Human-Size Penguin Fossils Discovered in New Zealand

A penguin in South Shetland Islands. (AFP / Eitan Abramovich)
A penguin in South Shetland Islands. (AFP / Eitan Abramovich)
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Human-Size Penguin Fossils Discovered in New Zealand

A penguin in South Shetland Islands. (AFP / Eitan Abramovich)
A penguin in South Shetland Islands. (AFP / Eitan Abramovich)

A human-size penguin fossil was discovered in New Zealand. The discovery has changed the thoughts scientists had on the bird’s evolution phases. Alan Tennyson, vertebrate curator at the Museum of New Zealand found the fossil in a 55-60 million-year-old rock on the South Island beach in 2004, the German news agency reported.

However, the excavation of the incomplete bone structure from the rock had to be delayed till the required technology was provided in 2015. Based on the bones’ size, scientists estimated that the penguin would be about 1.65 meters long –like a medium-height man- and would weigh up to 100 kg. The longest penguin at present is the Emperor penguin, which is 1.1 meters long and weighs 23 kilograms.

Tennyson told Radio New Zealand that the fossil has a great global importance because it comes from a period that directly follows dinosaurs’ extinction, and shows that the giant penguins were among the first penguins to exist. "That was not really known before," he added.

"There may be a link, as giant animals such as dinosaurs, non-flying dinosaurs and wild marine animals have all died during this period over 66 million years ago," he said.

"This may had left some space that allowed other organisms like these penguins to grow and fill the empty surfaces" he said.



French Scientists Find New Blood Type in Guadeloupe Woman

A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type. (AFP)
A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type. (AFP)
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French Scientists Find New Blood Type in Guadeloupe Woman

A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type. (AFP)
A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type. (AFP)

A French woman from the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe has been identified as the only known carrier of a new blood type, dubbed "Gwada negative," France's blood supply agency has announced.

The announcement was made 15 years after researchers received a blood sample from a patient who was undergoing routine tests ahead of surgery, the French Blood Establishment (EFS) said on Friday.

"The EFS has just discovered the 48th blood group system in the world!" the agency said in a statement on social network LinkedIn.

"This discovery was officially recognized in early June in Milan by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)."

The scientific association had until now recognized 47 blood group systems.

Thierry Peyrard, a medical biologist at the EFS involved in the discovery, told AFP that a "very unusual" antibody was first found in the patient in 2011.

However, resources at the time did not allow for further research, he added.

Scientists were finally able to unravel the mystery in 2019 thanks to "high-throughput DNA sequencing", which highlighted a genetic mutation, Peyrard said.

The patient, who was 54 at the time and lived in Paris, was undergoing routine tests before surgery when the unknown antibody was detected, Peyrard said.

This woman "is undoubtedly the only known case in the world," said the expert.

"She is the only person in the world who is compatible with herself," he said.

Peyrard said the woman inherited the blood type from her father and mother, who each had the mutated gene.

The name "Gwada negative", which refers to the patient's origins and "sounds good in all languages", has been popular with the experts, said Peyrard.

The ABO blood group system was first discovered in the early 1900s. Thanks to DNA sequencing, the discovery of new blood groups has accelerated in recent years.

Peyrard and colleagues are now hoping to find other people with the same blood group.

"Discovering new blood groups means offering patients with rare blood types a better level of care," the EFS said.