Voters in Minnesota and Michigan on Tuesday elected a onetime Somali refugee and the daughter of Palestinian immigrants who become the first two Muslim women to reach the US Congress.
Both women -- Ilhan Omar, 37, and Rashida Tlaib, 42 -- are Democrats and outspoken advocates of minority communities that have found themselves in the sights of US President Donald Trump's anti-immigrant policies.
Omar won a House seat in a strongly Democratic district in Minneapolis, Minnesota, succeeding Keith Ellison who was himself the first Muslim ever elected to Congress.
Tlaib's victory was no suprise. She ran unopposed in a congressional district that stretches from Detroit to Dearborn, Michigan.
"I'm Muslim and black," the hijab-wearing Omar said in a recent magazine interview.
"I decided to run because I was one of many people I knew who really wanted to demonstrate what representative democracies are supposed to be," she said.
Omar fled Somalia's civil war with her parents at the age of eight and spent four years at a refugee camp in Kenya.
Her family settled in Minnesota in 1997.
She won a seat in the state's legislature in 2016, becoming the first Somali-American lawmaker in the country.
Before that, she had worked as a community organizer, a policy wonk for city leaders in Minneapolis, and as a leader in her local chapter of the NAACP -- the African-American civil rights group.
She decided to run for Congress after Ellison, who is also black, decided to give up his seat after 12 years in Congress to run for attorney general of Minnesota.
Omar has forged a progressive political identity. She supports free college education, housing for all, and criminal justice reform.
She opposes Trump's restrictive immigration policies, supports a universal health care system, and wants to abolish US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), which has conducted deportation raids.
Rashida Tlaib is the Detroit-born daughter of Palestinian immigrants -- the eldest of 14 children.
A fighter who once heckled Trump during a 2016 campaign stop in Detroit, she says she didn't run to make history as Muslim.
"I ran because of injustices and because of my boys, who are questioning their (Muslim) identity and whether they belong," Tlaib said in a US television interview in August.
"I've never been one to stand on the sidelines."
Like Omar, she blazed a trail through Michigan politics, becoming the first Muslim woman to serve in the Michigan state legislature in 2008.
In August, she emerged as the winner of a Democratic primary for a seat vacated by John Conyers, a longtime liberal lion who stepped down in December amid sexual harassment allegations and failing health.
With no Republican challenger in the race, Tlaib's election on Tuesday became a formality.
The seat she won is in a predominantly African American congressional district with few Muslim voters.
She says her constituents were attracted to her progressive politics, which are the polar opposite of Republicans.
Tlaib has advocated for universal health care, a $15 national minimum wage, union protections, and tuition-free college education.
She linked her campaign to the surge of female political activism in the United States following Trump's stunning 2016 victory, alluding to the millions of women that took to the streets of Washington and major cities across the country after his inauguration.
"Today, women across the country are on the ballot. Yes, we marched outside the Capitol, but now we get to march into the Capitol," she wrote on Twitter on Tuesday. "We are coming!"
