South Lebanon Caught Between Ali al-Taher and Strait of Hormuz

A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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South Lebanon Caught Between Ali al-Taher and Strait of Hormuz

A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)

These small stones were once walls and roofs that made those beneath them believe they were protected from summer heat, winter cold and treacherous winds.

Under those roofs, mothers held their children close and cooked meals to stave off hunger. Children left for school and grew up under their parents’ eyes, amid their grandparents’ smiles and photographs hanging on the walls.

That was before the hurricane. It is no longer.

These stones were once apartment buildings whose residents imagined they were permanent homes and safe shelters.

A colleague explains the ruins. A gutted, burned apartment means a drone struck it in an assassination operation. A mound of rubble means a fighter jet tore down the building, burying those who failed to escape.

You stare at debris tangled with electricity cables. Here are the remains of a balcony where someone once drank tea and rested after working in a field or garden. There are the remains of beds made for sleep, and perhaps for dreams. A coffee pot has lost its purpose forever. The windows died with their walls.

How difficult it is to live near a man named Benjamin Netanyahu. It became harder after the “Sinwar Flood.”

Destruction is seen at a site bombarded by Israel in southern Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)

A Lebanese army soldier advised us not to go farther. The road leads to Ali al-Taher hill, he said. The occupation has turned it into a killing zone and spares nothing that moves.

In the south, people say the hill, whose outskirts the Israeli army has approached, contains tunnels and operations rooms used by Hezbollah fighters. They say Israel is preparing to seize it as soon as the restraints Donald Trump imposed on its movements begin to loosen.

Ali al-Taher has acquired unusual symbolic importance. Experts believe Israel may be willing to bear the losses required to capture it.

We followed the soldier’s advice and settled for inspecting the city’s wounds, including its commercial markets, which the occupation army had condemned to death, leaving what resembled a mass grave.

Then came a buzzing sound from the sky.

My colleague Thaer Abbas said it was an Israeli drone. It circled overhead as if reminding those below that they lived at its mercy, that it could erase them whenever it chose, monitor their movements and count their breaths.

I had heard drones over Beirut before. But near Ali al-Taher, the sound was like knives moving through arteries.

It reminds those beneath it that the occupation’s reach is long. It reminds them they lost the war.

A building that became rubble (Asharq Al-Awsat)

In Nabatieh, people say that what the city endured, despite its horror, was far less severe than what happened to the border villages now in the Israeli army’s grip.

The Israeli army perfected their complete or near-complete erasure, making the return of residents impossible. It left no roof and no wall. It did not spare the trees or electricity poles.

It is frightening to hear that dozens of border villages now resemble Gaza.

Bodies are said to remain beneath the rubble of crushed villages. Drones strike at bulldozers whenever they try to approach, preventing families from recovering their loved ones and shrouding them with handkerchiefs soaked in tears and handfuls of soil.

How cruel for a homeland to become a grave, or a grave in the making.

A man familiar with the map began listing the villages and what remained of them. He feared another round in which Israeli forces would advance towards Ali al-Taher, perhaps encouraging them to move towards other hills.

Israel’s ambitions in Lebanon, he reminded us, are old, particularly its ambitions over the country’s water.

A visitor may hear that the fate of the “Ali al-Taher Strait” is tied to that of the Strait of Hormuz.

Anyone following events needs no reminder of the Iranian thread linking southern Lebanon to the region’s wider crisis. The issue goes beyond Lebanon’s appearance in the first clause of the US-Iranian memorandum of understanding under the heading of a ceasefire.

Extensive destruction in front of Jabal Amel hospital in southern Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The Iranian connection did not begin with the memorandum. It is deeper and older.

On the road to Tyre and from there to Nabatieh, portraits tell the story: Hassan Nasrallah and his comrades, Khomeini, Khamenei senior with Khamenei junior, and Qassem Soleimani.

There are also portraits of Nabih Berri. We passed near his stronghold in Msayleh, where we had previously visited and interviewed him.

I felt sorrow as I watched Lebanese army soldiers. The Israeli army had destroyed the military’s positions south of the Litani River and killed dozens of its troops.

The army’s story is a tragedy within a country whose story is itself a tragedy.

How difficult it is for an army to be strong in a fragile country, one accompanied by division since its birth and unable to escape it at every major national juncture.

The Lebanese army does not lack competence or courage. What it has always lacked is the firm backing of a unified political decision.

It is repeatedly called upon to carry out difficult missions beyond its capabilities and equipment, without a clear and unambiguous political mandate.

The editor-in-chief in front of the rubble of destroyed buildings (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The story did not begin in recent years.

It began when the late Lebanese army commander, General Emile Boustany, signed the Cairo Agreement with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat.

Lebanon’s authorities were forced to surrender part of the country’s sovereignty to avoid a civil war that would come later.

Lebanon was effectively assigned the role of an open front against Israel while the other fronts fell silent, particularly the Syrian Golan front after the 1973 war.

Southern Lebanon was left suspended on the high-voltage line of military conflict with Israel.

In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon and occupied Beirut. The Lebanese National Resistance Front, known as Jammoul, emerged.

In the mid-1980s, Hafez al-Assad ordered it removed in favor of the “Islamic Resistance” represented by Hezbollah.

The Lebanese-Israeli border was transformed into an Iranian-Israeli border, with the 2006 war becoming one episode in that confrontation.

For decades, Lebanon’s tragedy was marked by collapses and assassinations.

The grave of Kamal Jumblatt. The grave of BaShir Gemayel. The grave of Rene Moawad. The grave of Rafic Hariri.

Everyone who tried to reclaim Lebanese decision-making was beheaded, despite their different positions and methods.

The removal of rubble of destroyed buildings (Asharq Al-Awsat)

On the return journey, I remembered a southerner with whom I had maintained a dialogue for more than three decades.

He was Mohsen Ibrahim, the former secretary-general of the Organization of Communist Action and the Lebanese National Movement.

Ibrahim acknowledged that “the National Movement burdened Lebanon with more than it could bear when it went too far in embracing the Palestinian resistance.”

One day, he surprised me by saying: “Hezbollah is also burdening Lebanon with more than it can bear.”

He spoke years after the assassination of Rafic Hariri and Hezbollah’s military intervention in Syria to save Bashar al-Assad’s government.

On the way back, we saw a UNIFIL convoy leaving, never to return.

The international presence along the Lebanese-Israeli border was sometimes useful but always powerless.

The force operated amid Israeli violations it could not prevent and above Hezbollah tunnels being prepared for the next war, which it could do little but ignore.

Lebanon today faces a predicament more difficult than any it has known.

After the “Sinwar Flood,” Hezbollah chose to enter the battle in “support of Gaza.” After the assassination of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, it chose to wage a war of “revenge.”

The results of both wars can be seen in the occupation of parts of southern Lebanon.

Israel changed its military doctrine after the “Flood.” It no longer accepts living alongside what it calls threats across its borders.

It chose instead to enter the territory of others and establish “safe zones.”

It has clearly decided to remove Lebanon from the military side of its conflict.

That has coincided with international pressure on Lebanon to extend its authority across all its territory through its legitimate forces alone.

That means disarming Hezbollah, or restricting its weapons, as the softer formulation puts it.

Neither Hezbollah nor Iran accepts this.

Hezbollah’s insistence on retaining its weapons has deepened estrangement and prompted talk of other formulas for coexistence, or of a softer form of divorce.

Southern Lebanon hangs from a rope stretching between the situation at “Ali al-Taher” and the conflict in the Strait of Hormuz.

Lebanon itself hangs over a crisis among its constituent communities, threatening to confirm that it lost the war in the south and is preparing to lose it in the capital as well.



Who Are Hezbollah's Remaining Allies in Lebanon?

Hezbollah supporter weeps during a ceremony to mark the second anniversary of the death of party leader Hassan Nasrallah . Nasrallah was killed in a massive Israeli air strike on September 27, 2024. Photo: Marwan Naamani/dpa
Hezbollah supporter weeps during a ceremony to mark the second anniversary of the death of party leader Hassan Nasrallah . Nasrallah was killed in a massive Israeli air strike on September 27, 2024. Photo: Marwan Naamani/dpa
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Who Are Hezbollah's Remaining Allies in Lebanon?

Hezbollah supporter weeps during a ceremony to mark the second anniversary of the death of party leader Hassan Nasrallah . Nasrallah was killed in a massive Israeli air strike on September 27, 2024. Photo: Marwan Naamani/dpa
Hezbollah supporter weeps during a ceremony to mark the second anniversary of the death of party leader Hassan Nasrallah . Nasrallah was killed in a massive Israeli air strike on September 27, 2024. Photo: Marwan Naamani/dpa

The second anniversary of the assassinations of former Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah and Hashem Safieddine exposed a grim reality facing Hezbollah inside Lebanon. It showed that the group has lost its network of domestic allies, as evidenced by the absence, for the first time in two decades, of figures who had been allied with the group before the 2024 war.

Two years after the assassinations, observers closely following the group's situation say Hezbollah is facing not only the challenge of rebuilding its capabilities and reorganizing its ranks, but also the erosion of the network of alliances it built over many years. A number of political forces appear to have reconsidered the value of maintaining ties with the group amid shifts in the balance of power domestically and regionally.

Among its most prominent former allies, the only one to attend the commemoration of Nasrallah was Suleiman Frangieh, head of the Marada Movement, who had been the group's candidate for the presidency before President Joseph Aoun was elected, along with leaders representing the Amal Movement, its partner in the Shiite duo.

Political Cover Unravels

Hezbollah succeeded in building a broad network of political alliances spanning most of Lebanon's sects and denominations after signing the 2006 memorandum of understanding with the Free Patriotic Movement. According to its opponents, this enabled the group to secure "political cover" for retaining its weapons and expanding its influence, eventually entrenching a parallel reality alongside state institutions.

But this network began to gradually unravel after the "Gaza Support" war, alongside the major military setback suffered by Hezbollah and the resulting change in its position within Lebanon's political equation. One of the most prominent signs of this unraveling was the distancing of key allies, foremost among them the Free Patriotic Movement on the Christian political scene, along with the declining presence of its allies among Sunni and Druze forces.

The distancing of Hezbollah's allies is not linked solely to the shift in the balance of power after the war, but also to the political and financial risks that have come to accompany close ties with Hezbollah. This comes amid US sanctions that have already targeted individuals and entities linked to the group or accused of supporting it, as well as threats to expand the sanctions to include other allies and political figures. This has prompted some of the group's allies to reassess their calculations, fearing that their relationship with Hezbollah could turn from a source of political influence into a source of costs and sanctions.

Transactional Alliances

Dr. Hilal Khashan, a professor of political science at the American University of Beirut, said the "cross-sectarian network" the group sought to build after entering politics was essentially "marginal." He noted that "the group long benefited from its military strength to build broad political influence and from presenting itself as a force capable of establishing a balance with Israel."

According to Khashan, the group spent years "entrenching a narrative based on taking the battle to the Galilee and portraying the existence of a military balance with Israel," a narrative that "a large part of the Shiite community believed." But the military strength Hezbollah had amassed, which was considered one of its main sources of influence in the region, "suffered an unprecedented blow during the war, which inevitably affected its political position."

Khashan told Asharq Al-Awsat that Hezbollah had, throughout the past period, "provided political cover for parties and forces in exchange for obtaining cover for its policies and weapons, making many of the alliances closer to transactional alliances and exchanges of interests than to firmly established political or ideological partnerships."

Khashan believes that "the collapse of the balance of power that allowed the group to manage these relationships will make rebuilding its previous network of alliances extremely difficult, particularly as political forces that once saw benefits and political protection in an alliance with it now face a different reality." He expects the Amal Movement, through new figures, to assume leadership of the Shiite community in the coming phase.

Alienation Likely to Increase

Political writer and editor-in-chief of the Janoubia website Ali Al-Amin, for his part, said Hezbollah, which had been "a center of attraction for allies and political patronage for many years, is no longer so today, three years after the start of the Support War. It currently lacks allies and is facing an internal and external siege, a reality that can be readily observed." Al-Amin added: "This was clearly evident at the commemoration of the assassinations of its two former secretaries-general, as most of those who had once competed to sit in the front row were absent."

Al-Amin told Asharq Al-Awsat that "this alienation is likely to increase," noting that "the issue of weapons is another matter related to Hezbollah's role and position, which does not appear to have understood what befell it, the Shiites, and Lebanon as a result of a major catastrophe. It remains committed to its role as an Iranian tool subject to the calculations set by the Supreme Leader from inside Iran."

Al-Amin concluded: "In light of the current political and security circumstances, and with the group continuing to use rhetoric that is at odds with reality and its new facts, it will find no resonance beyond its supporters. Its visits to some political forces have not produced anything that could be described as a restoration of its alliances or friendships. In practical terms, it is trying to climb out of the hole it fell into by falling into more holes, which will deepen its predicament and expose its inability to redefine its existence on the foundations of the state."

He added: "In view of all this, it cannot be expected that the group will repair its fractured alliances. Rather, they will continue to collapse and disappear."


Al-Alimi Announces Start of Full-Scale Military Campaign Against Houthis

Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad Al-Alimi (Saba)
Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad Al-Alimi (Saba)
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Al-Alimi Announces Start of Full-Scale Military Campaign Against Houthis

Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad Al-Alimi (Saba)
Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad Al-Alimi (Saba)

Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad Al-Alimi on Sunday announced the start of military operations to reclaim the remaining territory of the republic and extend the authority of the state and its institutions across the entire country, marking an official transition from a phase of preparation and mobilization to open military action.

In an address to the Yemeni people, Al-Alimi said the decision to begin the operations was taken after the necessary procedures and measures had been completed and based on decisions by the National Defense Council. He said he had instructed the armed forces, security forces, and all military formations to carry out their duties according to approved plans "until the country is liberated from the grip of the terrorist militia."

Al-Alimi justified the decision by saying that opportunities for de-escalation had been exhausted. He said the state had given peace sufficient time and opportunities, while the Houthi group had responded with further mobilization, escalation, attacks, and threats against civilians, national facilities, neighboring countries, and international waterways.

He stressed that the announced battle is not a war against residents of areas under Houthi control, nor against any sect or tribe, but rather "a battle for the state and its citizens and to restore its institutions." He said its objective is to end the seizure of Yemenis' will and political future through the use of force.

Al-Alimi delivered a direct message to residents in Houthi-controlled areas, calling on them to stay away from military positions, gatherings, and supply routes, and to protect their children from being drawn into the fighting. At the same time, he reiterated the state's commitment to the safe return and declared amnesty for those who lay down their weapons and stop fighting alongside the group.

In a message to government forces and the resistance, the chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council stressed that the mission is "not only to reclaim the land, but to restore the state to it." He called for the protection of civilians and property and adherence to the law, stressing that there would be no room for revenge, retaliation, or attacks on innocent people.

Directives to the Government

On the civilian front, Al-Alimi said he had instructed the government to prepare a program of action to run in parallel with the military operations, so that state institutions would begin assuming their responsibilities in areas reclaimed by government forces as they are recovered.

The priorities he outlined include resuming the payment of state employees' salaries and addressing outstanding dues retroactively, launching an urgent recovery and reconstruction program, repairing damaged roads, electricity and water networks, and facilities, and creating conditions for the return of displaced people and the resumption of economic activity.

Al-Alimi said the success of the battle would not be measured by the number of cities reclaimed, but by the number of citizens who regain security, families that return to their homes, and measures that prevent a return to practices of killing, oppression, and depriving the people of their will.

He also reiterated the commitment of the Presidential Leadership Council and the government to the outcome of the Saudi-sponsored south-south dialogue, in a manner that ensures a fair and comprehensive solution to the southern issue. He called on brothers and friends, as well as the international community, to support Yemen, its armed forces, and national institutions, and to support humanitarian and economic efforts and recovery and reconstruction programs.

Al-Alimi concluded by announcing that the state's military, security, and civilian institutions had entered a "state of full mobilization" until the mission was accomplished, stressing that the new phase seeks to restore the state to its territory and institutions and return weapons to their "natural place under the authority of the law."


Houthi Pressure Isolates Taiz from Its Southern Countryside Amid Fierce Resistance

Yemen government soldiers gather near the Jabal Han front, west of the city of Taiz, (Photo by AHMAD AL-BASHA / AFP)
Yemen government soldiers gather near the Jabal Han front, west of the city of Taiz, (Photo by AHMAD AL-BASHA / AFP)
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Houthi Pressure Isolates Taiz from Its Southern Countryside Amid Fierce Resistance

Yemen government soldiers gather near the Jabal Han front, west of the city of Taiz, (Photo by AHMAD AL-BASHA / AFP)
Yemen government soldiers gather near the Jabal Han front, west of the city of Taiz, (Photo by AHMAD AL-BASHA / AFP)

The Iran-aligned Houthi group has deployed its full weight in the southwestern countryside of Taiz to seize the main roads linking the city with its southern rural areas and cut lines of communication toward Lahj province and the city of Aden. Government forces, backed by popular resistance, are meanwhile engaged in fierce fighting to halt the advance, alongside airstrikes targeting the group's reinforcements and military capabilities.

The front has gained particular importance as the Houthis continue to push forces into new areas in southern Taiz. Reports said the group took control on Sunday of the areas of Al-Safiya and Al-Barkani and cut the road linking Al-Turbah, the administrative center of Al-Shamayatayn district in the south, with Taiz city to the north. This would isolate the latter from the liberated areas of Lahj and Aden.

The front nevertheless remains open to intense fighting, amid indications that the Houthis are determined to maintain pressure along this axis. Field sources warned of the risks posed by continued attacks and the need for immediate reinforcements for government forces in the area.

Alongside the fighting in the southwestern countryside, government forces and popular resistance had made gains on several Taiz fronts, regaining control of the areas of Al-Maqarm and Al-Zakira in Al-Shamayatayn district, south of the province, following fierce clashes with the Houthis. The Houthis subsequently regained control of the areas.

Government forces on the southeastern front, with support from fighters from Sama district, also took control of Sama Fort before advancing toward the strategic Jabal Al-Jaasha after securing Jabal Sama Fort.

Sources said the operations resulted in significant human and material losses among the Houthis, including dozens killed or wounded, while a number of the group's militants fled the areas of confrontation. Fighting also continued, according to the same sources, on the Jabal Habashi and Al-Kadaha fronts.

On the Jabal Han and Hadhran front, west of Taiz city, fierce clashes broke out and ended, according to the Taiz Military Axis, with the defeat of the attacking forces and the killing of the Houthi commander who led the attack on government positions at Jabal Han.

257 Operations in One Day

At the same time as the ground fighting, government forces intensified operations against Houthi positions and movements across several fronts.

Yemeni Armed Forces spokesman Colonel Majid Al-Nazili said the forces carried out 257 precision strikes against Houthi positions, movements, and military capabilities using fighter aircraft, drones, artillery, missiles, and rocket launchers.

He said the operations covered Sanaa, Midi in Hajjah, Baqim in Saada, and fronts in Al-Jawf, Marib, Al-Bayda, and Lahj, with the operational focus on the Taiz fronts. He said the targets included command and control centers, gatherings, mobilization sites, combat reserves, as well as weapons and ammunition depots and military supply lines and means of transport.

According to Al-Nazili, the operations resulted, based on preliminary field estimates, in at least 700 Houthi militants being put out of action and the destruction of 170 combat vehicles and military assets. He said this had a direct impact on the group's combat capabilities and limited its ability to continue attacks against civilians in their homes and villages.

The Yemeni Armed Forces had also announced, in a separate development, that they had carried out 97 precision strikes against Houthi military reinforcements on the Tor Al-Baha front and the Taiz axis.

Al-Nazili said the operations involved fighter aircraft, drones, artillery, missiles, and snipers, resulting in 260 group members being put out of action and 44 military vehicles and means of transport and supply being destroyed or disabled.

The air force also announced strikes against Houthi targets in Sanaa and Saada, while the armed forces had earlier announced an attack against Houthi military targets in the capital, Sanaa.

These figures bring Houthi losses to nearly 6,000 killed or wounded over the course of a week, according to successive statements by the Yemeni Armed Forces.

Mobilization and State of Alert

The developments on the ground in Taiz coincided with the government and armed forces moving to a higher level of military mobilization and preparedness.

The Ministry of Defense and the General Staff launched a general mobilization and public call to arms, in implementation of directives from Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad Al-Alimi.

The announcement came during an expanded meeting chaired by Defense Minister Lieutenant General Taher Al-Aqili in Aden. General Staff Chief and Joint Operations Commander Lieutenant General Sagheer bin Aziz participated by video link from Marib, alongside the deputy defense minister, the deputy chief of staff, and heads of military departments and directorates.

Al-Aqili said the ministry had taken practical measures to implement the general mobilization and public call to arms, activate human resources and reserve mobilization channels, organize reception centers, and task the relevant authorities with beginning their assigned duties.

The Yemeni defense minister affirmed that the armed forces were carrying out their duty to defend the country and its sovereignty, defeat the Houthis, and restore state institutions, stressing military discipline and command, the mobilization of resources, and the integration of efforts.

For his part, bin Aziz said the declaration of general mobilization represented a national decision requiring an organized transition to the highest levels of preparedness, the unification of efforts and capabilities, improving the efficiency of the armed forces, and strengthening their ability to carry out their duties.

He stressed the need to complete the inventory of personnel, equipment, and requirements, organize call-up and reinforcement operations, raise levels of discipline and readiness, strengthen training and qualification, and work to build an integrated military and community effort.

Amid the intensifying fighting, the chief of staff held calls with military and field commanders in Taiz, including Major General Yousef Al-Sharaji, a member of the Supreme Military Committee and commander of the Taiz front; Major General Khaled Fadel, commander of the Taiz Military Axis; Major General Abdulaziz Al-Majidi, chief of staff of the axis; and Taiz Resistance Commander Rashid Shamsan.

Bin Aziz received briefings on the course of operations and the field situation across the province's various fronts. He praised the people of Taiz for their support for the armed forces and their initiative to participate in the fighting.

He affirmed that the armed forces across the various fronts and sectors stood alongside the forces fighting in Taiz, praising what he described as the fighters' efficiency and combat capabilities, as well as the performance of the fighter aircraft and drones.