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21-point US Plan for Ending War Encourages Palestinians to Remain in Gaza

Smoke rises following an Israeli military strike in Gaza City, as seen from the central Gaza Strip, Friday, Sept. 26, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)
Smoke rises following an Israeli military strike in Gaza City, as seen from the central Gaza Strip, Friday, Sept. 26, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)
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21-point US Plan for Ending War Encourages Palestinians to Remain in Gaza

Smoke rises following an Israeli military strike in Gaza City, as seen from the central Gaza Strip, Friday, Sept. 26, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)
Smoke rises following an Israeli military strike in Gaza City, as seen from the central Gaza Strip, Friday, Sept. 26, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)

A US proposal for ending the war in the Gaza Strip encourages Palestinians to remain in the enclave and provides for the creation of a pathway to a future Palestinian state, according to a copy of the plan obtained by The Times of Israel.

The 21-point document shared by the US with a handful of Arab and Muslim countries earlier this week on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly also contains clauses that have been staples in various proposals crafted by different stakeholders in recent months - from the release of all hostages to Hamas’s removal from power, the newspaper said.

But the decision to explicitly encourage Palestinians to remain in Gaza capped off a major evolution for the US administration on the issue, given that President Donald Trump in February shocked much of the world with talk of the US taking over Gaza and permanently relocating its entire population of roughly two million people.

The proposal’s envisioning of a potential pathway to a future Palestinian state after Gaza’s redevelopment has advanced and the Palestinian Authority’s reform has been completed also appears to be a major departure from the Trump administration’s policy to date, given that it has avoided expressing backing for a two-state solution, the report said.

The plan obtained by The Times of Israel - and authenticated by two sources familiar with the matter - even sees the US establishing a dialogue with Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a “political horizon” for “peaceful coexistence.”

The proposal crafted largely by US special envoy Steve Witkoff also includes clauses that Israel has long demanded.

Those include a commitment for Hamas to disarm, the demilitarization of Gaza and the establishment of a process to de-radicalize the population.

What are the 21 points?

The following are the contents of the plan that have been paraphrased at the request of the sources who provided it.

1. Gaza will be a de-radicalized, terror-free zone that does not pose a threat to its neighbors.

2. Gaza will be redeveloped for the benefit of its people.

3. If both sides agree to the proposal, the war will immediately end, with Israeli forces halting all operations and gradually withdrawing from the Strip.

4. Within 48 hours of Israel publicly accepting the deal, all living and deceased hostages will be returned.

5. Once the hostages are returned, Israel will free several hundred Palestinian security prisoners serving life sentences and over 1,000 Gazans arrested since the start of the war, along with the bodies of several hundred Palestinians.

6. Once the hostages are returned, Hamas members who commit to peaceful coexistence will be granted amnesty, while members who wish to leave the Strip will be granted safe passage to receiving countries.

7. Once this agreement is reached, aid will surge into the Strip at rates no lower than the benchmarks set in the January 2025 hostage deal, which included 600 trucks of aid per day, along with the rehabilitation of critical infrastructure and the entry of equipment for removing rubble.

8. Aid will be distributed — without interference from either side — by the United Nations and the Red Crescent, along with other international organizations not associated with either Israel or Hamas.

9. Gaza will be governed by a temporary, transitional government of Palestinian technocrats who will be responsible for providing day-to-day services for the people of the Strip. The committee will be supervised by a new international body established by the US in consultation with Arab and European partners. It will establish a framework for funding the redevelopment of Gaza until the Palestinian Authority has completed its reform program.

10. An economic plan will be created to rebuild Gaza through the convening of experts with experience in constructing modern Middle East cities and through the consideration of existing plans aimed at attracting investments and creating jobs.

11. An economic zone will be established, with reduced tariffs and access rates to be negotiated by participating countries.

12. No one will be forced to leave Gaza, but those who choose to leave will be allowed to return. Moreover, Gazans will be encouraged to remain in the Strip and offered an opportunity to build a better future there.

13. Hamas will have no role in Gaza’s governance whatsoever. There will be a commitment to destroy and stop building any offensive military infrastructure, including tunnels. Gaza’s new leaders will commit to peaceful coexistence with their neighbors.

14. A security guarantee will be provided by regional partners to ensure that Hamas and other Gaza factions comply with their obligations and that Gaza ceases to pose a threat to Israel or its own people.

15. The US will work with Arab and other international partners to develop a temporary international stabilization force that will immediately deploy in Gaza to oversee security in the Strip. The force will develop and train a Palestinian police force, which will serve as a long-term internal security body.

16. Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza, and the Israeli army will gradually hand over territory it currently occupies, as the replacement security forces establish control and stability in the Strip.

17. If Hamas delays or rejects this proposal, the above points will proceed in terror-free areas, which the Israeli army will gradually hand over to the international stabilization force.

18. Israel agrees not to carry out future strikes in Qatar. The US and the international community acknowledge Doha’s important mediating role in the Gaza conflict.

19. A process will be established to de-radicalize the population. This will include an interfaith dialogue aimed at changing mindsets and narratives in Israel and Gaza.

20. When Gaza’s redevelopment has been advanced and the PA reform program has been implemented, the conditions may be in place for a credible pathway to Palestinian statehood, which is recognized as the aspiration of the Palestinian people.

The clause doesn’t provide details regarding the Palestinian reform program and is not definitive regarding when the pathway to statehood can be established.

21. The US will establish a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a political horizon for peaceful coexistence.

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Arab World

Iraq Ruling Alliance Nears Critical Constitutional Deadline

From a Coordination Framework alliance meeting in Baghdad (INA)
From a Coordination Framework alliance meeting in Baghdad (INA)
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Iraq Ruling Alliance Nears Critical Constitutional Deadline

From a Coordination Framework alliance meeting in Baghdad (INA)
From a Coordination Framework alliance meeting in Baghdad (INA)

Iraq’s Coordination Framework is set to meet on Friday, the final day of the constitutional deadline to name a prime minister-designate, as disputes persist among Shiite factions over both the selection mechanism and the final nominee, threatening to push the country into a new constitutional crisis.

In that context, the Reconstruction and Development Coalition, led by Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, denied any US objection to his serving a second term and rejected reports that Ihsan al-Awadi had been proposed as an alternative candidate to form a government, reaffirming its backing for al-Sudani as the “sole candidate.”

The Coordination Framework has postponed its decisive meeting more than once before announcing in an official statement that the session would be moved to Friday “to allow more time for dialogue and to reach a conclusion within the constitutional period.”

Hardening positions

Mushriq al-Furaiji, a member of the Reconstruction and Development Coalition, said divisions inside the Framework were marked by “hardening positions.”

He said a proposal to adopt a two-thirds vote of Framework lawmakers to choose the nominee had been rejected by Nouri al-Maliki. He added that about 114 lawmakers backed Sudani’s nomination, compared with around 50 supporting Maliki.

Firas al-Musallamawi, spokesman for the coalition, said Framework leaders had discussed adopting the principle of a two-thirds majority, but disagreement remained over whether that should be calculated from the total number of Framework leaders or from the number of their lawmakers in parliament.

By contrast, Hassan Fadam, a member of the Hikma Movement, said the final contest was likely to narrow to Sudani and Bassem al-Badri, while Zuhair al-Jalabi of the State of Law Coalition said Maliki had “not officially withdrawn,” adding that his continued candidacy was limiting the possibility of putting forward other nominees.

Saqr al-Mohammadawi, a lawmaker from the Sadiqoun bloc, said in a press statement that Framework leaders were moving to settle the nominee’s name at the upcoming meeting, adding that the option of a compromise candidate would remain on the table if differences persisted.

Fallout from the delay

The developments come after Nizar Amidi was elected president, triggering a 15-day constitutional deadline for the designation of a candidate from the largest parliamentary bloc to form a government, under Article 76 of the constitution.

During a meeting with Maliki, Amidi urged Framework forces to quickly settle on their nominee “within the constitutional timelines,” warning of the consequences of delay for political stability.

The dispute within the Framework centers on the definition of the “largest bloc” and the mechanism for choosing the nominee: either relying on a decision by Framework leaders or resorting to a vote by its roughly 185 lawmakers.

A legal debate has also emerged over what would happen if the deadline expired without a nominee being presented, given the absence of any explicit constitutional text addressing such a case.

Observers say failure to reach agreement at Friday’s meeting could return the country to political deadlock and leave the president facing complex constitutional choices, at a time when Shiite factions are confronting, for the first time since 2003, a sharp split that threatens their political cohesion.

The political crisis comes amid US pressure on Baghdad. Sources said Washington had halted a cash shipment worth about $500 million that had been headed to Iraq and had suspended parts of its security cooperation with Baghdad, in a move aimed at pressuring the Iraqi government over the actions of Iran-backed militias, according to Reuters.

Western sources also told Asharq Al-Awsat that coordination between Washington and Baghdad was currently “at its lowest level.”

Arab World

Will Syria’s Parliament Meet on Sharaa’s Timeline?

President Ahmed al-Sharaa meets members of the Supreme Committee for People’s Assembly elections, July 2025 (Presidency page)
President Ahmed al-Sharaa meets members of the Supreme Committee for People’s Assembly elections, July 2025 (Presidency page)
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Will Syria’s Parliament Meet on Sharaa’s Timeline?

President Ahmed al-Sharaa meets members of the Supreme Committee for People’s Assembly elections, July 2025 (Presidency page)
President Ahmed al-Sharaa meets members of the Supreme Committee for People’s Assembly elections, July 2025 (Presidency page)

Holding the first session of Syria’s parliament, the People’s Assembly, on the timeline set by Ahmed al-Sharaa in Antalya will require faster efforts to select representatives from Hasaka, as the Supreme Elections Committee moves to resolve key issues delaying the launch.

Al-Sharaa said at the Antalya Diplomacy Forum last Friday that parliament would convene by the end of April. The new Assembly, he said, will set the course for the post-five-year transitional phase, led by drafting a constitution to define laws, state institutions, presidential powers, and the system of governance, all subject to a vote.

The president’s office is expected to name his appointees, who will fill one-third of the seats, after ratifying Hasaka’s election results, completing the quorum ahead of the first session.

Hasaka tests timeline

Al-Sharaa’s remarks point to progress on stalled issues, especially in Hasaka, but they have also raised doubts over whether elections there can be completed in time.

Analysts say the province’s ethnic, sectarian, and social diversity demands a cautious approach to a process carrying political weight. That includes how representatives are chosen, and how subcommittees and electoral bodies are formed.

Researcher Samer al-Ahmad, affiliated with the Middle East Institute, said Hasaka’s mix of Kurdish and Assyrian parties, tribal structures, revolutionary groups, and the Autonomous Administration adds complexity.

This diversity, he said, makes the elections highly sensitive, requiring Damascus to balance competing interests and limit external interference.

The vote falls under the January 29 understandings with the Syrian Democratic Forces, which may seek a dedicated share similar to the president’s quota or obstruct the process, as seen in the recent refusal to hand over the offices and the Justice Palace in Qamishli.

Hasaka Governor Nour al-Din Ahmad met a delegation from the elections committee on Saturday as preparations gathered pace.

Committee member Mohammed Wali said the process could take 15 to 21 days.

“The committee has begun preparations to resume the process based on Hasaka’s allocated seats, forming the electoral body and engaging official and social actors to ensure representation of all Syrian components in the first parliament after liberation,” he said.

Wali said the earlier delay was aimed at securing a suitable environment under state sovereignty and ensuring representation for Hasaka as part of Syria.

He added that the process effectively began with the committee’s recent visit, meetings with the governor and a presidential envoy, and steps to implement the December 29 agreement, including logistical preparations and initial lists for subcommittees.

May more likely

Syrian government sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that holding the first session within the announced timeframe will be difficult, warning of disputes similar to those seen in Raqqa’s elections.

They said authorities are unlikely to stick rigidly to the date and may allow more time, pointing to the end of the first week of May as a more likely date.

The sources said recent presidential remarks reflect a push to activate the legislative authority, given pending files requiring approval, including internal laws, the constitution, transitional justice and foreign agreements.

They stressed the need for representation from the eastern region through elections mirroring other provinces to ensure the Assembly’s legitimacy.

Raqqa, previously under SDF control, has already held elections, producing four members, with two more from Tal Abyad completing the province’s representation.

Sweida and the presidential quota

Hasaka’s file also brings attention to Sweida and the president’s one-third share, seen as key to maintaining political and social balance.

Ahmed Qarbi, director of the Syrian Dialogue Center for Studies, said a solution in Sweida remains distant as the Hijri group continues to press separatist demands, complicating efforts to hold elections there.

He said the government may compensate for Sweida’s three seats through the president’s quota of 70, under Article 24 of the constitutional declaration, to ensure fair representation, including ethnic, sectarian and gender balance, likely securing Druze representation.

Qarbi said this would not be a quota system, but a way to fill gaps, ensure broad representation and account for expertise.

“It is not possible to suspend a state parliament with 207 out of 210 members present,” he said, adding that Druze representation could be covered through figures from areas such as Jaramana and Ashrafiyat Sahnaya, as well as influential figures from Sweida who oppose separation.

Pressure to convene

Beyond its legislative role, the Assembly’s launch carries political weight.

Newly elected member Abdulaziz Maghribi said its convening is critical at home and abroad.

“For the first time in decades, after the Assembly’s role was sidelined under Assad family rule, Syrians are waiting for it to convene and exercise oversight, improve institutional performance through proposing, passing and amending laws, and approve the state budget,” he said.

The president’s office is expected to finalize its appointees after Hasaka’s results are ratified, completing the quorum ahead of the first session.

Parliamentary elections began in October under an exceptional electoral system based on electoral colleges, which selected two-thirds of the 210-member Assembly.

Arab World

Gradual Escalation in South Lebanon Complicates Diplomatic Efforts

Children stand on a pickup truck as they pass damaged buildings after an Israeli airstrike in the southern Lebanese town of Mansouri (Reuters)
Children stand on a pickup truck as they pass damaged buildings after an Israeli airstrike in the southern Lebanese town of Mansouri (Reuters)
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Gradual Escalation in South Lebanon Complicates Diplomatic Efforts

Children stand on a pickup truck as they pass damaged buildings after an Israeli airstrike in the southern Lebanese town of Mansouri (Reuters)
Children stand on a pickup truck as they pass damaged buildings after an Israeli airstrike in the southern Lebanese town of Mansouri (Reuters)

Diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis in southern Lebanon are running up against a gradual escalation on the ground, as fighting expands beyond the border area following four days of Israeli violations, with Hezbollah beginning limited attacks on Israeli forces deeper inside Lebanon and along the border.

Israeli operations have intensified, with homes being blown up, demolished and burned, while no-return zones are expanding. The measures appear to go beyond military objectives, pointing to an attempt to impose a new demographic and security reality.

Escalation widens, no-return zones expand

On Thursday, the Israeli army carried out operations in several towns, including Beit Lif, Hanine, Mais al-Jabal, and Khiam. Powerful explosions were reported, homes were destroyed or set ablaze, and artillery hit Wadi al-Hujeir, Wadi al-Slouqi, and Qantara.

The campaign signals a shift from remote strikes to systematic destruction of the built environment.

Hezbollah fired a rocket toward the Metula settlement, which Israel’s Iron Dome intercepted. The Israeli army also said it intercepted an aerial target launched from Lebanon.

More significant, however, was the widening of Israeli warnings, with renewed calls for residents of dozens of villages not to return or move south of set lines, resembling a “fire belt” with political and demographic implications aimed at reshaping the border area.

Displacement persists, uncertainty deepens

Local sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that many residents have yet to return to villages in the Nabatieh district, while others are holding back from returning to Beirut’s southern suburbs despite the truce, citing doubts over its durability.

They said continued exchanges of fire in the south underline the fragility of the ceasefire, warning that relative calm north of the Litani River and deeper inside Lebanon could collapse at any moment. The situation reflects a tense waiting phase rather than real stability.

The crisis is also evident administratively. Civil registry records from Mais al-Jabal have been moved from their temporary location in Nabatieh to the Interior Ministry, a step that entrenches a reality preventing the return of state institutions, mirroring administrative displacement alongside population displacement.

Testimonies cited by Haaretz, quoting Israeli soldiers, described looting of civilian property as a “routine phenomenon,” underscoring the erosion of the social and economic fabric of border villages and reinforcing what sources describe as “silent emptying.”

Diplomacy under strain

Political positions reflect the pressure. Hezbollah lawmaker Hassan Fadlallah said the group wants to respect the ceasefire, but Israel must do the same. MP Hussein Hajj Hassan said the group is no longer bound by the truce and will respond based on its assessment.

Retired brigadier general Naji Malaeb told Asharq Al-Awsat that Hezbollah’s response, described as part of deterrence, falls short given the imbalance of power and risks undermining Lebanon’s diplomatic efforts at a critical time.

He said Lebanon would have been better served by sustaining diplomatic pressure over Israeli violations without military responses, noting that even limited rocket fire weakens Lebanon’s leverage.

Double standards, shrinking leverage

Malaeb said any Hezbollah military action would be framed internationally, particularly by the United States, as a breach of the truce, while Israeli violations are largely overlooked.

That dynamic, he said, erodes Lebanon’s negotiating position as it bets on talks in Washington, turning the conflict into a “war of narratives” shaped by power rather than legal standards.

Focus on securing the truce

Malaeb said Lebanon should prioritize securing a firm ceasefire to allow the army to assert control and ensure its deployment is not obstructed. He said this aligns with the US approach but depends on Israeli compliance, which is uncertain.

He warned that any deal could leave Israel room to act under security pretexts, effectively allowing continued strikes and setting the stage for renewed escalation, with Hezbollah likely to respond.