Ghandour: Terror List Among 4 Issues to Be Negotiated with Washington

Sudan’s Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour is seen during a meeting with Egypt's Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry (not pictured) in Cairo, Egypt June 3, 2017. REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany
Sudan’s Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour is seen during a meeting with Egypt's Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry (not pictured) in Cairo, Egypt June 3, 2017. REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany
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Ghandour: Terror List Among 4 Issues to Be Negotiated with Washington

Sudan’s Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour is seen during a meeting with Egypt's Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry (not pictured) in Cairo, Egypt June 3, 2017. REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany
Sudan’s Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour is seen during a meeting with Egypt's Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry (not pictured) in Cairo, Egypt June 3, 2017. REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany

Sudanese Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour said that the round of talks between Khartoum and Washington in November would tackle four main issues, including the removal of his country from the list of states sponsoring terrorism, debt forgiveness, the file of the criminal court and Sudan’s entry into international trade, stressing continued Saudi support for Sudanese efforts in this regard.

In an interview with Asharq al-Awsat newspaper, Ghandour highlighted his country’s commitment to defend Yemen’s legitimacy and the security of Saudi Arabia, emphasizing continuous cooperation between the Kingdom and Khartoum on pressing issues.

Asked about the outcome of the recent visit of President Omar al-Bashir to Riyadh, the Sudanese foreign minister said that the two leaders have discussed bilateral relations and issues of mutual interests, especially the situation in the Arab world and Saudi Arabia’s support for efforts to remove Sudan from the list of countries sponsoring terrorism.

On his participation in the Riyadh meeting of foreign ministers and chiefs of staff in the Arab coalition for the support of Yemen’s legitimacy, Ghandour said: “The meeting was very important in terms of timing for consultation and dialogue on many pressing issues, foremost of which is to emphasize the achievement of the coalition’s objective to support legitimacy in Yemen.”

He underlined the need to hold regular meetings at the level of experts and ministers in order to monitor and follow up latest developments and take the appropriate decisions.

Ghandour said he proposed the adoption of a joint media plan to inform the public opinion of the coalition’s objectives and activities and to define it as an international system seeking to achieve security and stability in Yemen.

“At the Sudanese level, we have reaffirmed our commitment to work, within the coalition forces, towards the consolidation of legitimacy in Yemen, and to defend Saudi Arabia against any threat, because Khartoum’s security is the security of Riyadh and vice versa,” he stated.

Asked about the new round of American-Sudanese dialogue, which will kick off in November in Washington, the foreign minister said that four main topics would be tackled, including the removal of Sudan from the list of states sponsoring terrorism.

“Every year, the CIA reiterates that Sudan is the most cooperative country in the fight against terrorism; the CIA director announced on June 15, 2016, via satellite channels, that Sudan does not sponsor terrorism, so America knows that Sudan is not linked to terrorism,” Ghandour stressed.

He added that the other files to be negotiated included debt forgiveness, the criminal court and Sudan’s entry to international trade.

“It is time for Sudan to regain its economic, political and security well-being. It will continue to work towards regaining its normal status on the regional, Arab and international levels, hoping that it would be removed from the list of countries sponsoring terrorism and exempted from its debts, which have exceeded $48 billion,” the Sudanese official said.

When asked how his country could overcome the economic blockade, which has made it lose around $500 billion, Ghandour said: “When some people talk about Sudan’s loss of $500 billion due to the economic blockade, or over $400 billion, according to others, try to imagine how the state, under this great loss and the blockade, was able to withstand the economic situation and to provide the basic necessities for its people.”

The Sudanese foreign minister said his country was determined to complete the privatization project.
He noted in this regard that instead of selling to the private sector, Sudan was seeking to establish joint stock companies, adding however that privatization that took place in the previous phase has achieved a lot of successes in several aspects.

Ghandour stressed that Sudan was the second Arab country after Kuwait to use the mobile phone, thanks to privatization.

“Many might ask how the communication sector could overcome the obstacles of the economic blockade? It was because Siemens was operating in Sudan for a long time, and then Chinese companies such as Huawei and others entered the market. In 2014, Huawei and ZDT faced major pressure,” he said.



Fakhri Karim: My Complaint to Sistani on Corruption Spurred Suggestion of Saddam-Era Minister

Fakhri Karim, senior adviser to late Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, speaks to Asharq Al-Awsat. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Fakhri Karim, senior adviser to late Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, speaks to Asharq Al-Awsat. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Fakhri Karim: My Complaint to Sistani on Corruption Spurred Suggestion of Saddam-Era Minister

Fakhri Karim, senior adviser to late Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, speaks to Asharq Al-Awsat. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Fakhri Karim, senior adviser to late Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, speaks to Asharq Al-Awsat. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

In post-Saddam Hussein Iraq, the prime minister's office gained significant power. It became customary for the prime minister to be Shiite, the president Kurdish, and the speaker of Parliament Sunni.

This power-sharing arrangement, focusing on sectarian representation over institutional structure, has remained strong.

Attempts to break this norm have failed, including when former US President Barack Obama and his Vice President Joe Biden tried to support Ayad Allawi, a Shiite politician, for the presidency. The aim was to keep Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki in power with support from both Washington and Tehran.

Despite Allawi’s parliamentary majority win, he didn’t become president.

Arab states were slow to react to changes in Iraq, allowing Iran to step in. Iran supported the US-created Iraqi Governing Council and sought to bring together Shiite factions to join the political process.

Its influence grew due to its backing of groups that opposed Saddam Hussein. Iran gained a key role in Iraq, effectively having veto power over decisions and a say in forming governments, while also expecting an eventual US military withdrawal.

Fakhri Karim, senior adviser to late Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, said Iran stepped in to fill a vacuum in Iraq, solidifying its role and protecting its interests.

This made Iran’s Quds Force commander Gen. Qassem Soleimani a key figure in Iraq, shaping everything from the reduction of US military presence to the formation of governments.

A foreign power’s influence in a neighboring country grows only if locals accept its role.

Soleimani and deputy leader of Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis were killed in a US strike near Baghdad airport in January 2020.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Karim noted that Soleimani “was dedicated to serving his country’s interests, and the other side should have defended its own role and interests.”

He recalled Soleimani as being “skilled, effective, and able to earn trust, shifting from flexibility to rigidity when needed.”

This was clear in a letter Soleimani sent to Talabani when he considered supporting a no-confidence motion against Maliki’s government.

Karim also mentioned that al-Muhandis was deeply trusted by the Iranian general.

Talabani assigned his senior adviser various missions in Iran, focusing on forming Iraqi governments and relations with Kurdistan.

During a visit to Tehran, Adil Abdul Mahdi, who would later become prime minister, informed Talabani and Karim that “Soleimani’s claim that Iran supports Nouri al-Maliki for prime minister is false.”

“I was told that Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei supports me,” argued Abdul Mahdi at the time.

Talabani felt awkward despite being close to Abdul Mahdi. He asked Karim to visit Tehran, where he met Soleimani and al-Muhandis. Soleimani denied Abdul Mahdi’s claims, saying he could take Karim to the Supreme Leader to hear the truth.

For his part, Karim said the Supreme Council didn’t support al-Maliki and that influential cleric Moqtada al-Sadr’s stance was hardening. Soleimani assured that the Iranians were in contact with al-Sadr and would handle the issue of the Supreme Council.

When Karim returned, he informed Talabani and Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani that the Badr Organization, led by Hadi al-Amiri, had left the Supreme Council to join Maliki, shifting the balance and allowing the formation of a government without the Council’s interference.

Karim remembered that Iran initially supported Ibrahim al-Jaafari for prime minister (2005-2006). However, Jaafari quickly became a burden on the political process and Shiite leaders then signaled the need for change.

The US Ambassador advised Jaafari to resign, threatening him if he didn't comply.

Maliki’s name wasn’t initially considered; Ali al-Adib from the “Dawa” party, of which Maliki was a member, was the favored choice. But Maliki didn’t support Adib, so after deliberations, the party settled on Maliki instead.

Breakfast with Soleimani

Karim remembers a breakfast meeting with Soleimani and al-Muhandis. He brought up Maliki’s performance during his second term and the widespread corruption in Iraq.

Soleimani suggested discussing it further, but Karim insisted the issue was urgent.

He questioned why, if all major Shiite forces agreed, change couldn’t happen. Soleimani indicated that decisions within the Shiite alliance were made by those who remained in it, prompting Karim to ask if Soleimani was implying it was him. Soleimani then replied : “Think what you wish.”

Sadr’s misstep

In the post-Saddam Hussein era, Sadr emerged as a major political force in Iraq. He led a large popular and armed movement.

Dealing with Sadr was challenging for political factions, especially among Shiites. Some disputes even culminated in armed conflicts. Managing Sadr’s influence was difficult both internally and for external interests, especially given his unpredictability.

When asked about Sadr’s decision to quit politics in 2022, Karim called it a major mistake.

He believed Iraq suffered greatly from this move, as it left parliament without any influential Shiite force capable of standing up against decisions not aligned with common goals.

Karim highlighted that filling seats with losing candidates seemed odd and turned the minority into the majority, undermining the constitutional process. He also noted the Shiite community’s fragmentation, with many Shiites not participating in recent elections due to their disenchantment with the political parties.

Karim warned against underestimating the potential for renewed protests and uprisings among the marginalized against the government and ruling powers.

Sistani’s unexpected proposal

When discussing top Shiite Religious Authority in Iraq, Ali al-Sistani, Karim highlighted his political astuteness, surpassing the majority of other Shiite leaders. Sistani’s Friday sermons, delivered by his representatives, reflect this forward-thinking approach.

Karim noted a key observation about Sistani’s mindset. Despite corruption concerns, Sistani surprised Karim by suggesting bringing back the former Minister of Trade for his effectiveness in managing the ration card distribution.

He even proposed considering a Christian minister if they were honest and prioritized the people’s interests.

Furthermore, Sistani emphasized the importance of inclusivity in the new Iraq, advocating for the rights of Sunni and Kurdish components. He rejected marginalization and insisted on their participation and rights.

Sistani’s fatwa and the PMF

Karim believes that Sistani issued a fatwa on “jihad” to rally people against the significant threat posed by ISIS in 2014. He didn’t specifically mention the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) or any other organization but referred to volunteers.

“Many responded to Sistani’s call and made significant sacrifices alongside the armed forces and Peshmerga. Volunteers participated in liberating areas once occupied by the terror group,” said Karim.

Karim further noted that there was a belief that those who made sacrifices had the right to be part of the armed forces and receive state support.

“The idea of integrating militias or military entities into the armed forces is not new,” explained Karim.

“US diplomat Paul Bremer [the first post-invasion governor of Iraq] proposed something similar to factions and organizations under the banner of integration into the army, and steps were taken in this direction,” he added.

“The goal was to eliminate the threat of ISIS, not to create a parallel army or establish another institution.”