Russia Experiences Record Year in Oil, Gas

The company logo of Russian natural gas producer Gazprom is seen on an advertisement installed on the roof of a building in St. Petersburg, November 14, 2013. REUTERS/Alexander Demianchuk
The company logo of Russian natural gas producer Gazprom is seen on an advertisement installed on the roof of a building in St. Petersburg, November 14, 2013. REUTERS/Alexander Demianchuk
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Russia Experiences Record Year in Oil, Gas

The company logo of Russian natural gas producer Gazprom is seen on an advertisement installed on the roof of a building in St. Petersburg, November 14, 2013. REUTERS/Alexander Demianchuk
The company logo of Russian natural gas producer Gazprom is seen on an advertisement installed on the roof of a building in St. Petersburg, November 14, 2013. REUTERS/Alexander Demianchuk

The year 2017 witnessed record levels in oil and natural gas production and gas exports to Europe, which is the most important market for Russian gas.

Russia's successes have not stopped at this point as the country seeks to become a bigger player in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market and export more crude oil and gas to China, the world's largest energy consumer.

The most important things in the energy sector currently between Russia and China are due to the Russian-Chinese rapprochement, which resulted in more pipelines between them and more crude oil exports, replacing Saudi Arabia as the top exporter to China.

With the beginning of 2018, the two countries doubled China’s ESPO crude import capacity to 30 million tons annually, or about 600,000 barrels a day.

The development of the ESPO crude network will help increase Russia's exports to Asia. The pipeline will directly supply China with oil from eastern Russia as well as a direct pipeline to the Russian port of Kozmino to export ESPO crude via ships to the rest of Asian countries.

Russia exported 54 million metric tons from January till November 2017 to China, 15.5 percent more compared to the same period in 2016.

Saudi Arabia, the world's most committed to cutting global output, remains second with China's imports of Saudi oil this year growing by 0.1 percent.

“Russia's gas exports to Europe and Turkey rose by 8.1 percent to a record high 193.9 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2017,” head of Gazprom Alexei Miller said in a statement on Wednesday, despite EU efforts to cut its reliance on Russian energy.

Gazprom, run by Miller, a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, supplies more than a third of the European Union's gas.

However, the European Commission has called on EU member states to curb their reliance on Russian energy following Moscow's 2014 annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and a clash over gas deliveries between Kiev and Moscow that saw Gazprom cut off supply.

Gazprom said its gas deliveries to its largest customer, Germany, jumped by 7.1 percent to 53.4 bcm last year, a new record high.

To help safeguard its market share, Gazprom has quietly agreed price deals with big customers and caved in to EU rules it once flouted. Gazprom sources said they have drawn lessons from recent defeats on the European gas market.

Lithuania, which began importing LNG from Norway in 2014 and became the first ex-Soviet state to buy US natural gas in August, refused to renew its contract in 2015.

The company faces more trouble, analysts said, as its major long-term contracts expire between 2021 and 2035. Poland, a gas client since 1944, has said it will not renew its contract in 2022.

On the other hand, Russian natural gas production rose to an all-time high in 2017, supported by increased exports to Europe as well as rising domestic demand.

Government data published Tuesday showed that output jumped 7.9 percent to beat a 2011 record.

With plans to expand into China and new liquefied natural gas plants, the country may close the gap on the US, which leapfrogged Russia to the top spot in global production of the fuel nine years ago, according to Bloomberg.

In terms of its production of oil, Russia’s oil output increased to an average 10.98 million barrels a day in 2017, up 0.1 percent from the previous year.



Chile to Restore Global Leadership in Lithium Production

Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)
Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)
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Chile to Restore Global Leadership in Lithium Production

Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)
Aerial view of brine ponds and processing areas of the lithium mine of the Chilean company SQM (Sociedad Quimica Minera) in the Atacama Desert, Calama, Chile, on September 12, 2022. (AFP)

Chile's state-owned copper producer, Codelco, together with Chinese-backed private miner, SQM, announced on Saturday the creation of a giant company to exploit lithium, often referred to as "white gold."

The South American country is the world’s second-largest producer of lithium, a key component of EVs and other clean technologies and has about 40% of the world’s lithium reserves.

The partnership between the firms will allow them to jointly ramp up the exploration of lithium in the Atacama region of northern Chile.

The public-private partnership will be named Nova Andino Litio SpA, said Codelco, which described the agreement as one of the most significant deals in Chilean business history.

The Chinese firm Tianqi holds 22% stake in SQM.

In a statement, Codelco said the new partnership will carry out lithium exploration, extraction, production, and commercialization activities in the Atacama salt flat until 2060.

The agreement was approved by more than 20 national and international regulatory authorities, including those in China, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and the European Union.

Chile was the last of the countries to clear the deal. Last month, China gave the green light to the planned partnership between Codelco and SQM.

The new venture is intended to help Chile regain global leadership in lithium production, a position it lost to Australia nearly a decade ago.

The partnership aims to expand lithium output in the Atacama region, with plans to increase production by around 300,000 tons per year. In 2022, Chile produced 243,100 tons of lithium.

The partnership also aligns with Chile’s National Lithium Strategy, announced in 2023 by the leftist government of President Gabriel Boric, aimed at reclaiming Chile’s global leadership in lithium production.


China's BYD Poised to Overtake Tesla in 2025 EV Sales

The Tesla logo is seen in this illustration taken July 23, 2025. (Reuters)
The Tesla logo is seen in this illustration taken July 23, 2025. (Reuters)
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China's BYD Poised to Overtake Tesla in 2025 EV Sales

The Tesla logo is seen in this illustration taken July 23, 2025. (Reuters)
The Tesla logo is seen in this illustration taken July 23, 2025. (Reuters)

Growing Chinese auto giant BYD stands poised to officially surpass Tesla as the world's biggest electric vehicle company in annual sales.

The two groups are expected soon to publish their final figures for 2025, and based on sales data so far this year, there is almost no chance the American company led by Elon Musk will retain its leadership position.

At the end of November, Shenzhen-based BYD, which also produces hybrid vehicles, had sold 2.07 million EVs so far in 2025.

Tesla, for its part, had sold 1.22 million by the end of September.

Tesla's September figures included a one-time boost in sales, to nearly half-a-million vehicles in a three-month period, before the expiration of a US tax credit for buyers of electric vehicles -- which ended under legislation backed by President Donald Trump, a climate change skeptic.

But Tesla's sales in the coming quarter are expected to fall to 449,000, according to a FactSet analysis consensus. That would give Tesla about 1.65 million sales for all of 2025, a drop of 7.7 percent and well below the level BYD had attained by end November.

Deutsche Bank, which projects just 405,000 Tesla EV sales during the fourth quarter, sees the company's sales down by around one-third in both North America and Europe, and by one-tenth in China.

- Transition period -

Industry watchers say it will take time for EV demand to reach a level of equilibrium in the United States following the elimination of the $7,500 US tax credit at the end of September 2025.

Even prior to that, Tesla had seen sales struggle in key markets over CEO Musk's political support of Trump and other far-right politicians. Tesla has also faced rising EV competition from BYD and other Chinese companies and from European giants.

"We believe Tesla will see some weakness on deliveries" in the fourth quarter, said Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities.

Sales of 420,000 would be "good enough to show stable demand," with Wall Street "laser focused on the autonomous chapter kicking off in 2026," Ives added, referring to plans for self-driving vehicles.

Even as it has grown quickly, BYD has faced challenges in its home market.

With profitability in China weighed down by price-wary consumers, the company has sought to strengthen its foothold in foreign markets.

BYD is "one of the pioneers to establish overseas production capacity and supply chains for EVs," Jing Yang, Director of Asia-Pacific Corporate Ratings at Fitch Ratings, told AFP.

"Going forward, its geographical diversification is likely to help it to navigate an increasingly complicated global tariff environment," said Yang.

Overseas rivals to BYD have balked at Chinese state subsidies and other state supports that have allowed the company to sell vehicles cheaply.

Trump's predecessor Joe Biden imposed 100 percent tariffs on Chinese EV imports that could potentially go even higher under Trump. Europe has also imposed tariffs on Chinese imports, but BYD is building manufacturing capacity in Hungary.

While the chance of Tesla reclaiming its global leadership in EVs looks uncertain, the American company is also potentially positioned for growth.

Michaeli of TD Cowen sees autonomous technology playing an increasingly important role for Tesla, with breakthroughs in its "full self-driving" or "FSD" offerings potentially boosting sales.

"As Tesla really begins to roll out eyes-off features and expand FSDs capability, if they do that successfully, that should generate more demand for their vehicles," Michaeli said.

Musk has said the Cybercab, an autonomous robotaxi model, will begin production in April 2026. The company has also unveiled lower-priced versions of the Models 3 and Y that could boost sales.


China Says to Launch Digital Currency Action Plan

People walk past a shopping mall in Beijing on December 28, 2025. (AFP)
People walk past a shopping mall in Beijing on December 28, 2025. (AFP)
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China Says to Launch Digital Currency Action Plan

People walk past a shopping mall in Beijing on December 28, 2025. (AFP)
People walk past a shopping mall in Beijing on December 28, 2025. (AFP)

China will on January 1 launch an "action plan" for boosting management and operations of its digital currency, a deputy governor of the country's central bank said Monday.

"The future digital yuan will be a modern digital payment and circulation means issued and circulated within the financial system," People's Bank of China (PBoC) Deputy Governor Lu Lei wrote in Financial News, a media outlet under the central bank.

In the next step towards that goal, a "new generation" arrangement for digital yuan will be launched on January 1, Lu said, encompassing a "measurement framework, management system, operating mechanism and ecosystem".

The "action plan" will see banks pay interest on balances held by clients in digital yuan -- a move to incentivize broader adoption of the currency.

The plan also includes a proposal to establish an international digital yuan operations center in the eastern financial hub of Shanghai, the report said.

Monetary authorities around the world have in recent years been exploring ways to digitalize currencies, propelled by a boom in online payments during the pandemic and the increased popularity of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin.

The PBoC has been working on a digital currency since 2014 and has been testing the use of a "digital yuan" or "e-CNY" in various pilot programs.

Consumers across the country already widely use mobile and online payments, but the digital yuan could allow the central bank -- rather than the big tech giants -- access to more data and control over payments.