UN Says 70% Chance that 2025-2029 Average Warming Will Top 1.5C

A vendor cleans dust from air coolers on display outside a shop as he waits for customers on a hot summer day in Amritsar on May 27, 2025. (Photo by Narinder NANU / AFP)
A vendor cleans dust from air coolers on display outside a shop as he waits for customers on a hot summer day in Amritsar on May 27, 2025. (Photo by Narinder NANU / AFP)
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UN Says 70% Chance that 2025-2029 Average Warming Will Top 1.5C

A vendor cleans dust from air coolers on display outside a shop as he waits for customers on a hot summer day in Amritsar on May 27, 2025. (Photo by Narinder NANU / AFP)
A vendor cleans dust from air coolers on display outside a shop as he waits for customers on a hot summer day in Amritsar on May 27, 2025. (Photo by Narinder NANU / AFP)

The United Nations warned Wednesday there is a 70 percent chance that average warming from 2025 to 2029 will exceed the 1.5 degrees Celsius international benchmark.

The planet is therefore expected to remain at historic levels of warming after the two hottest years ever recorded in 2023 and 2024, according to an annual climate report published by the World Meteorological Organization, the UN's weather and climate agency.

"We have just experienced the 10 warmest years on record," AFP quoted the WMO's deputy secretary-general, Ko Barrett, as saying.

"Unfortunately, this WMO report provides no sign of respite over the coming years, and this means that there will be a growing negative impact on our economies, our daily lives, our ecosystems and our planet."

The 2015 Paris climate accords aimed to limit global warming to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels -- and to 1.5C if possible.

The targets are calculated relative to the 1850-1900 average, before humanity began industrially burning coal, oil, and gas, which emits carbon dioxide (CO2) -- the greenhouse gas largely responsible for climate change.

The more optimistic 1.5C target is one that growing numbers of climate scientists now consider impossible to achieve, as CO2 emissions are still increasing.

The WMO's latest projections are compiled by Britain's Met Office national weather service, based on forecasts from multiple global centres.

The agency forecasts that the global mean near-surface temperature for each year between 2025 and 2029 will be between 1.2C and 1.9C above the pre-industrial average.

It says there is a 70 percent chance that average warming across the 2025-2029 period will exceed 1.5C.

"This is entirely consistent with our proximity to passing 1.5C on a long-term basis in the late 2020s or early 2030s," said Peter Thorne, director of the Irish Climate Analysis and Research Units group at the University of Maynooth.

"I would expect in two to three years this probability to be 100 percent" in the five-year outlook, he added.

The WMO says there is an 80 percent chance that at least one year between 2025 and 2029 will be warmer than the warmest year on record (2024).

To smooth out natural climate variations, several methods assess long-term warming, the WMO's climate services director Christopher Hewitt told a press conference.

One approach combines observations from the past 10 years with projections for the next decade.

This predicts that the 20-year average warming for 2015-2034 will be 1.44C.
There is no consensus yet on how best to assess long-term warming.

The EU's climate monitor Copernicus reckons warming currently stands at 1.39C, and projects 1.5C could be reached in mid-2029 or sooner.

Although "exceptionally unlikely" at one percent, there is now an above-zero chance of at least one year in the next five exceeding 2C of warming.

"It's the first time we've ever seen such an event in our computer predictions," said the Met Office's Adam Scaife.

"It is shocking," and "that probability is going to rise".

He recalled that a decade ago, forecasts first showed the very low probability of a calendar year exceeding the 1.5C benchmark. But that came to pass in 2024.

Every fraction of a degree of additional warming can intensify heatwaves, extreme precipitation, droughts, and the melting of ice caps, sea ice, and glaciers.

This year's climate is offering no respite.



Riyadh Becomes First City in Region to Receive Global Active City Certification

General view of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (SPA)
General view of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (SPA)
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Riyadh Becomes First City in Region to Receive Global Active City Certification

General view of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (SPA)
General view of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (SPA)

The Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC) announced that the capital has been awarded the Global Active City (GAC) certification, becoming the first city in the Middle East to attain this designation, in recognition of its efforts to promote healthy lifestyles, physical activity, and community well-being for all.

According to a press release issued by the commission Monday, CEO of the RCRC Eng. Ibrahim bin Mohammed Al-Sultan explained that this achievement reflects the continued support and ambitious vision of the Kingdom’s leadership, which has enabled Riyadh to make significant progress in improving quality-of-life indicators across the city, in line with the targets of Saudi Vision 2030, SPA reported.

Eng. Al-Sultan expressed appreciation to the main partners, Ministry of Sport and Saudi Sports for All Federation, whose active contributions played a vital role in securing this international recognition. He also acknowledged the efforts of relevant entities, noting that their collaboration highlights the Kingdom’s regional and global leadership in enhancing quality of life.

The release added that the Active Well-being Initiative, founded by Association for International Sport for All (TAFISA) and Evaleo Organization, and supported by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), awards the Global Active City certification to cities that excel in creating active living opportunities and implementing targeted systems and standards aimed at encouraging physical activity across all segments of society.

This achievement reaffirms RCRC’s commitment to transforming the capital into a city that enables residents and visitors to live healthier, more active lifestyles. This approach aligns with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Quality of Life Program through an integrated, citywide strategy that expands access to public spaces, walking and cycling paths, sports facilities, and community programs that inspire active living.

Riyadh’s approach brings together the sport, health, transport, education, and urban planning sectors to build a supportive urban environment that enhances well-being and ensures inclusivity for all members of the community.

The certification process was led by RCRC, with the support and participation of Ministry of Sport, Saudi Sports for All Federation, and more than 20 relevant entities. This collaborative effort has made physical activity an essential and accessible part of Riyadh’s urban vision.

The Global Active City classification reflects Riyadh’s progress in infrastructure, programs, governance systems, and policy frameworks dedicated to improving quality of life, strengthening community participation, and supporting sustainable well-being. It also recognizes the city’s measurable advancements in promoting physical activity and public health.


Interstellar Comet Keeps Its Distance as It Makes Its Closest Approach to Earth

This image, provided by NASA, shows the interstellar comet 3I/Atlas captured by the Hubble Space Telescope on Nov. 30, 2025, about 178 million miles (286 million kilometers) from Earth. (NASA, ESA, STScI, D. Jewitt (UCLA), M.-T. Hui (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory), J. DePasquale (STScI) via AP)
This image, provided by NASA, shows the interstellar comet 3I/Atlas captured by the Hubble Space Telescope on Nov. 30, 2025, about 178 million miles (286 million kilometers) from Earth. (NASA, ESA, STScI, D. Jewitt (UCLA), M.-T. Hui (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory), J. DePasquale (STScI) via AP)
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Interstellar Comet Keeps Its Distance as It Makes Its Closest Approach to Earth

This image, provided by NASA, shows the interstellar comet 3I/Atlas captured by the Hubble Space Telescope on Nov. 30, 2025, about 178 million miles (286 million kilometers) from Earth. (NASA, ESA, STScI, D. Jewitt (UCLA), M.-T. Hui (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory), J. DePasquale (STScI) via AP)
This image, provided by NASA, shows the interstellar comet 3I/Atlas captured by the Hubble Space Telescope on Nov. 30, 2025, about 178 million miles (286 million kilometers) from Earth. (NASA, ESA, STScI, D. Jewitt (UCLA), M.-T. Hui (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory), J. DePasquale (STScI) via AP)

A stray comet from another star swings past Earth this week in one last hurrah before racing back toward interstellar space.

Discovered over the summer, the comet known as 3I/Atlas will pass within 167 million miles (269 million kilometers) of our planet on Friday, the closest it gets on its grand tour of the solar system.

NASA continues to aim its space telescopes at the visiting ice ball, estimated to be between 1,444 feet (440 meters) and 3.5 miles (5.6 kilometers) in size. But it’s fading as it exits, so now’s the time for backyard astronomers to catch it in the night sky with their telescopes, The AP news reported.

The comet will come much closer to Jupiter in March, zipping within 33 million miles (53 million kilometers). It will be the mid-2030s before it reaches interstellar space, never to return, said Paul Chodas, director of NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies.

It’s the third known interstellar object to cut through our solar system. Interstellar comets like 3I/Atlas originate in star systems elsewhere in the Milky Way, while home-grown comets like Halley's hail from the icy fringes of our solar system.

A telescope in Hawaii discovered the first confirmed interstellar visitor in 2017. Two years later, an interstellar comet was spotted by a Crimean amateur astronomer. NASA’s sky-surveying Atlas telescope in Chile spotted comet 3I/Atlas in July while prowling for potentially dangerous asteroids.

Scientists believe the latest interloping comet, also harmless, may have originated in a star system much older than ours, making it a tantalizing target.


Japan’s Only Two Pandas to Be Sent Back to China 

Giant panda Lei Lei eats bamboo at Ueno Zoological Gardens in Tokyo, Japan, 28 November 2025. (EPA)
Giant panda Lei Lei eats bamboo at Ueno Zoological Gardens in Tokyo, Japan, 28 November 2025. (EPA)
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Japan’s Only Two Pandas to Be Sent Back to China 

Giant panda Lei Lei eats bamboo at Ueno Zoological Gardens in Tokyo, Japan, 28 November 2025. (EPA)
Giant panda Lei Lei eats bamboo at Ueno Zoological Gardens in Tokyo, Japan, 28 November 2025. (EPA)

Two pandas at a Tokyo zoo will be returned to China in January, the Tokyo government said on Monday, potentially leaving Japan without the beloved animals for the first time in half a century.

Loaned out as part of China's "panda diplomacy" program, the distinctive black-and-white animals have symbolized friendship between Beijing and Tokyo since the normalization of diplomatic ties in 1972.

Japan currently has only two pandas, Lei Lei and Xiao Xiao, at Tokyo's Zoological Gardens in the Ueno neighborhood.

But the twins are now set to be repatriated a month before their loan period expires in February, said Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which operates the Ueno zoo.

Tokyo's regional government has been asking for the immensely popular mammals to remain at the zoo -- where they attract huge crowds -- but China didn't agree, according to the Nikkei business daily.

In September last year, animal lovers in Tokyo bid farewell to the parents of Lei Lei and Xiao Xiao who returned home.

Just before they left, thousands of tearful fans came out to catch a final glimpse and take photographs of the beloved bears.

The Asahi Shimbun reported that Tokyo is seeking the loan of a new pair, although their arrival before the return of Lei Lei and Xiao Xiao is seen as unlikely.

Ties between Asia's two largest economies are fast deteriorating after Japan's conservative premier Sanae Takaichi hinted that Tokyo could intervene militarily in the event of any attack on Taiwan.

Her comment provoked the ire of Beijing, which regards the island as its own territory.

Japan's top government spokesman Minoru Kihara said pandas have helped ties with China.

"Exchanges through pandas have contributed to improving the feelings between the people of Japan and China. We hope such exchanges will continue," Kihara told a regular press briefing.

He said that "several local governments and zoos have expressed interest in receiving pandas on loan" but did not state whether the national government was asking China for new animals.

The Ueno zoo has long been the beneficiary of panda diplomacy, having cooperated with facilities in China and the United States to successfully breed giant pandas.

Lei Lei and Xiao Xiao were delivered in 2021 by their mother Shin Shin, who arrived in 2011 and was returned to China last year.

Breeding pandas in a zoo environment is fiendishly tricky due to their difficulties mating, false pregnancies and high mortality rates of newborn cubs.