Two Newly Discovered Bach Organ Works Unveiled in Germany

This handout picture released on November 17, 2025 by the Bach Archive Leipzig shows an employee of the archive holding a print of two long-lost organ pieces written by a teenage Johann Sebastian Bach during a presentation as part of the festival week celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Bach Archive Leipzig at the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. (Jens Schlueter / Bach Archive / AFP)
This handout picture released on November 17, 2025 by the Bach Archive Leipzig shows an employee of the archive holding a print of two long-lost organ pieces written by a teenage Johann Sebastian Bach during a presentation as part of the festival week celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Bach Archive Leipzig at the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. (Jens Schlueter / Bach Archive / AFP)
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Two Newly Discovered Bach Organ Works Unveiled in Germany

This handout picture released on November 17, 2025 by the Bach Archive Leipzig shows an employee of the archive holding a print of two long-lost organ pieces written by a teenage Johann Sebastian Bach during a presentation as part of the festival week celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Bach Archive Leipzig at the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. (Jens Schlueter / Bach Archive / AFP)
This handout picture released on November 17, 2025 by the Bach Archive Leipzig shows an employee of the archive holding a print of two long-lost organ pieces written by a teenage Johann Sebastian Bach during a presentation as part of the festival week celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Bach Archive Leipzig at the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. (Jens Schlueter / Bach Archive / AFP)

Two long-lost organ pieces written by a teenage Johann Sebastian Bach were unveiled in Germany on Monday in a discovery described as a "great moment for the world of music".

The two solo organ works, written while Bach was working as an organ teacher in the town of Arnstadt in Thuringia early in his career, first caught the attention of researchers over 30 years ago.

But it is only now that experts have been able to prove they were written by Bach after finally confirming the identity of the person who penned the manuscripts.

The Chaconne in D minor BWV 1178 and Chaconne in G minor BWV 1179 have been added to the official catalogue of Bach's works as of Monday.

They were also performed for the first time in 320 years at the St Thomas Church in Leipzig, where Bach is buried and served as a cantor for 27 years.

In a press conference before the works were performed, Culture Minister Wolfram Weimer hailed the discovery as a "global sensation" and a "great moment for the world of music".

"This is a source of great joy for many, many music lovers around the world," he said.

Bach researcher Peter Wollny first came across the works in the Royal Library of Belgium in 1992, according to the Bach Archive in Leipzig, which documents and researches the composer's life and work.

The manuscripts were undated and unsigned but are thought to have been written in around 1705, when Bach would have been 18 years old.

Wollny was fascinated by the works from the outset because they contained several characteristics that were unique to Bach during that period.

But the identity of the manuscript writer remained a mystery.

Several years ago, experts came across some very similar handwriting in a letter dating from 1729 written by a former pupil of Bach in Arnstadt, Salomon Guenther John.

But since the letter was written 20 years after the manuscripts and the handwriting was not identical, more evidence was needed.

It was only recently that earlier samples of John's writing were found, from around the same period, providing definitive proof that the handwriting was his.

"I searched for a long time for the missing piece of the puzzle to identify the compositions -- now the whole picture is clear," Wollny said.

"We can now say with certainty that the copies were made around 1705 by Bach's pupil Salomon Guenther John."

Ton Koopman, the Dutch organist and head of the Bach Archive who performed the works on Monday, said they were "of a very high quality".

"When one thinks of the young Bach or Mozart, it is often assumed that genius comes later in life -- but that is not the case," he said.

"I am convinced that organists worldwide will be very grateful for this virtuoso, lively new repertoire and will perform it regularly in future."

Bach was born in Eisenach in central Germany in 1685 and died in 1750.

Founded 75 years ago, the Bach Archive has helped to unearth several previously lost works by the composer.

In 2004, a Bach cantata that had been lost for decades was rediscovered in the papers of Japanese pianist Chieko Hara.



'Talking Drum' Looted by France in 1916 Back in Ivory Coast

A crate containing the Djidji Ayokwe drum, at the airport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (Photo by Issouf SANOGO / AFP)
A crate containing the Djidji Ayokwe drum, at the airport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (Photo by Issouf SANOGO / AFP)
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'Talking Drum' Looted by France in 1916 Back in Ivory Coast

A crate containing the Djidji Ayokwe drum, at the airport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (Photo by Issouf SANOGO / AFP)
A crate containing the Djidji Ayokwe drum, at the airport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (Photo by Issouf SANOGO / AFP)

The Djidji Ayokwe "talking drum", which was looted by French colonial troops in 1916 and taken to France, arrived back in Ivory Coast Friday, in the latest repatriation of stolen artifacts.

The wooden drum, more than three meters (10 feet) long and weighing 430 kilos (950 pounds), was used by the Ebrie tribe to transmit messages.

It was officially handed over on February 20 after France's parliament approved removing the artifact from the national museum collections to enable its return.

Ivory Coast had asked in late 2018 for the return of the Djidji Ayokwe among 148 works of art taken during the colonial period.

It arrived aboard a specially chartered plane at Ivory Coast's main city Abidjan and remained inside a huge wooden crate stamped "fragile", AFP journalists saw.

"It's an historic day and I feel deep emotion," Culture Minister Francoise Remarck said, welcoming its arrival at the airport, where the Ebrie community also sang and played drums.

"We are living a moment of justice and remembrance," the minister added.

French President Emmanuel Macron promised in 2021 to send the drum and other artifacts back home to the west African country.

It is one of hundreds of objects France is preparing to send back to Africa, with the efforts set to be accelerated by the passing of a new law to authorize mass repatriations.

"We are happy and relieved to know that this sacred piece of our culture is back on its native land," Aboussou Guy Georges Mobio, an Ebrie village chief, told AFP.

The drum will initially be held in a "safe space" to allow it to acclimatize, the culture minister said.

It is due to go on display at the Museum of Civilizations in Abidjan which has been specially renovated.

The "talking drum" was used by the Ebrie community to warn of danger, mobilize for war or call villagers to ceremonies.

It was seized by colonial authorities in 1916 before being shipped to France in 1929 and exhibited in Paris.

Senegal and Benin have also asked for the repatriation of their treasures.

In late 2020, the French parliament adopted a law providing for the permanent return to Benin of 26 artifacts from the royal treasures of Dahomey.

The return of cultural artifacts taken from ex-colonies in Africa and elsewhere has become a sensitive issue, with museums, institutions and collectors in Europe and the United States facing pressure to give them back.


Red Sea Fund Launches Second Round to Support Film Projects in Production Stage

File photo of the fifth day of the Red Sea International Film Festival - SPA
File photo of the fifth day of the Red Sea International Film Festival - SPA
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Red Sea Fund Launches Second Round to Support Film Projects in Production Stage

File photo of the fifth day of the Red Sea International Film Festival - SPA
File photo of the fifth day of the Red Sea International Film Festival - SPA

The Red Sea Fund, affiliated with the Red Sea Film Foundation, announced the opening of applications to support film projects in the production stage within the second round of this year’s support program, which will continue until March 21, as part of its efforts to enhance the cinema industry and empower innovators in the region, SPA reported.

The round aims to support promising cinematic voices from the Kingdom and the Arab world, as well as filmmakers from Africa and Asia, through financial grants that help complete film projects and present their creative narratives globally, with a special focus on projects ready to enter production and begin filming.


Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project Restores Historic Al-Jami' Mosque in Tabuk Region

The renovation utilized modern technologies to restore the mosque's original identity - SPA
The renovation utilized modern technologies to restore the mosque's original identity - SPA
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Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project Restores Historic Al-Jami' Mosque in Tabuk Region

The renovation utilized modern technologies to restore the mosque's original identity - SPA
The renovation utilized modern technologies to restore the mosque's original identity - SPA

The Prince Mohammed bin Salman Project for the Development of Historical Mosques has completed the restoration of Al-Jami' Mosque in Duba, Tabuk Region, as part of its mission to preserve the Kingdom's architectural heritage under Vision 2030.

As one of Duba’s oldest landmarks, the mosque is deeply intertwined with the city’s maritime history, traditionally serving as a central meeting point for sailors. Throughout its history, the mosque underwent several construction phases, including significant contributions by King Abdulaziz and King Fahd, before its selection for the current national development project, SPA reported.

The renovation utilized modern technologies to restore the mosque's original identity, increasing its area to 972.23 square meters and its capacity to 779 worshippers. The architectural style is inspired by traditional Red Sea heritage, incorporating natural materials like stone, mud, and wood for intricate mashrabiyas.

Executed by specialized Saudi firms, the project balances traditional standards with sustainability to rehabilitate the site for worship while highlighting its cultural significance. By restoring such landmarks, the project ensures the preservation of the Kingdom’s diverse architectural and social memory for future generations.