Saudi Central Bank to Asharq Al-Awsat: Payment Digitization Anchors Kingdom's Global Financial Hub Status

Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
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Saudi Central Bank to Asharq Al-Awsat: Payment Digitization Anchors Kingdom's Global Financial Hub Status

Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)

The Saudi Central Bank is spearheading a comprehensive regulatory and technical initiative to transform the Kingdom’s digital payments landscape, shifting from traditional banking to establishing a global financial hub, opening the sector to regulated foreign investment, and licensing more international electronic payment applications.

The effort forms part of a broader initiative to enhance the competitiveness of the national economy and solidify Saudi Arabia’s position as a regional and global financial hub.

The push includes updating regulatory frameworks, enabling payments companies, e-wallet providers, and foreign-owned exchange houses, as well as expanding the acceptance of international wallets and applications at points of sale and across e-commerce platforms.

The measures are intended to broaden payment options for individuals, visitors, and investors, raise efficiency in the financial sector, and enhance the appeal of the Saudi market to global capital.

Within this framework, Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the central bank’s new strategy aims to create a society that is less dependent on cash while ensuring the highest levels of cybersecurity and consumer protection.

Aldeheem said the central bank continuously analyzes global developments in payments and adapts them to local market needs. Through ongoing cooperation with peer central banks and international organizations, it monitors and evaluates innovations, exploring modern technologies to keep pace with the rapid changes in this vital and sensitive sector, while safeguarding financial stability.

He stated that the central bank is committed to adopting and integrating the latest technologies to deliver advanced and secure financial services that meet user expectations, thereby reinforcing Saudi Arabia’s standing as a leading financial center in the region.

This work aligns with the bank’s strategy to enhance the payments ecosystem by providing secure and reliable core payment services that ensure interoperability and ease of access.

Broad regulatory powers over payments

Aldeheem stated that the Saudi Central Bank is the authority responsible for supervising and overseeing the payments sector, exercising all powers necessary to ensure financial stability, encourage innovation, and protect customers, in accordance with the Payments and Payment Services Law and its executive regulations.

These powers include issuing rules, regulations, and instructions governing payment systems and services, licensing and renewing payment system operators, setting capital, governance, and risk management requirements, classifying systemically important payment systems, overseeing payments infrastructure to ensure efficiency and continuity, obliging providers to safeguard and segregate customer funds and data, and conducting inspections and supervision.

Consumer protection at the core

On consumer protection, Aldeheem said that the central bank prioritizes protecting customers in the financial sector in line with international best practices. Regulatory frameworks require payment service providers to comply with provisions related to framework agreements, including the nature of the service, execution timelines, fees, currencies, and complaint handling.

Rules also cover the safeguarding of protected funds, including holding them in separate accounts at licensed banks. Providers are required to offer effective channels for receiving and resolving complaints fairly and transparently, comply with cybersecurity requirements, and adhere to final settlement rules and default management frameworks to protect customer rights.

The central bank licenses two types of payment activities, electronic wallets and payment services. Aldeheem said 28 companies are currently licensed, including 13 e-wallet providers and 15 payment service companies.

Future of ATMs

Despite the rapid growth of electronic payments, Aldeheem said the central bank closely monitors developments related to automated teller machines.

It has established a regulatory and supervisory framework for ATM networks and set clear rules for banks to ensure effective monitoring, thereby encouraging geographic coverage in line with financial inclusion targets, he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Foreign ownership

Foreign investors can enter the exchange sector by either opening a branch of a foreign company or establishing a local firm. Aldeheem said foreign investors are permitted to own exchange companies in Saudi Arabia with full ownership.

Licenses enable exchange firms to buy and sell foreign currencies, as well as handle imports and exports. He noted that a Saudi company with foreign capital, Global Exchange AS Currency Services Ltd, was licensed in September as part of the sector's regulated opening to foreign investment.

Regulation of buy now, pay later services

Regarding buy-now, pay-later services, Aldeheem stated that the activity is classified as a financing service licensed by the Saudi Central Bank. It provides financing for goods and services without deferred payment costs and, in some cases, covers education or medical expenses, extending beyond traditional consumer finance.

The central bank issued rules governing BNPL companies to protect users, particularly individuals, ensure financing aligns with borrowers’ credit profiles, and safeguard the stability of the sector. The rules were reviewed and updated in November 2024.

Seven companies have been licensed to operate BNPL services, while six others are completing licensing requirements. New financing during the first nine months of 2025 reached about 28 billion riyals ($7.5 billion).

Users aged 25 to 45 accounted for around 67 percent of total financing. Wholesale and retail trade accounted for approximately 70 percent, followed by health services at 9 percent.

Growth in Mada point-of-sale transactions

Aldeheem said transactions processed through the national payments system, Mada, for point-of-sale devices rose 16 percent in 2024 from the previous year, reaching 10.4 billion transactions worth more than 668 billion riyals ($178.1 billion).

The growth coincided with a sharp expansion in POS devices, which exceeded 2.3 million units by the end of October 2025, the highest level on record, reflecting the depth of the shift toward electronic payments in the Saudi market.

Cash and electronic payments

While electronic transactions now account for 79 percent of operations, Aldeheem said the central bank does not aim to eliminate cash entirely. Its objective is to build a society that is less reliant on cash, while maintaining the national currency's acceptance as legal tender.

He stressed that ensuring the availability of all payment options, including cash, supports financial inclusion and serves residents and visitors alike.

Global payment applications

Regarding services such as Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, and Google Pay, Aldeheem explained that the central bank supports new entrants that meet regulatory requirements. Several new electronic payment applications are expected to launch in the near term, supported by interoperable infrastructure that allows seamless use at POS terminals and e-commerce platforms.

Saudi Arabia was among the first countries globally to adopt NFC-based mobile payments, he revealed, adding that the central bank continues to improve user experience while maintaining high security standards.

To facilitate payments for tourists and visitors, the central bank has invested in payments infrastructure for decades, linking global networks including Visa, Mastercard, American Express, UnionPay, Discover, and JCB through the Mada system.

Aldeheem said acceptance of international networks is being expanded in line with growth in tourist numbers. He cited a recent agreement between the Saudi Central Bank and Ant International, which will enable the acceptance of Alipay+ payments via Mada in 2026.

The bank has also worked to reduce the cost of accepting international card payments by reviewing fee structures with payment service providers, banks, and global card networks, supporting competitiveness in sectors such as hospitality and retail.

Unified digital services platform

Aldeheem said the central bank is enhancing its digital channels in line with national digital transformation goals. A unified electronic services portal has been launched, providing over 25 services to individuals, businesses, and government entities.

These include digital government banking services, regulatory sandbox applications, approvals for senior management appointments, ATM licensing, and consumer complaints services.

Digital check clearing and cybersecurity

Among the digital transformation initiatives is electronic check clearing, which processes check data electronically through a central clearing house, enabling settlement within one business day.

On cybersecurity, Aldeheem said requirements are embedded across all digital initiatives, with continuous testing to ensure readiness against evolving threats. National expertise within the central bank plays a key role in monitoring systems and strengthening defenses.

Currency in circulation and counterfeit protection

Addressing the rise in currency in circulation to nearly 250 billion riyals ($66 billion), Aldeheem cited economic growth, higher consumption, increased tourism, and year-round Umrah as key factors contributing to this increase. Cash in circulation accounts for approximately 6 percent of GDP and reflects confidence in the local economy.

Regarding counterfeiting, he stated that the sixth currency issue, printed under Custodian of the Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, incorporates advanced security features.

The central bank has conducted awareness campaigns and training sessions for banks, customs officials, security agencies, and private sector workers to maintain trust in the national currency as a reliable means of payment and savings.



Yanbu Commercial Port Boosts Operational Efficiency by Serving 11 Vessels Simultaneously

The accomplishment builds on the vital role of Yanbu Commercial Port in strengthening Saudi Arabia's maritime transport system. (SPA)
The accomplishment builds on the vital role of Yanbu Commercial Port in strengthening Saudi Arabia's maritime transport system. (SPA)
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Yanbu Commercial Port Boosts Operational Efficiency by Serving 11 Vessels Simultaneously

The accomplishment builds on the vital role of Yanbu Commercial Port in strengthening Saudi Arabia's maritime transport system. (SPA)
The accomplishment builds on the vital role of Yanbu Commercial Port in strengthening Saudi Arabia's maritime transport system. (SPA)

Saudi Arabia’s Yanbu Commercial Port achieved a new operational milestone by successfully serving 11 vessels simultaneously of various sizes and cargo capacities, reflecting the port's high level of operational readiness, reported the Saudi Press Agency on Monday.

The achievement underscores the efficiency of the port's operations and its ability to manage maritime and commercial traffic with a high degree of effectiveness.

It contributes to smoother import and export activities and supports the continuity of supply chains in accordance with the highest operational and logistical standards.

The accomplishment builds on the vital role of Yanbu Commercial Port in strengthening Saudi Arabia's maritime transport system and reinforcing its position as a key logistics hub on the Red Sea coast.

It also supports economic growth and enhances the competitiveness of the maritime and commercial sectors.


IMF Ready to Help Africa Weather Middle East Shock, Says Zeidane

 Workers sort avocados for export to Chinese markets, at the Sunripe fresh fruits exporters factory in Limuru district of Kiambu County near Nairobi, Kenya June 4, 2026. (Reuters)
Workers sort avocados for export to Chinese markets, at the Sunripe fresh fruits exporters factory in Limuru district of Kiambu County near Nairobi, Kenya June 4, 2026. (Reuters)
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IMF Ready to Help Africa Weather Middle East Shock, Says Zeidane

 Workers sort avocados for export to Chinese markets, at the Sunripe fresh fruits exporters factory in Limuru district of Kiambu County near Nairobi, Kenya June 4, 2026. (Reuters)
Workers sort avocados for export to Chinese markets, at the Sunripe fresh fruits exporters factory in Limuru district of Kiambu County near Nairobi, Kenya June 4, 2026. (Reuters)

The International Monetary Fund's new Africa chief, Zeine Zeidane, said that conflict in the Middle East has created difficulties for sub-Saharan Africa but reaffirmed the fund's commitment to aiding nations under economic strain.

Zeidane, who assumed his role as Director of the IMF's African Department on May 1, oversees operations and engagement with 45 countries across the region.

"My immediate priority is really to help countries in ‌the region to weather ‌this shock," Zeidane said at ‌a ⁠media briefing.

The IMF ⁠has already reached staff-level agreements to provide augmented financing in response to the conflict's effects for Burkina Faso, The Gambia and São Tomé and Príncipe.

For Ethiopia, which has a large IMF program in place, Zeidane said the fund accelerated about $200 million ⁠in financing.

Zeidane warned that disruptions linked to ‌the Middle East conflict could ‌take months to resolve, noting that a ceasefire was already ‌in place but that Gulf nations had ‌indicated it typically takes six to seven months for production and exports to resume fully.

He added that the Middle East's role as a significant exporter of fertilizers would have ‌far-reaching implications for Africa's food security and production costs.

Despite immediate challenges, Zeidane expressed ⁠optimism over ⁠sub-Saharan Africa's long-term prospects, noting that prior to the current crisis, the region was among the fastest-growing globally and had made strides in fiscal consolidation.

"The future, the next growth engine for the world, will be Africa," he said. "We need to support Africa to unlock its potential."

Zeidane, who began his IMF career in 2012, previously served as Mauritania's prime minister, central bank governor and economic adviser to the president. He succeeded Abebe Aemro Selassie, who retired from the IMF in May.


The High Cost of Hormuz: $37 Billion Shock Exposes Iraq’s Economic Vulnerability

A drone view shows oil trucks arriving from Iraq on their way to the Baniyas oil terminal, Syria, May 14, 2026.  (Reuters)
A drone view shows oil trucks arriving from Iraq on their way to the Baniyas oil terminal, Syria, May 14, 2026. (Reuters)
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The High Cost of Hormuz: $37 Billion Shock Exposes Iraq’s Economic Vulnerability

A drone view shows oil trucks arriving from Iraq on their way to the Baniyas oil terminal, Syria, May 14, 2026.  (Reuters)
A drone view shows oil trucks arriving from Iraq on their way to the Baniyas oil terminal, Syria, May 14, 2026. (Reuters)

The recent regional war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz have pushed Iraq’s economy into one of its most serious crises in decades. The massive financial losses are more than just another consequence of regional conflict; they have exposed Iraq’s near-total dependence on a single maritime export route.

As Baghdad struggles to finance public-sector salaries through domestic borrowing and the use of foreign-exchange reserves, the crisis has renewed scrutiny of years of poor planning, corruption, and political obstruction of strategic projects, such as the Basra-Aqaba oil pipeline, initiatives that could have provided alternative export routes and a safety net for the country’s most important source of income.

Financial and energy analysts estimate Iraq’s losses at more than $37 billion, a severe blow to an economy that relies overwhelmingly on oil revenues.

The disruption has forced authorities to draw on domestic debt and accumulated reserves to cover monthly salary and pension obligations estimated at roughly $6.5 billion.

Slow recovery

Although the conflict appears to be winding down and the Oil Ministry has expressed optimism about resuming production, energy experts caution that Iraqi oil fields may require months to return to their prewar output levels.

Before the crisis, Iraq produced more than 4.2 million barrels per day, including approximately 3.5 million barrels exported to international markets.

Observers said the consequences extend beyond the immediate financial shock caused by the freezing of oil revenues. The conflict revealed a “dangerous strategic vulnerability”: Iraq’s overwhelming reliance on southern Gulf export terminals and the Strait of Hormuz as the sole outlet for its most valuable resource.

The crisis has also revived debate over decades of mismanagement and inadequate planning in one of the country’s most vital economic sectors.

Oil trucks arrive from Iraq, on their way to the Baniyas oil terminal, in Qamishli, Syria, May 11, 2026. (Reuters)

A single export gateway

Over previous decades, Iraq possessed several overland export routes, including the Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline to Türkiye, the Iraq-Saudi pipeline, and the historic Kirkuk-Haifa and Kirkuk-Baniyas lines. Most have been out of service for years because of wars, political instability, and security challenges.

Successive governments sought to revive export diversification. Among the most significant proposals was the Basra-Aqaba pipeline, championed during the administration of former Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi. The project would transport crude oil from southern Iraq to Jordan’s Red Sea port of Aqaba.

Energy specialists regard it as a strategic asset that could have reduced Iraq’s dependence on Gulf shipping routes. Political disputes and regional pressures, however, prevented its implementation.

Limited alternatives

As the crisis intensified and oil revenues dwindled, Iraq attempted to expand exports through Türkiye, Syria, and Jordan. Energy experts said those efforts achieved only marginal results.

Contrary to reports that Iraq was exporting oil through 700 tanker trucks through Syria, former Oil Ministry spokesman Asim Jihad said exports through Syrian territory amount to no more than 200 tankers per day.

He told Asharq Al-Awsat that Iraq is exporting fuel oil rather than crude oil through Syria to avoid bottlenecks at producing fields.

Such shipments, he added, are operationally complex and generate only limited revenue compared with normal export volumes.

On the northern route, Jihad noted that Iraq exports between 150,000 and 200,000 barrels per day through the Kurdistan Region’s pipeline to the port of Ceyhan in Türkiye.

Meanwhile, the older federal pipeline linking Kirkuk to Ceyhan remains out of service because of extensive damage that has yet to be repaired.

A drone view shows the Rumaila oil field in Basra, Iraq, June 8, 2026. (Reuters)

Jihad expressed little optimism that Iraq can establish major alternative export corridors outside the Gulf in the near future, citing time constraints, high costs, and political complications.

He also voiced uncertainty about negotiations with Ankara over future export agreements through Ceyhan, particularly as existing arrangements are set to expire at the end of July.

“The only option left for Iraq is to hope that no new conflict erupts in the Gulf that would once again close the Strait of Hormuz and deprive the country of its primary source of income,” he added.

Cost of the blockade

The Eco Iraq Observatory estimated that Iraq has lost roughly 350 million barrels of oil exports since the Strait of Hormuz was closed on February 28, representing missed sales worth approximately $37.7 billion at average market prices during the period.

According to the organization, Iraq had been exporting between 103 million and 107 million barrels of crude oil per month before the closure. Export losses reached 84.4 million barrels in March, 93.1 million in April, 92.8 million in May, and 79.6 million in June.

Eco Iraq argued that the “New Levant” initiative — a regional economic integration project involving Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt — has become a strategic necessity.

The plan envisions deeper economic cooperation, infrastructure links, and alternative export routes, including the shipment of Iraqi oil through Jordan to Egyptian ports, reducing dependence on geopolitically vulnerable maritime corridors.