African Leaders in Beijing Eyeing Big Loans and Investment

People pass by signage for the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in Beijing, China, 01 September 2024. (EPA)
People pass by signage for the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in Beijing, China, 01 September 2024. (EPA)
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African Leaders in Beijing Eyeing Big Loans and Investment

People pass by signage for the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in Beijing, China, 01 September 2024. (EPA)
People pass by signage for the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in Beijing, China, 01 September 2024. (EPA)

African leaders descend on China's capital this week, seeking funds for big-ticket infrastructure projects as they eye mounting great power competition over resources and influence on the continent.

China has expanded ties with African nations in the past decade, furnishing them with billions in loans that have helped build infrastructure but also sometimes stoked controversy by saddling countries with huge debts.

China has sent hundreds of thousands of workers to Africa to build its megaprojects, while tapping the continent's vast natural resources including copper, gold, lithium and rare earth minerals.

Beijing has said this week's China-Africa forum will be its largest diplomatic event since the Covid-19 pandemic, with leaders of South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and other nations confirmed to attend and dozens of delegations expected.

African countries were "looking to tap the opportunities in China for growth", Ovigwe Eguegu, a policy analyst at consultancy Development Reimagined, told AFP.

China, the world's number two economy, is Africa's largest trading partner, with bilateral trade hitting $167.8 billion in the first half of this year, according to Chinese state media.

Beijing's loans to African nations last year were their highest in five years, research by the Chinese Loans to Africa Database found. Top borrowers were Angola, Ethiopia, Egypt, Nigeria and Kenya.

But analysts said an economic slowdown in China has made Beijing increasingly reluctant to shell out big sums.

China has also resisted offering debt relief, even as some African nations have struggled to repay their loans -- in some cases being forced to slash spending on vital public services.

Since the last China-Africa forum six years ago, "the world experienced a lot of changes, including Covid, geopolitical tension and now these economic challenges", Tang Xiaoyang of Beijing's Tsinghua University told AFP.

The "old model" of loans for "large infrastructure and very rapid industrialization" is simply no longer feasible, he said.

The continent is a key node in Beijing's Belt and Road Initiative, a massive infrastructure project and central pillar of Xi Jinping's bid to expand China's clout overseas.

The BRI has channeled much-needed investment to African countries for projects like railways, ports and hydroelectric plants.

But critics charge Beijing with saddling nations with debt and funding infrastructure projects that damage the environment.

One project in Kenya, a $5 billion railway -- built with finance from Exim Bank of China -- connects the capital Nairobi with the port city of Mombasa.

But a second phase meant to continue the line to Uganda never materialized, as both countries struggled to repay BRI debts.

In central Africa, Western and Chinese firms are racing to secure access to rare minerals.

The continent has rich deposits of manganese, cobalt, nickel and lithium -- crucial for renewable energy technology.

The Moanda region of Gabon alone contains as much as a quarter of known global reserves of manganese, and South Africa accounts for 37 percent of global output of the metal.

Cobalt mining is dominated by the Democratic Republic of Congo, which accounts for 70 percent of the world total. But in terms of processing, China is the leader, at 50 percent.

Mounting geopolitical tensions between the United States and China, which are clashing over everything from the status of self-ruled Taiwan to trade, also weigh on Africa.

Washington has warned against what it sees as Beijing's malign influence.

In 2022, the White House said China sought to "advance its own narrow commercial and geopolitical interests (and) undermine transparency and openness".

Beijing insists it does not want a new cold war with Washington but rather seeks "win-win" cooperation, promoting development while profiting from boosted trade.

"We do not just give aid, give them help," Tsinghua University's Tang said.

"We are just partners with you while you are developing. We are also benefiting from it."

But analysts fear African nations could be forced to pick sides.

"African countries lack leverage against China," Development Reimagined's Eguegu said.

"Some people... think you can use the US to balance China," he said. "You cannot."



Projects, Agreements Exceeding $48 Billion Expected at Cityscape Global in Riyadh

National Housing Company (NHC) CEO Mohammed Al-Buty speaks at Cityscape Global. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
National Housing Company (NHC) CEO Mohammed Al-Buty speaks at Cityscape Global. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Projects, Agreements Exceeding $48 Billion Expected at Cityscape Global in Riyadh

National Housing Company (NHC) CEO Mohammed Al-Buty speaks at Cityscape Global. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
National Housing Company (NHC) CEO Mohammed Al-Buty speaks at Cityscape Global. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Arabia’s real estate sector is experiencing a surge in growth, marked by record-breaking deals expected at the second annual Cityscape Global 2024, the world’s largest real estate exhibition.

Deals at this year’s event, held in Riyadh, are anticipated to exceed SAR 180 billion ($48 billion), representing an increase of over 50% compared to the previous edition.

According to Majid Al-Hogail, Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing, real estate deals in the Kingdom have reached SAR 630 billion ($168 billion) since the beginning of the year, supporting national economic growth and diversification.

Cityscape, held at the Riyadh Exhibition and Convention Center, showcases Saudi Arabia’s ongoing real estate development and serves as a central platform for innovation and investment. The event is supported by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing, the General Real Estate Authority, and the Housing Program, a key initiative under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.

The number of participants doubled from last year, with over 100 local and 69 international developers taking part, underscoring the strength and global confidence in Saudi Arabia’s real estate market.

Al-Hogail highlighted that Saudi banks have significantly increased real estate financing from SAR 200 billion ($53.3 billion) in 2018 to SAR 800 billion ($213.3 billion) this year, with the market projected to reach SAR 1.3 trillion ($346 billion) by 2030. The Saudi Real Estate Refinance Company has also supported this growth, providing over SAR 37 billion ($9.8 billion) in mortgage refinancing.

In line with this expansion, the Kingdom has seen a rise in homeownership rates, which reached 63.7% at the end of 2023. Over 20 new regulatory measures have been implemented to streamline the market, and more than 60,000 real estate broker licenses have been issued.

Al-Hogail noted that the real estate sector plays a critical role, impacting over 60 economic sectors and positioning Saudi Arabia as a global hub for urban development and sustainable cities of the future.

Supporting these objectives, Cityscape hosted 400 exhibitors from 50 countries and over 100 investors, with an agenda aligned with Vision 2030’s pillars: increasing supply, expanding financing, modernizing regulations, and adopting advanced technology.

The National Housing Company (NHC), represented by CEO Mohammed Al-Buty, unveiled a new brand identity at the event, symbolizing its commitment to creating integrated urban communities that elevate quality of life.

Al-Buty emphasized the company’s role in advancing infrastructure that aligns with Vision 2030’s sustainable development goals, aiming to build vibrant, livable environments with easy access to essential services, green spaces, and commercial areas.

Several significant agreements were also announced. The NHC signed deals worth over SAR 142 billion, while Retal pledged more than SAR 14 billion for four projects in Riyadh and Al Khobar. Mohammed Al-Habib Company revealed its “Enar” residential-commercial project, valued at SAR 5 billion, while Tilal committed SAR 6 billion to a mixed-use project in Al Khobar.

Caden announced a SAR 10 billion project to develop over one million square meters, and Mountain View earmarked SAR 1.2 billion to build 500 villas. Diriyah Gate Company also invested SAR 1 billion for luxury residential and hotel suites, in partnership with brands such as Ritz-Carlton and Raffles.

With the theme “Future of Living,” this year’s Cityscape Global highlights Saudi Arabia’s dynamic real estate sector and the nation’s commitment to transforming urban landscapes and meeting future lifestyle needs.