Non-Oil Activities Drive Saudi Economic Diversification Efforts

A view of containers at Jeddah Islamic Port on the western coast of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Ports Authority)
A view of containers at Jeddah Islamic Port on the western coast of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Ports Authority)
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Non-Oil Activities Drive Saudi Economic Diversification Efforts

A view of containers at Jeddah Islamic Port on the western coast of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Ports Authority)
A view of containers at Jeddah Islamic Port on the western coast of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Ports Authority)

Non-oil activities are playing an increasingly pivotal role in diversifying Saudi Arabia’s economy, currently contributing 51% to the total real GDP, with expectations to reach 65% by the decade’s end.

This shift aligns with the country's efforts to rely on varied income sources across multiple sectors and enhance human capital development in line with Vision 2030.

Saudi Arabia leads in cleaner hydrocarbon energy production and is a frontrunner in renewable energy sectors such as green hydrogen, solar, wind, and others. Notably, it is establishing the world’s largest green hydrogen production facility with a total investment of $8.4 billion.

Faisal Al-Ibrahim, Saudi Minister of Economy and Planning, highlighted the sustained strong growth of non-oil activities since the inception of Vision 2030, constituting 51% of the real GDP, surpassing the oil sector's contribution.

He emphasized the Kingdom’s achievements and prioritized accelerating economic diversification and enhancing human capital development.

“We are now on the brink of a new economic era that will witness transformative changes in the coming decades,” affirmed Al-Ibrahim.

Experts speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat anticipate non-oil sector participation to rise to approximately 65% by 2030, driven significantly by private sector contributions. They noted significant economic evolution towards income sources beyond oil, such as investments in coastal infrastructure projects.

Dr. Abdullah Al-Jassar, member of the Saudi Energy Economics Association, believes the current 51% contribution of the non-oil sector will increase to about 65% by the decade’s end, bolstered by substantial private sector involvement.

He highlighted Saudi Arabia’s notable economic shift towards relying on non-oil activities as a primary source of growth, propelled by key factors including ambitious Vision 2030 programs aimed at economic diversification and reducing oil dependency.

Massive government investments in infrastructure and developmental projects in non-oil sectors like tourism, particularly between 2015 and 2020, exceeding billions of riyals, significantly accelerated economic diversification and renewable energy sector development.

Al-Jassar pointed out that “tourism leads the forefront of key sectors currently relied upon by the non-oil economy,” growing at an average annual rate of 10%, contributing 10.4% to the GDP according to the Q1 2024 Statistics Authority report.

This also includes sectors like mining, manufacturing, and agriculture.

He expects expanding promising sectors such as biotechnology, artificial intelligence, digital economy, and developing logistics services infrastructure to be crucial for export operations, advancing non-oil activity growth.

Al-Jassar assumes non-oil activities will continue to accelerate in the coming years, given the clear roadmap for diversifying the non-oil economy, alongside emerging opportunities attracting more investments to fund their activities. This will enhance Saudi Arabia's resilience against future economic challenges triggered by oil price fluctuations.

Financial advisor Ahmed Al-Jubeir emphasized Saudi Arabia’s long-term strategy for non-oil economic growth, aiming to enhance society, tackle inflation, and strengthen economic, financial, and monetary policies under Vision 2030.

He noted that this strategy would diversify revenue sources without relying on oil, ensuring the sustained evolution and prosperity of the Saudi economy.

This includes investing in citizens, improving their income by providing employment opportunities for all, solving unemployment and housing issues, and increasing women's participation in the workforce to support human resources.



World Food Prices Dip in October, but Remain Higher Than a Year Ago

A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
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World Food Prices Dip in October, but Remain Higher Than a Year Ago

A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)

World food prices edged lower in October as weaker import demand contributed to monthly declines in cereal, dairy and meat prices, but were still nearly 6% higher than a year earlier, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization said on Friday.

The FAO Food Price Index, which tracks monthly changes in international prices for a basket of food commodities, ‌averaged 133.9 points ‌in October, down from a revised ‌135.6 ⁠in September.

The index ⁠was 5.9% higher than a year earlier, but remained 16.4% below its March 2022 peak.

FAO's cereal price index fell 4.5% from September and was 12.6% lower than a year ago, as wheat and maize quotations declined. Wheat prices eased on weak import demand ⁠and improved production prospects, especially in Argentina.

"Expectations of ‌easing constraints on Black ‌Sea export flows added to the downward pressure on prices, ‌although continued disruptions to Black Sea logistics limited the decline," ‌FAO said in a statement.

Maize prices also eased after reaching a three-year high in September, pressured by the US harvest, expectations of ample supplies in South America and renewed ‌prospects of easing tensions in the Black Sea region.

Vegetable oil prices edged up 0.3%, ⁠as ⁠higher soybean and sunflower oil prices more than offset a fall in rapeseed oil prices.

Sugar prices rose 6.6%, their fourth straight monthly increase, to the highest level since December 2024, after rainfall disrupted harvesting in Brazil. They were now 28.8% above a year ago.

The dairy index fell 1.1%, as lower butter and cheese prices linked to ample supplies and subdued demand outweighed gains in milk powder.

The meat index declined 1.2%, while still slightly above its year-earlier level, as ovine and bovine meat prices fell.


Copper Falls, Set for Worst Week Since March on AI Rout

Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)
Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)
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Copper Falls, Set for Worst Week Since March on AI Rout

Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)
Copper at the Aurubis copper smelting and refining plant in Hamburg, Germany. (Reuters)

Copper dropped on Friday and was set for its biggest weekly drop in London since March, as a rout in technology stocks battered markets.

Benchmark three-month copper on the London Metal Exchange was down 1.3% at $13,663 a metric ton by 0700 GMT. That placed it on track to fall 3.44% in the week, Reuters said.

The most-traded copper contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange fell 1.08% to 106,830 yuan ($16,018.17) a ton.

The weakness reflects worries over AI investment, ‌with copper increasingly ‌influenced by "sentiment towards data center expansion," said ‌Craig ⁠Lang, principal analyst ⁠at CRU.

Technology shares were battered after Democratic wins in the US midterms fueled concerns that new regulatory oversight could cap the AI buildout.

On the other hand, supply constraints cushioned copper's decline.

"I would be cautious about calling this a sustained correction, given ongoing mine supply challenges and exceptionally tight ⁠metal availability outside the US," Lang said.

Copper stocks ‌in SHFE-monitored warehouses <CU-STX-SGH> fell by ‌over 24% this week to just 33,848 tons — the lowest ‌in almost three years. The closely watched Yangshan copper ‌premium <SMM-CUYP-CN>, a gauge of appetite for imports into key consumer China, increased to $210 a ton on Thursday, matching its record high.

Smelters in the country are facing a double squeeze of negative treatment ‌charges and lower sulfuric acid prices.

Meanwhile, warehouse inventories outside the US have been drawn ⁠down as ⁠material was pulled into the country ahead of a potential tariff on imports of refined copper.

"These physical constraints should provide some support against weaker investor sentiment," Lang said.

Among LME metals, aluminium lost 0.54%, zinc lost 1.42%, lead lost 0.45%, nickel dipped 0.23% and tin gained 0.83%.

On the SHFE, aluminium nudged down only 0.04%, zinc lost 1.35%, lead was little changed, down only 0.03%, nickel rose 2.14% and tin dropped 3.45%.

SHFE inventories were down across the board this week, led by sharp drops in aluminium <AL-STX-SGH> and lead <PB-STX-SGH>.


Emerging Economies Set to Match Advanced Nations’ Renewable Capacity Additions, IEA Says

Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
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Emerging Economies Set to Match Advanced Nations’ Renewable Capacity Additions, IEA Says

Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
Workers walk at Kalyon Karapinar solar power plant in Karapinar, Konya province, Türkiye, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)

Emerging ‌and developing economies outside China are expected to add as much new renewable energy capacity as advanced economies for the first time over the next five years, driven by the current energy crisis, the International Energy Agency said on Friday.

Gas and oil prices have soared this year as the US-Iran war disrupts traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a key route for global oil and gas trade.

Global renewable energy ‌capacity is forecast ‌to increase by almost 4,800 gigawatts ‌between ⁠2026 and 2031, ⁠the IEA said in its annual outlook.

Emerging and developing economies are expected to add about 1,100 GW, roughly the same as advanced economies, with China adding around 2,550 GW, the agency said.

Capacity growth in Southeast Asia, Africa and the Middle East is ⁠expected to triple over the period, ‌led mainly by solar installations, ‌the IEA said.

China will remain the biggest contributor to ‌global renewable energy growth, although its share is ‌forecast to fall to 53% by 2031 from 60% in 2025.

India is emerging as the world's second-fastest deployer of renewables and is expected to more than double its contribution ‌to global growth by 2031 to nearly 8.5%.

Grid connection delays remain ⁠a major ⁠challenge, with projects awaiting connections worldwide rising 60% over the past year, equivalent to four times the wind and solar capacity connected to grids during the same period.

Grid constraints are expected to slow growth in advanced economies, with annual additions in Europe through 2031 forecast to remain broadly in line with 2025 levels.

Renewable energy is expected to meet 6% of global transport energy demand by 2031, while higher fuel-blending mandates prompted the IEA to raise its biofuels forecast by 40% from last year's report.