HCI Conference: Preparing a Generation for Tech Challenges

The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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HCI Conference: Preparing a Generation for Tech Challenges

The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The Human Capability Initiative (HCI) conference, held over two days in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, focused on preparing the next generation to tackle modern technologies like artificial intelligence.

Sponsored by Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the event aimed to find sustainable funding for education and strengthen public-private partnerships.

During the conference, Saudi Investment Minister Khalid Al-Falih announced licenses for 450 international investors to set up regional headquarters in the Kingdom.

He highlighted a significant increase in international licenses since the launch of Saudi Arabia’s national transformation plan, “Vision 2030.”

Al-Falih revealed that the number of licenses for international investments in Saudi Arabia has increased from 3,000 at the beginning of the vision to 30,000 business licenses, stressing the Kingdom’s commitment to creating the best conditions for investors to develop skills and learn to enhance innovation and entrepreneurship and to consolidate the growth of the private sector.

Al-Falih also shared plans to double the economy by the end of the decade, with a focus on increasing partnerships with the private sector.

“By the end of this decade, our economy aims to be two and a half times larger than what it was before the beginning of Vision 2030,” said Al-Falih while noting that the private sector’s participation in the economy will jump from 40 % to more than 65 % and the size of the private sector will be four times higher than that of its current size.

He outlined a target of adding over $3 trillion in investments, with a focus on new sectors like digital economy, tourism, finance, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.

Al-Falih emphasized that these investments will create huge opportunities for skill development.

He pointed out that as new sectors like renewable energy and biotechnology emerge, skill gaps will be filled through training, ensuring the Kingdom has a skilled workforce ready for deployment.

Al-Falih pointed out that Vision 2030 is the most comprehensive transformation in the Kingdom’s history.

“We are transforming and developing our economy into a green economy and enhancing the business environment and our international competitiveness,” said the minister.



Iran’s Energy Sector: A Long History of Sanctions and Instability

Abadan oil refinery facility in southwestern Iran (Reuters)
Abadan oil refinery facility in southwestern Iran (Reuters)
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Iran’s Energy Sector: A Long History of Sanctions and Instability

Abadan oil refinery facility in southwestern Iran (Reuters)
Abadan oil refinery facility in southwestern Iran (Reuters)

Israel launched airstrikes on Iran Friday, targeting nuclear facilities, ballistic missile factories, and senior military commanders. The operation, which Israeli officials warned could be “prolonged,” is intended to prevent Tehran from developing nuclear weapons.

Iran’s National Oil Refining and Distribution Company confirmed that its oil refining and storage facilities were not damaged in the attacks. Similarly, the Abadan Oil Refining Company announced it was operating at full capacity with no service disruptions.

Iran is the third-largest oil producer in OPEC, pumping approximately 3.3 million barrels per day, about 3% of global output.

Sanctions and OPEC Role

Iran’s oil production peaked in the 1970s, reaching a record 6 million barrels per day in 1974, more than 10% of global supply at the time, according to OPEC data.

The first US sanctions were imposed on Tehran in 1979, and Iran has since remained under recurring waves of American and European restrictions. In 2018, President Donald Trump withdrew from the nuclear deal and reimposed strict sanctions, sending Iran’s oil exports plummeting—sometimes to near zero.

Under President Joe Biden, however, exports began to climb again. Analysts say enforcement has been less aggressive, and Iran has increasingly succeeded in evading restrictions. It’s also important to note that Iran is exempt from OPEC’s production quotas.

In recent months, Iranian oil exports have surged to around 1.8 million barrels per day—the highest since 2018, fueled by strong demand from China. Beijing does not recognize unilateral sanctions against its trade partners. Private Chinese refineries remain the main buyers of Iranian crude, despite some being targeted by recent US Treasury sanctions. So far, these measures have had limited impact on the flow of Iranian oil to China.

Iran continues to skirt sanctions using tactics like ship-to-ship transfers and by concealing tanker locations.

Production and Infrastructure

Energy consultancy FGE reports that Iran refines around 2.6 million barrels per day of crude and condensates, while exporting an equivalent amount that includes crude, condensates, and refined products. Iran also produces 34 billion cubic feet of natural gas daily - about 7% of global production - all of which is consumed domestically.

Most of Iran’s oil and gas infrastructure is concentrated in the southwest: oil fields in Khuzestan, gas in Bushehr, and condensates from the massive South Pars field. About 90% of crude exports pass through Kharg Island.

While OPEC members theoretically have the capacity to offset a drop in Iranian supply, many are already operating near their limits, placing pressure on the group’s spare production capacity.