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RCU Reaches 1st Comprehensive Description of Human Settlement Sites During Neolithic Age in NW Saudi Arabia

Several experts, including a scientific team from King Saud University, as well as the citizens of AlUla, participated in the preparation of the study. (SPA)
Several experts, including a scientific team from King Saud University, as well as the citizens of AlUla, participated in the preparation of the study. (SPA)
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RCU Reaches 1st Comprehensive Description of Human Settlement Sites During Neolithic Age in NW Saudi Arabia

Several experts, including a scientific team from King Saud University, as well as the citizens of AlUla, participated in the preparation of the study. (SPA)
Several experts, including a scientific team from King Saud University, as well as the citizens of AlUla, participated in the preparation of the study. (SPA)

The Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) announced that a team of archaeologists has reached the first comprehensive description of human settlements in the northwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the Neolithic period.

The achievement was made through a study supervised by the authority, which found evidence indicating that the region's inhabitants in the sixth and fifth millennium BC was more stable and developed than previously thought.

The research showed that the inhabitants of this area were herding cattle, and practicing the jewelry industry, and the business of trade, as their location helped them to engage in their trade with the various neighboring areas such as East Jordan and areas overlooking the Red Sea.

The results of this study were published in the scientific journal "Levant". Contributors included archaeologist Jane McMahon, from the University of Sydney, through a research team supervised by the authority.

The team provided the latest findings and observations on archaeological investigations of structures known as a stone circle; a unique type of dwelling consisting of vertically erected stone slabs with a diameter of four to eight meters.

The study said the stone slabs erected in two rows in the outer circumference of the circle appear to have been used as foundations for wooden columns (possibly Acacia) that were used to support the roof of the dwelling, with a slab in the center of the circle to support the main wooden column.

The tools and animal remains found at the site indicate that the ceilings may have been made of animal skins.

"The research tests hypotheses about how the first inhabitants of the northwest Arabia lived", said McMahon.

She noted that the inhabitants were not just shepherds living simple lives, but had distinctive architecture, dwellings, domesticated animals, ornaments, decorations and various tools.

Based on the number and size of stone circles it is likely that their numbers were enormous and much more than previously thought.

The study also revealed that the types of arrowheads found closely matched those used in southern and eastern Jordan, which is a clear indication of the interaction and interdependence between the inhabitants of the two regions.

Several experts, including a scientific team from King Saud University, as well as the citizens of AlUla, participated in the preparation of the study.

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Wooden Doors: Testament to Aseer's Artistic Heritage

Wooden doors are testament to Aseer's artistic heritage. (SPA)
Wooden doors are testament to Aseer's artistic heritage. (SPA)
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Wooden Doors: Testament to Aseer's Artistic Heritage

Wooden doors are testament to Aseer's artistic heritage. (SPA)
Wooden doors are testament to Aseer's artistic heritage. (SPA)

Researchers in architecture consider intricately decorated wooden doors, which have endured for centuries, as prime examples of the exceptional craftsmanship and artistic depth that have characterized the Arabian Peninsula, particularly the Aseer region.
Traditional decorations on wooden doors and windows have been a hallmark of architecture in the Arabian Peninsula since ancient times. These decorative elements have not only served as a reflection of a carpenter's skill, they have also played a significant role in marketing their work.
In an interview with the Saudi Press Agency, Dr. Ali Marzouq, professor of archaeology and Islamic arts at King Khalid University, emphasized the social significance of this art form. He noted that people derive psychological comfort from beautifying their belongings, and the decorative motifs associated with Islamic architecture, such as engravings and writings on doors and windows, became an integral part of building design, enhancing both functionality and aesthetic appeal.
Researcher Dr. Saleh Abu Arad concurred and highlighted the importance of the "door and window industry" as a skilled craft that relies on the use of local wood and the application of various techniques to create doors and windows of different sizes. These structures are often adorned with beautiful engravings and may include metal accents such as handles or rings.
The type of wood used in door and window construction significantly impacts the final product. The talh tree (red acacia), known for its cohesive fibers, is a preferred material for high-quality doors and intricate decorations. Carpenters have excelled in engraving decorations on both external and internal doors, taking advantage of the talh tree's properties.
Internal wooden doors and windows are often decorated by the housewife or with the help of female relatives and neighbors. These decorations incorporate a variety of geometric, botanical, and symbolic motifs, creating a welcoming atmosphere for guests and visitors.
Aseer region has a rich tradition of skilled carpenters who have mastered the art of creating traditional architecture doors and windows. These craftsmen have demonstrated their expertise in incorporating various geometric and botanical motifs into their designs, drawing inspiration from the surrounding natural world. While they avoid using human or animal figures, they skillfully employ plant, geometric, and symbolic elements to create unique decorative compositions.
Researcher Maryam Al-Omari said that popular artists frequently used geometric shapes, such as triangles and diamond shape, in their door designs. These were often combined in various ways, creating intricate patterns.
Due to the creativity and skill involved in carving and engraving wooden doors, they have become symbols of social status.
Marzouq said that the main door holds significant social importance, reflecting the owner's wealth and status. Elaborately decorated doors made from expensive wood are often found in the houses of wealthy villagers, while simpler doors are more common in the houses of ordinary people.
The tradition of decorating doors continues today, with people often renewing the decorations on their doors to celebrate holidays or special occasions.
In coastal Tihama, some people even plant aromatic plants around their main doors, creating a fragrant entrance.
In 2021, the Ministry of Culture recognized the importance of preserving this heritage and republished the works of the late French professor Thierry Mouget whose extensive photographic documentation of southern Saudi Arabia in the 1980s captured the region's architectural style, historical legacy, social life, and customs. His work sheds light on the rich cultural heritage of the Aseer region.