Saudi Central Bank to Asharq Al-Awsat: Payment Digitization Anchors Kingdom's Global Financial Hub Status

Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
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Saudi Central Bank to Asharq Al-Awsat: Payment Digitization Anchors Kingdom's Global Financial Hub Status

Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)
Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank. (Turky Al-Agili)

The Saudi Central Bank is spearheading a comprehensive regulatory and technical initiative to transform the Kingdom’s digital payments landscape, shifting from traditional banking to establishing a global financial hub, opening the sector to regulated foreign investment, and licensing more international electronic payment applications.

The effort forms part of a broader initiative to enhance the competitiveness of the national economy and solidify Saudi Arabia’s position as a regional and global financial hub.

The push includes updating regulatory frameworks, enabling payments companies, e-wallet providers, and foreign-owned exchange houses, as well as expanding the acceptance of international wallets and applications at points of sale and across e-commerce platforms.

The measures are intended to broaden payment options for individuals, visitors, and investors, raise efficiency in the financial sector, and enhance the appeal of the Saudi market to global capital.

Within this framework, Abdulelah Aldeheem, Assistant Governor for Executive Affairs at the Saudi Central Bank, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the central bank’s new strategy aims to create a society that is less dependent on cash while ensuring the highest levels of cybersecurity and consumer protection.

Aldeheem said the central bank continuously analyzes global developments in payments and adapts them to local market needs. Through ongoing cooperation with peer central banks and international organizations, it monitors and evaluates innovations, exploring modern technologies to keep pace with the rapid changes in this vital and sensitive sector, while safeguarding financial stability.

He stated that the central bank is committed to adopting and integrating the latest technologies to deliver advanced and secure financial services that meet user expectations, thereby reinforcing Saudi Arabia’s standing as a leading financial center in the region.

This work aligns with the bank’s strategy to enhance the payments ecosystem by providing secure and reliable core payment services that ensure interoperability and ease of access.

Broad regulatory powers over payments

Aldeheem stated that the Saudi Central Bank is the authority responsible for supervising and overseeing the payments sector, exercising all powers necessary to ensure financial stability, encourage innovation, and protect customers, in accordance with the Payments and Payment Services Law and its executive regulations.

These powers include issuing rules, regulations, and instructions governing payment systems and services, licensing and renewing payment system operators, setting capital, governance, and risk management requirements, classifying systemically important payment systems, overseeing payments infrastructure to ensure efficiency and continuity, obliging providers to safeguard and segregate customer funds and data, and conducting inspections and supervision.

Consumer protection at the core

On consumer protection, Aldeheem said that the central bank prioritizes protecting customers in the financial sector in line with international best practices. Regulatory frameworks require payment service providers to comply with provisions related to framework agreements, including the nature of the service, execution timelines, fees, currencies, and complaint handling.

Rules also cover the safeguarding of protected funds, including holding them in separate accounts at licensed banks. Providers are required to offer effective channels for receiving and resolving complaints fairly and transparently, comply with cybersecurity requirements, and adhere to final settlement rules and default management frameworks to protect customer rights.

The central bank licenses two types of payment activities, electronic wallets and payment services. Aldeheem said 28 companies are currently licensed, including 13 e-wallet providers and 15 payment service companies.

Future of ATMs

Despite the rapid growth of electronic payments, Aldeheem said the central bank closely monitors developments related to automated teller machines.

It has established a regulatory and supervisory framework for ATM networks and set clear rules for banks to ensure effective monitoring, thereby encouraging geographic coverage in line with financial inclusion targets, he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Foreign ownership

Foreign investors can enter the exchange sector by either opening a branch of a foreign company or establishing a local firm. Aldeheem said foreign investors are permitted to own exchange companies in Saudi Arabia with full ownership.

Licenses enable exchange firms to buy and sell foreign currencies, as well as handle imports and exports. He noted that a Saudi company with foreign capital, Global Exchange AS Currency Services Ltd, was licensed in September as part of the sector's regulated opening to foreign investment.

Regulation of buy now, pay later services

Regarding buy-now, pay-later services, Aldeheem stated that the activity is classified as a financing service licensed by the Saudi Central Bank. It provides financing for goods and services without deferred payment costs and, in some cases, covers education or medical expenses, extending beyond traditional consumer finance.

The central bank issued rules governing BNPL companies to protect users, particularly individuals, ensure financing aligns with borrowers’ credit profiles, and safeguard the stability of the sector. The rules were reviewed and updated in November 2024.

Seven companies have been licensed to operate BNPL services, while six others are completing licensing requirements. New financing during the first nine months of 2025 reached about 28 billion riyals ($7.5 billion).

Users aged 25 to 45 accounted for around 67 percent of total financing. Wholesale and retail trade accounted for approximately 70 percent, followed by health services at 9 percent.

Growth in Mada point-of-sale transactions

Aldeheem said transactions processed through the national payments system, Mada, for point-of-sale devices rose 16 percent in 2024 from the previous year, reaching 10.4 billion transactions worth more than 668 billion riyals ($178.1 billion).

The growth coincided with a sharp expansion in POS devices, which exceeded 2.3 million units by the end of October 2025, the highest level on record, reflecting the depth of the shift toward electronic payments in the Saudi market.

Cash and electronic payments

While electronic transactions now account for 79 percent of operations, Aldeheem said the central bank does not aim to eliminate cash entirely. Its objective is to build a society that is less reliant on cash, while maintaining the national currency's acceptance as legal tender.

He stressed that ensuring the availability of all payment options, including cash, supports financial inclusion and serves residents and visitors alike.

Global payment applications

Regarding services such as Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, and Google Pay, Aldeheem explained that the central bank supports new entrants that meet regulatory requirements. Several new electronic payment applications are expected to launch in the near term, supported by interoperable infrastructure that allows seamless use at POS terminals and e-commerce platforms.

Saudi Arabia was among the first countries globally to adopt NFC-based mobile payments, he revealed, adding that the central bank continues to improve user experience while maintaining high security standards.

To facilitate payments for tourists and visitors, the central bank has invested in payments infrastructure for decades, linking global networks including Visa, Mastercard, American Express, UnionPay, Discover, and JCB through the Mada system.

Aldeheem said acceptance of international networks is being expanded in line with growth in tourist numbers. He cited a recent agreement between the Saudi Central Bank and Ant International, which will enable the acceptance of Alipay+ payments via Mada in 2026.

The bank has also worked to reduce the cost of accepting international card payments by reviewing fee structures with payment service providers, banks, and global card networks, supporting competitiveness in sectors such as hospitality and retail.

Unified digital services platform

Aldeheem said the central bank is enhancing its digital channels in line with national digital transformation goals. A unified electronic services portal has been launched, providing over 25 services to individuals, businesses, and government entities.

These include digital government banking services, regulatory sandbox applications, approvals for senior management appointments, ATM licensing, and consumer complaints services.

Digital check clearing and cybersecurity

Among the digital transformation initiatives is electronic check clearing, which processes check data electronically through a central clearing house, enabling settlement within one business day.

On cybersecurity, Aldeheem said requirements are embedded across all digital initiatives, with continuous testing to ensure readiness against evolving threats. National expertise within the central bank plays a key role in monitoring systems and strengthening defenses.

Currency in circulation and counterfeit protection

Addressing the rise in currency in circulation to nearly 250 billion riyals ($66 billion), Aldeheem cited economic growth, higher consumption, increased tourism, and year-round Umrah as key factors contributing to this increase. Cash in circulation accounts for approximately 6 percent of GDP and reflects confidence in the local economy.

Regarding counterfeiting, he stated that the sixth currency issue, printed under Custodian of the Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, incorporates advanced security features.

The central bank has conducted awareness campaigns and training sessions for banks, customs officials, security agencies, and private sector workers to maintain trust in the national currency as a reliable means of payment and savings.



Alphabet's Investment in SpaceX Multiplies 100-Fold to $94 Billion

The letters of the word "Alphabet" on a computer screen featuring a Google search page in an illustration (Reuters)
The letters of the word "Alphabet" on a computer screen featuring a Google search page in an illustration (Reuters)
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Alphabet's Investment in SpaceX Multiplies 100-Fold to $94 Billion

The letters of the word "Alphabet" on a computer screen featuring a Google search page in an illustration (Reuters)
The letters of the word "Alphabet" on a computer screen featuring a Google search page in an illustration (Reuters)

Alphabet's early bet on SpaceX has multiplied more than 100-fold, with the Google parent disclosing a stake worth about $94 billion at the end of June compared with the $900 million investment it said it made in Elon Musk's rocket company in 2015.

Alphabet has emerged as by far the largest single institutional holder of SpaceX following its $86 billion IPO in June, according to a Reuters analysis of quarterly filings made public so far.

The filings shed new light on the scale of positions acquired by SpaceX's backers as the company transitioned from a closely held startup to a publicly traded giant. Together with separate public disclosures on early investments, including Alphabet's, they also highlight how dramatically the value of some early investments in SpaceX has grown.

Because the 13F filing data is compiled once ⁠per quarter and disclosed ⁠within six weeks of quarter-end, the information is dated and will not capture any buying or selling done by these large investors since June 30.

There are other limitations as well, given the vast universe of SpaceX investments and the evolving schedule of when they stand to become eligible to be sold in public markets.

"It's very, very difficult to tease out which of these institutions were holding pre-IPO shares," said Steve Sosnick, market strategist at Interactive Brokers.

Alphabet is an exception because the company publicly disclosed that it invested $900 million in SpaceX ⁠in 2015, providing a rare benchmark against which to compare the value of its current holding.

Alphabet did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Sosnick added that the 13F filings did not reveal investors' lockup status or intentions with respect to realizing profits on pre-IPO positions.

FILE - The SpaceX logo is displayed on a building, May 26, 2020, at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip, File)

Alphabet held 551.2 million SpaceX shares at the end of the second quarter, according to the firm's filing, worth about $94.2 billion at SpaceX's June 30 share price of $170.86.

At Thursday's price, Alphabet's disclosed position would be worth about $77.9 billion, still about 86.5 times the size of Google's original investment. Fidelity Investments was the second-largest reported institutional holder, with 302.6 million SpaceX shares, followed by Gigafund Management with 171.8 million, Baillie Gifford with 51.4 million and BlackRock with 51.0 million.

Alphabet, Fidelity, Gigafund Management, Baillie Gifford and BlackRock, the five largest reported holders in the data, accounted for nearly three quarters ⁠of reported SpaceX ⁠shares, highlighting the concentration of reported institutional ownership among a handful of investors.

Separately, SpaceX said in a regulatory filing that Musk owned a 48.4% stake in the company. SpaceX went public on June 12 at $135 a share. Its shares have since retreated from their end-June level. SpaceX closed at $141.29 on Thursday, 4.7% above its IPO price but 17.3% below the June 30 close.

Sosnick told Reuters that SpaceX remains one of the most actively traded stocks among customers at Interactive Brokers, receiving a "fresh jolt of buying last week when market fears about what would happen when the first lockup expiry arrived proved to be unfounded."

Retail owners of SpaceX shares, who do not have to submit their holdings to the SEC, turned into net sellers of the stock on Friday for the first time since the IPO, according to data from Vanda Research.

The research firm, which tracks the activity of self-directed individual investors, calculated that this group sold a net $4.5 million on that day. SpaceX shares were down 3% on Thursday but have risen 30% since August 5.


Iraqi Daily Oil Exports in August Highest since Start of War

A view across Shatt al-Arab of the 'Bin Omar' oil field north of Basra, Iraq (Reuters)
A view across Shatt al-Arab of the 'Bin Omar' oil field north of Basra, Iraq (Reuters)
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Iraqi Daily Oil Exports in August Highest since Start of War

A view across Shatt al-Arab of the 'Bin Omar' oil field north of Basra, Iraq (Reuters)
A view across Shatt al-Arab of the 'Bin Omar' oil field north of Basra, Iraq (Reuters)

Iraq's average daily oil exports since the beginning of August are the highest since the outbreak of the Middle East war between Iran and the United States, which has choked off the Strait of Hormuz, the oil ministry said Friday.

Iraqi Oil Minister Bassem Mohammed Khudair told a press conference that "exports since the beginning of the month have reached a rate of two million barrels" per day, for a total of around 26 million barrels, saying the daily rate was achieved "for the first time since the crisis began".


Fitch Keeps US at 'AA+', Cites Economic Resilience amid Fiscal Risks

The American flag flies in the National Mall near the Capitol building in Washington (Reuters)
The American flag flies in the National Mall near the Capitol building in Washington (Reuters)
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Fitch Keeps US at 'AA+', Cites Economic Resilience amid Fiscal Risks

The American flag flies in the National Mall near the Capitol building in Washington (Reuters)
The American flag flies in the National Mall near the Capitol building in Washington (Reuters)

Fitch on Thursday affirmed the sovereign credit rating for the United States at "AA+" with a stable outlook, citing its large economy, high per-capita income and the US dollar's status as the world's leading reserve currency.

The US economy remained resilient despite higher tariffs, government spending cuts, tighter border controls and heightened policy uncertainty, reflecting its ability to absorb shocks and economic flexibility, Reuters quoted the credit ratings agency ⁠as saying.

Fitch, however, estimated ⁠economic growth of 1.9% in 2026-2027, lower than the 2.8% in 2025, and noted weakening labor demand and a significant slowdown in job creation this year.

Inflation remains a concern, with the agency expecting it to average 3.4% in ⁠2026, above the Federal Reserve's 2% target. Tariffs have added to core goods inflation, though their impact has been less severe than expected.

Fitch expects the general government deficit to widen to 7.4% of GDP in 2026 and remain at that level in 2027, the highest among "AA"-rated sovereigns.

Higher military and interest costs, along with rising Medicare and Social Security spending, would limit ⁠efforts ⁠to reduce the deficit.

Peer S&P Global also maintained its "AA+" rating on the US in June, citing the economy's resilience and strong institutions.

Fitch had downgraded the US sovereign rating by one notch from the top-tier triple-A rating in 2023, pointing to expected fiscal deterioration and repeated down-to-the-wire debt ceiling negotiations.

Moody's downgraded the US by one notch last year, citing rising debt levels and stripping the country of its last remaining triple-A rating.