Al-Mudaifer to Asharq Al-Awsat: Saudi Phosphate Contributes 25% to Global Food Security

Deputy Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs during his participation in the Future Minerals Forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Deputy Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs during his participation in the Future Minerals Forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Al-Mudaifer to Asharq Al-Awsat: Saudi Phosphate Contributes 25% to Global Food Security

Deputy Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs during his participation in the Future Minerals Forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Deputy Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs during his participation in the Future Minerals Forum (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Deputy Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources for Mining Affairs Eng. Khalid Al-Mudaifer said that the Kingdom’s contribution to global food security is about 25 percent of phosphate fertilizers, which feed nearly a billion people daily in the world.
Saudi Arabia is focusing on exploiting minerals that can build an advanced industry, including phosphate, which is used in manufactured fertilizers, and is interested in purchasing the material from agricultural countries or those seeking to achieve food security.
“We established a mining system and built it from scratch,” Al-Mudaifer told Asharq Al-Awsat, emphasizing efforts to use the Kingdom’s huge wealth to achieve a positive impact on the national economy, as well as reduce the environmental and social effects of mining exploitation.
The Saudi official pointed to the Kingdom’s major projects and strategies, all of which require mining materials such as iron, cement and aluminum, stressing that the sector’s priority was to become a basic enabler of very large industries such as cars and aircraft, at reasonable costs.
He added that one of the goals of Vision 2030 was economic diversification, in terms of oil, mining, industry and tourism, which all contribute to the national economy.
Although Saudi Arabia has entered the mining sector at a late stage, Al-Mudaifer said that the country benefited from previous global experiences to adopt a system that empowers the investor and the environment at the same time and supports the local economy.
In this context, he highlighted the importance of cooperation between countries in this field to support supply chains through increased investments and capacity building, as these two elements are necessary to meet the growing demand for strategic minerals globally.
Al-Mudaifer went on to say that the current production in the world was not sufficient to meet future demand, adding that the mining sector was in urgent need of investments amounting to $5 trillion, to bridge the gap and enhance support for critical minerals, as well as developing infrastructure, services and electric energy production.



How Tiny Lesotho Ended up with the Highest US Tariffs in the World

 Workers perfom their duties at Quantum Apparel factory on the outskirts of Maseru, the capital of Lesotho, the tiny Southern African kingdom that US President Donald Trump ridiculed last month, April 4, 2025. (Reuters)
Workers perfom their duties at Quantum Apparel factory on the outskirts of Maseru, the capital of Lesotho, the tiny Southern African kingdom that US President Donald Trump ridiculed last month, April 4, 2025. (Reuters)
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How Tiny Lesotho Ended up with the Highest US Tariffs in the World

 Workers perfom their duties at Quantum Apparel factory on the outskirts of Maseru, the capital of Lesotho, the tiny Southern African kingdom that US President Donald Trump ridiculed last month, April 4, 2025. (Reuters)
Workers perfom their duties at Quantum Apparel factory on the outskirts of Maseru, the capital of Lesotho, the tiny Southern African kingdom that US President Donald Trump ridiculed last month, April 4, 2025. (Reuters)

If you have ever bought a pair of jeans from an American brand like Levi’s or Wrangler, chances are they were manufactured at a factory in the small southern African nation of Lesotho.

Textile manufacturing is one of Lesotho's key industries, exporting some 75% of its output to the United States.

This is expected to change after US President Donald Trump slapped a 50% tariff on imports from Lesotho, the highest among all countries. According to Trump, Lesotho charges a 99% tariff on US goods, but the government said it doesn't know how the US administration calculated that figure. Government officials did not say Thursday what Lesotho's tariffs on US goods are.

Here is what the high tariffs mean for Lesotho:

A country ‘nobody has ever heard of’

Trump made fun of Lesotho in a speech in March, calling it a nation that “nobody has ever heard of.” Lesotho's foreign minister reminded him that the US has a diplomatic mission there.

Last year, the landlocked kingdom bordered on all sides by South Africa with a population of 2.3 million people, celebrated 200 years of the founding of the Basotho nation and 58 years of independence from British rule.

Its picturesque scenery and mountainous views draw visitors from Africa and across the world, and during winter, Lesotho becomes one of the most sought-after skiing destinations.

What are Lesotho's exports and the economy?

Lesotho does not pay tariffs on exports to Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland since it is a member of regional economic blocs such as the Southern African Customs Union. Main exports include clothing, diamonds, water, power, wool and mohair.

The new tariffs announced by Trump mean that American consumers will pay more for goods made in Lesotho, making them less competitive in the US market.

According to the Office of the US Trade Representative, in 2024, US-Lesotho bilateral trade stood at $240.1 million. Apart from clothing, Lesotho's exports also include diamonds and other goods.

Classified as a lower-middle income country by the World Bank, nearly half of Lesotho's 2.3 million population live below the poverty line, while a quarter are unemployed.

How has Lesotho reacted to tariffs?

Lesotho’s Trade Minister Mokhethi Shelile said his country will be on the prowl for new markets and use the Africa Continental Free Trade Area to increase exports to favorable destinations in Africa.

The government would also urgently send a delegation to the US to negotiate a workable arrangement. Shelile said he's concerned about the possible closure of textile factories, which employ about 12,000 people in Lesotho.