of the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI) Hossam Heiba, during a tour of the free zones in Suez Governorate (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Egypt: Industrial Product Valued at EGP1.2 Trillion

CEO of the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI) Hossam Heiba, during a tour of the free zones in Suez Governorate (Asharq Al-Awsat)
CEO of the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI) Hossam Heiba, during a tour of the free zones in Suez Governorate (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The Egyptian economy was capable of achieving positive indexes, topped by attaining the industrial product of a total EGP1.2 trillion in 2022/2023, announced Minister of Trade and Industry Ahmed Samir.
Samir said in a speech during a press conference in Cairo that despite global crises and their economic repercussions, transformative industries achieved a growth rate of 9.57%.
Samir added that non-petroleum exports increased to $35.631 billion in 2023, and Egyptian imports declined to $73 billion, a decrease of 14% compared to 2022.
He said the balance of trade deficit was down to about $11 billion, as it recorded nearly $37 billion against $48 billion in 2022.
The Minister added that these positive indicators are due to global demand stability for Egyptian products in various productive sectors, the preservation of export markets, and the opening of new markets.
The high competitiveness of Egyptian products in foreign markets and the measures taken by the government to encourage manufacturers also increased the positive indicators.
The Minister stressed keenness on achieving the state's goals to increase exports to various global markets and to reach $100 billion annually by developing Egyptian products, increasing their value, and opening new markets.
Meanwhile, the CEO of the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), Hossam Heiba, discussed establishing a new investment zone for small industries feeding the economic zone in the Suez Canal region.
Heiba toured public free zones in the Suez Governorate to follow up on the companies operating there.
At the beginning of the tour, the CEO discussed the mechanisms for establishing the investment zone, especially in small industries.
The Suez Governorate includes three public free zones in Port Tawfiq, al-Adabiah, and Ataka, given the governorate's geographical location as a southern gateway to the Suez Canal.
GAFI issued a press statement announcing that Heiba inaugurated a new production line for Galaxy Chemicals in Ataka's free zone, at an investment of $5.5 million, which contributes to boosting Egypt's petrochemical exports and increasing foreign exchange returns.
The CEO also toured Beam Consolidated factories for the production of building materials.
Heiba discussed with the CEO of Beam, Felix Moral, the group's expansion plans to develop eco-friendly building materials and increase its share of exports from 30% to 50% of its total production in the upcoming years.

Moral stressed that the Egyptian economy is appealing to investors, which led to the development of the company's size since the beginning of its work in Egypt in 2016.
Beam Consolidated's investments and assets in Egypt currently amount to about EGP2 billion, making it the country's largest producer of gypsum board.
At the end of the tour, GAFI organized a meeting between Heiba and investors in the three free zones in Suez.
The meeting addressed developing work within the free zones and the challenges facing investors.
The head of the Authority reviewed the latest investment stimulating measures, including enabling electronic incorporation of companies and reducing the number of documents needed to establish and operate companies.
He also emphasized the government's openness to the business community's proposals to develop legislation and procedures related to the investment environment.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.