Iraq Reopens One Border Crossing with Iran, Closes Another as It Pursues Mediation

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)
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Iraq Reopens One Border Crossing with Iran, Closes Another as It Pursues Mediation

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein confirmed Tuesday that Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi’s secret visit to Iran was aimed at bringing Tehran and Washington closer together, as Baghdad reopened one border crossing with Iran and announced the temporary closure of another.

Speaking to the Iraqi News Agency (INA) on the sidelines of the Paris Peace Forum, Hussein described the visit as “an attempt to bring the Iranian and American positions closer together, alongside other efforts.”

He stressed Iraq’s interest in easing tensions, citing the economic impact of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and casualties from the US war on Iran.

“We have strong relations with our neighbor Iran, as well as excellent relations with the United States,” Hussein said. “That is why Iraq can play this role, although other countries are also doing so.”

Request for time

A senior Iraqi government official told Asharq Al-Awsat that al-Zaidi had conveyed an American message to Tehran outlining a possible formula for resolving the conflict between the two countries.

The Iranian side, however, requested more time to respond, according to the official.

A source familiar with the visit confirmed to Iran’s Fars News Agency that al-Zaidi had traveled to Tehran last Friday for several hours and met Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Iran’s parliament speaker and head of its negotiating delegation.

The agency reported that talks focused exclusively on Baghdad’s efforts to end the war.

Despite repeated official statements presenting the visit as a mediation effort, a source close to Iraq’s Coordination Framework suggested it might instead have been motivated by domestic concerns.

“Al-Zaidi’s recent policies, particularly the ban on Iranian flights and the closure of some border crossings, have caused considerable harm to Iran,” the source told Asharq Al-Awsat.

The visit may therefore have been intended to explain Baghdad’s position on those measures and avoid angering Tehran, it added.

It pointed to the recent public confrontation between al-Zaidi and Kataib Hezbollah, warning that tensions could lead to a direct clash. Given its influence and close ties with some armed factions, Tehran could help ease the dispute.

Regional role

Ihssan Shmary, an academic and head of the Political Thinking Center, believes al-Zaidi’s visit was primarily part of his efforts to establish a regional diplomatic role through an initiative he had previously presented to US President Donald Trump.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Shmary said that the trip coincided with extensive Arab and regional efforts to reduce tensions and prevent renewed fighting between Washington and Tehran.

He described the trip as an attempt to break the deadlock between the two countries and secure a foreign policy achievement for Iraq.

Nevertheless, he questioned Baghdad’s ability to bring Washington and Tehran to the negotiating table.

“Iraq may be very far from being able to play the role of a country that brings the US and Iran together at a table of understanding,” he cautioned.

Al-Sheeb reopens, Mandali closes

In a separate development, Omar al-Waeli, head of Iraq’s Border Ports Authority, announced Tuesday the reopening of the al-Sheeb crossing with Iran, which had been closed since October 21.

Authorities also decided to temporarily close the Mandali crossing in the Diyala province beginning Friday.

Al-Waeli explained that al-Sheeb would resume operations following completion of the required technical procedures, while Mandali’s closure would allow similar technical requirements to be addressed.

The decisions followed earlier remarks by Foreign Minister Hussein revealing that the US Treasury Department had formally requested Baghdad to close all its border crossings with Iran except two.

Ban on Iranian flights remains in place

Meanwhile, Iran’s Football Federation announced Tuesday that Iraq had refused permission for a direct flight carrying the Iranian national team to land at Basra airport.

The team was scheduled to participate in a friendly tournament alongside Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine.

Iran’s Mehr News Agency quoted the federation as blaming obstacles imposed by the Iraqi government, particularly its refusal to authorize a direct flight to Basra.

As a result, the players traveled to the Iranian city of Abadan, from where they would continue to Basra by road.

An Iraqi Transport Ministry official told Asharq Al-Awsat that Iranian aircraft were permitted to land only at Najaf airport.

The Iranian side had chosen to fly the team to Abadan because it was closer to the stadium in Basra, the official explained.

He confirmed that Iraq remained committed to its ban on Iranian flights landing at Iraqi airports, with Najaf as the sole exception, to avoid US Treasury sanctions.



Iraq Reopens One Border Crossing with Iran, Closes Another as It Pursues Mediation

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)
TT

Iraq Reopens One Border Crossing with Iran, Closes Another as It Pursues Mediation

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi. (INA)

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein confirmed Tuesday that Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi’s secret visit to Iran was aimed at bringing Tehran and Washington closer together, as Baghdad reopened one border crossing with Iran and announced the temporary closure of another.

Speaking to the Iraqi News Agency (INA) on the sidelines of the Paris Peace Forum, Hussein described the visit as “an attempt to bring the Iranian and American positions closer together, alongside other efforts.”

He stressed Iraq’s interest in easing tensions, citing the economic impact of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and casualties from the US war on Iran.

“We have strong relations with our neighbor Iran, as well as excellent relations with the United States,” Hussein said. “That is why Iraq can play this role, although other countries are also doing so.”

Request for time

A senior Iraqi government official told Asharq Al-Awsat that al-Zaidi had conveyed an American message to Tehran outlining a possible formula for resolving the conflict between the two countries.

The Iranian side, however, requested more time to respond, according to the official.

A source familiar with the visit confirmed to Iran’s Fars News Agency that al-Zaidi had traveled to Tehran last Friday for several hours and met Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Iran’s parliament speaker and head of its negotiating delegation.

The agency reported that talks focused exclusively on Baghdad’s efforts to end the war.

Despite repeated official statements presenting the visit as a mediation effort, a source close to Iraq’s Coordination Framework suggested it might instead have been motivated by domestic concerns.

“Al-Zaidi’s recent policies, particularly the ban on Iranian flights and the closure of some border crossings, have caused considerable harm to Iran,” the source told Asharq Al-Awsat.

The visit may therefore have been intended to explain Baghdad’s position on those measures and avoid angering Tehran, it added.

It pointed to the recent public confrontation between al-Zaidi and Kataib Hezbollah, warning that tensions could lead to a direct clash. Given its influence and close ties with some armed factions, Tehran could help ease the dispute.

Regional role

Ihssan Shmary, an academic and head of the Political Thinking Center, believes al-Zaidi’s visit was primarily part of his efforts to establish a regional diplomatic role through an initiative he had previously presented to US President Donald Trump.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Shmary said that the trip coincided with extensive Arab and regional efforts to reduce tensions and prevent renewed fighting between Washington and Tehran.

He described the trip as an attempt to break the deadlock between the two countries and secure a foreign policy achievement for Iraq.

Nevertheless, he questioned Baghdad’s ability to bring Washington and Tehran to the negotiating table.

“Iraq may be very far from being able to play the role of a country that brings the US and Iran together at a table of understanding,” he cautioned.

Al-Sheeb reopens, Mandali closes

In a separate development, Omar al-Waeli, head of Iraq’s Border Ports Authority, announced Tuesday the reopening of the al-Sheeb crossing with Iran, which had been closed since October 21.

Authorities also decided to temporarily close the Mandali crossing in the Diyala province beginning Friday.

Al-Waeli explained that al-Sheeb would resume operations following completion of the required technical procedures, while Mandali’s closure would allow similar technical requirements to be addressed.

The decisions followed earlier remarks by Foreign Minister Hussein revealing that the US Treasury Department had formally requested Baghdad to close all its border crossings with Iran except two.

Ban on Iranian flights remains in place

Meanwhile, Iran’s Football Federation announced Tuesday that Iraq had refused permission for a direct flight carrying the Iranian national team to land at Basra airport.

The team was scheduled to participate in a friendly tournament alongside Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine.

Iran’s Mehr News Agency quoted the federation as blaming obstacles imposed by the Iraqi government, particularly its refusal to authorize a direct flight to Basra.

As a result, the players traveled to the Iranian city of Abadan, from where they would continue to Basra by road.

An Iraqi Transport Ministry official told Asharq Al-Awsat that Iranian aircraft were permitted to land only at Najaf airport.

The Iranian side had chosen to fly the team to Abadan because it was closer to the stadium in Basra, the official explained.

He confirmed that Iraq remained committed to its ban on Iranian flights landing at Iraqi airports, with Najaf as the sole exception, to avoid US Treasury sanctions.


Houthis Target Sanaa Bakeries to Fund War Effort

Houthis shut dozens of bakeries to extort money from owners. (Facebook)
Houthis shut dozens of bakeries to extort money from owners. (Facebook)
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Houthis Target Sanaa Bakeries to Fund War Effort

Houthis shut dozens of bakeries to extort money from owners. (Facebook)
Houthis shut dozens of bakeries to extort money from owners. (Facebook)

Yemen's capital Sanaa is facing a looming bread shortage after the terrorist Houthi militia shut dozens of bakeries in a campaign to extract illegal payments from owners, targeting even charitable bakeries that feed poor families while forcing others to use low-quality flour.

Local sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Houthi-controlled industry and trade authorities had deployed about 12 inspection teams since the middle of last week to raid, shut down and extort money from some 78 bakeries in the Maeen and Al-Wahda districts, citing alleged violations of bread weight regulations.

Bakery owners said the inspections were a pretext to impose more levies and force them to fund the Houthi war effort under threat of closure.

Only 25 of the 78 shuttered bakeries have reopened, after their owners were forced to pay. The rest remain closed and subject to restrictions, fueling fears that the crackdown could spread to other neighborhoods, further disrupting bread production and deepening residents' hardship.

Although Houthi inspection teams said the campaign was aimed at enforcing weight regulations, they also targeted charitable establishments known as "bakeries for the poor," demanding zakat payments despite having no authority to collect the Islamic charitable levy.

The crackdown on charitable bakeries has deprived hundreds of poor and displaced families of bread they once received free or at discounted prices.

Bakery owners in Sanaa told Asharq Al-Awsat that harassment and extortion had intensified, accusing the Houthis of turning bread production into a source of revenue.

The demands include contributions to the war effort under the banner of "supporting the front lines," as well as funding mobilization and recruitment campaigns.

Owners said the mounting costs threatened their ability to stay in business.

Residents reported dwindling bread supplies and visible shortages in several neighborhoods, warning that prolonged closures would hurt more than bakery owners.

The Houthis also face accusations of increasingly exploiting regulatory bodies under their control to squeeze money from the remaining businesses, imposing ever-higher levies instead of policing markets, protecting consumers, improving product quality and keeping prices stable.

The practices threaten one of the most essential staples in Yemeni households, adding to the strain on residents.

Beyond the closures, bakery owners in Sanaa said the Houthis had forced them in recent weeks to buy poor-quality wheat flour, some of it stored for years in warehouses belonging to the Houthi-run Zakat Authority, and mix it with the white flour used to make bread and pastries.

Bakers condemned the orders, saying they showed disregard for potential health risks to consumers.

The measures coincided with a surge in white flour prices, with bags now costing several times their previous prices.

Bakery owners said the mounting levies and restrictions, which threatened to bankrupt them, had left them with little choice but to accept and use the poor-quality flour.

With product quality deteriorating and customer demand falling, workers in the bread industry fear their businesses could collapse.


Debate Intensifies in Syria Over Stalled Kurdish Integration Process

Syria's interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa and Commander of Syrian Kurdish-led forces Mazloum Abdi shake hands, after Syria reached a deal to integrate the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) with state institutions, the Syrian presidency said on Monday, in Damascus, Syria, in this handout released on March 10, 2025. (SANA/Handout via Reuters)
Syria's interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa and Commander of Syrian Kurdish-led forces Mazloum Abdi shake hands, after Syria reached a deal to integrate the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) with state institutions, the Syrian presidency said on Monday, in Damascus, Syria, in this handout released on March 10, 2025. (SANA/Handout via Reuters)
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Debate Intensifies in Syria Over Stalled Kurdish Integration Process

Syria's interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa and Commander of Syrian Kurdish-led forces Mazloum Abdi shake hands, after Syria reached a deal to integrate the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) with state institutions, the Syrian presidency said on Monday, in Damascus, Syria, in this handout released on March 10, 2025. (SANA/Handout via Reuters)
Syria's interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa and Commander of Syrian Kurdish-led forces Mazloum Abdi shake hands, after Syria reached a deal to integrate the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) with state institutions, the Syrian presidency said on Monday, in Damascus, Syria, in this handout released on March 10, 2025. (SANA/Handout via Reuters)

A row over Syria's agreement to integrate Kurdish-led civilian and military institutions into the state has intensified after presidential adviser Mazloum Abdi accused unnamed parties of trying to derail the process.

Abdi's remarks drew a sharp response from local Arab media outlets, which portrayed them as part of an "escalation campaign" by former commanders of the disbanded Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to unravel existing agreements.

The Hasakah Media Center and Hasakah Observatory were among outlets that branded his comments "provocative."

Stoking Kurdish sentiment

Political researcher and Arab tribal elder Mudar Hammad al-Asaad accused some former SDF commanders of exploiting Kurdish sentiment to win over hardliners opposed to integration.

Al-Asaad told Asharq Al-Awsat that the commanders were making statements detached from reality and outside the terms of the agreement, particularly to appeal to the Kurdish Revolutionary Youth.

"Some leaders in Hasakah and Afrin remain affiliated with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and take orders from foreign parties," he said.

Al-Asaad said the Arab community supported integration and an end to divisions in Hasakah and Afrin, noting that most Afrin residents were Arab.

"No one wants the region to descend into tribal or ethnic conflict," he added.

Obstacles to integration

Mohammed Ibish, an official in the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD), acknowledged that obstacles were inevitable but said his party remained committed to integration.

"Some see no benefit in completing the process, but our party is working to see it through and bring the autonomous administration's institutions into state structures," he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

He said some parties failed to grasp the importance of integration and contributing to rebuilding the country, while certain regional players sought to keep Syria unstable.

The PYD recently warned at a general council meeting that some parties were seeking to obstruct integration, while rising hate speech and incitement threatened civil peace.

Afrin force fuels controversy

The dispute intensified after Abdi told Kurdish broadcaster Nuçe TV on Monday evening that a special force for Afrin was undergoing training and would soon formally begin operations.

He also said the Syrian government had agreed to accept the Women's Protection Units (YPJ) as two special counterterrorism forces in the Jazira and Kobani regions.

But how either arrangement would work remains unclear.

Asharq Al-Awsat sought clarification from Syria's Interior Ministry and the presidential team overseeing the agreement, particularly on the YPJ's integration, but received no response.

Al-Asaad said Abdi's remarks about the Afrin force appeared to reinforce a system of ethnic or sectarian quotas.

He said that military or security formations based on ethnic or sectarian identity were unacceptable because the agreement required volunteers from all communities to enlist individually, without discrimination.