From Oil Spills to New Species: How Tech Reveals the Ocean

Machine learning is helping scientists track down hidden oil spills and pollution. Cris BOURONCLE / AFP
Machine learning is helping scientists track down hidden oil spills and pollution. Cris BOURONCLE / AFP
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From Oil Spills to New Species: How Tech Reveals the Ocean

Machine learning is helping scientists track down hidden oil spills and pollution. Cris BOURONCLE / AFP
Machine learning is helping scientists track down hidden oil spills and pollution. Cris BOURONCLE / AFP

The ocean covers nearly three-quarters of our planet but scientists say we have barely scratched the surface of what lives in our seas.
But new technologies are helping to change that, revealing hidden oil spills, speeding up the discovery of new species and uncovering how light pollution impacts marine life.
Uncovering hidden oil spills
Satellite imagery means large oil spills in the ocean are relatively easily detected. When a tanker crashes or a pipe bursts, scientists know where to look, AFP said.
But smaller pollution events can appear as nothing more than a thin streak against the smooth sea surface -- the maritime equivalent of a needle in a haystack.
"It used to take human analysts weeks if not months to be able to detect a single (small-scale) oil pollution incident," explained Mitchelle De Leon of US-based NGO SkyTruth.
The group harnesses machine learning to comb through large datasets of satellite imagery and find spills that might previously have gone undetected.
SkyTruth has revealed spills in the Red Sea and the Mediterranean and helped expose pollution from shadowy Russian ships.
There are limitations to the technology, including determining the composition of a spill, but the group says it offers an early warning system for scientists, media and governments.
"We think of our tool as a starting point... to make hidden human pollution events more visible," said De Leon.
Understanding light pollution
We have long known that our obsession with lighting the night sky obscures the stars and confuses terrestrial animals, but what impact does it have on the sea?
To understand that, scientists need satellite images to show how light spreads from coastal megacities, as well as complex models that can calculate how light penetrates the ocean, said Tim Smyth, a marine biogeochemistry specialist at Britain's Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
Seawater generally absorbs more red light, but that can change in the presence of phytoplankton or high turbidity.
"We're able to program computers such that we can model the light field under the water with a high degree of accuracy," said Smyth.
His research found two million square kilometers (770,000 square miles) of ocean -- an area 10 times the size of Britain -- is affected by light pollution globally.
The effects are profound, from disrupting feeding by fish and seabirds, to interfering with coral spawning and the nightly migrations of phytoplankton up and down the water column.
The good news is "it's something we can do something about", said Smyth.
Switching off unnecessary illuminations such as billboards and redesigning lights to reduce "spillage" into the sky will bring down costs and carbon emissions while benefiting wildlife on land and in the sea, he explained.
Species discovery
Advances in technology have allowed us to reach the ocean's darkest depths but scientists estimate we know about just 10 percent of what lives in our seas.
And before we even realize a new species exists, "we are losing that diversity", said Lucy Woodall, a marine biologist and head of science at Ocean Census.
Launched in 2023, the global alliance of scientists aims to speed up the discovery of ocean species from coral to crabs.
That works in part by collaborating with high-tech, lab-equipped research vessels where researchers can immediately start work on collected specimens.
Genetic sequencing can now be done in the field, "which even 10 years ago would have been months and months worth of work back on land", said Woodall.
On average, it takes more than 13 years from finding a possible new species to officially describing it for science.
"We can't afford to wait for that," said Woodall.
The project encourages scientists to share findings sooner, with an explanation of why they believe a species is new.
It won't replace the slower work of proving new species with methods such as genetic testing but it can accelerate knowledge at a time of urgency.
The project has documented more than 800 new discoveries, which are shared on its open-access biodiversity platform.
"We want to ensure that companies, countries, and individuals really value the ocean and ocean life for what it does for them and our planet," said Woodall.



American Influencer Apologizes for Snatching Australian Baby Wombat

FILE - Otto, a Tasmanian wombat, waddles around the Albuquerque BioPark Zoo's newest exhibit in Albuquerque, N.M., on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010. (AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan)
FILE - Otto, a Tasmanian wombat, waddles around the Albuquerque BioPark Zoo's newest exhibit in Albuquerque, N.M., on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010. (AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan)
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American Influencer Apologizes for Snatching Australian Baby Wombat

FILE - Otto, a Tasmanian wombat, waddles around the Albuquerque BioPark Zoo's newest exhibit in Albuquerque, N.M., on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010. (AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan)
FILE - Otto, a Tasmanian wombat, waddles around the Albuquerque BioPark Zoo's newest exhibit in Albuquerque, N.M., on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010. (AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan)

An American influencer who sparked outrage after posting a video of her snatching a baby wombat from its mother while in Australia apologized on Saturday, saying she had acted out of concern for the young animal’s welfare.
Australian authorities had threatened Sam Jones with deportation after she posted a video on her Instagram account of her running with a wombat joey in her hands from its mother on a roadside at night, The Associated Press reported.
“I ran, not to rip the joey away from its mother, but from fear she might attack me,” Jones, who also uses the name Samantha Strable, posted on social media.
“The snap judgement I made in these moments was never from a place of harm or stealing a joey,” she added.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said the video of the young wombat being grabbed was “just an outrage.”
Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke said his department was investigating whether Jones had breached the terms of her visa before she left the country on Friday.
“There’s never been a better day to be a baby wombat in Australia,” Burke said after she left Australia voluntarily.
Burke said he did not expect Jones would apply for an Australian visa again.
The animal appears to be a common wombat, also known as a bare-nosed wombat. It is a protected marsupial found only in Australia.
Montana-based Jones claimed she became “extremely concerned” when she found the two wombats on a road not moving.
“As wombats are so often hit on Australian roads, I stopped to ensure they got off the road safely and didn’t get hit,” Jones said.
“However, as is seen from the video, when I walked up to them, the joey did not move or run off. I was concerned it may have been sick or injured, and made a snap judgement to pick up the joey and see if that was the case,” she added.
An unidentified man laughs as he films Jones saying: “I caught a baby wombat.” They both note the mother’s sounds of aggression.
Animal welfare experts said Jones could have harmed the joey by dangling it by its two forelegs.
Jones said she returned the joey to its mother and ensured they both left the road.
“I have done a great deal of reflection on this situation and have realized that I did not handle this situation as best as I should have,” she said.
“I have learned from this situation, and am truly sorry for the distress I have caused,” she added.