Israel’s Never-Ending Search for Oil in Occupied Golan Heights

Israeli soldiers walk near mobile artillery units near the border with Syria in the Golan Heights January 27, 2015. (Reuters)
Israeli soldiers walk near mobile artillery units near the border with Syria in the Golan Heights January 27, 2015. (Reuters)
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Israel’s Never-Ending Search for Oil in Occupied Golan Heights

Israeli soldiers walk near mobile artillery units near the border with Syria in the Golan Heights January 27, 2015. (Reuters)
Israeli soldiers walk near mobile artillery units near the border with Syria in the Golan Heights January 27, 2015. (Reuters)

Backed by Washington, Israel is spending an arm and a leg on oil drilling in the contested Golan Heights, Syria. Israeli daily, Haaretz, has reported on the recent Washington proclamation of Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights as a key green light for Tel Aviv to move forward with its initiative to secure the large amounts of underground oil and gas wells there.

Golan Heights oil reserves are predicted to be somewhere around one billion oil barrels, which is enough to transform Israel from a self-sufficient start up country to a source of energy by 2020.

Until now, Israel has remained largely dependent on global markets for over 99 percent of its energy consumption needs, importing fuel from Angola, Colombia, Mexico, Egypt, Norway, Russia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. Isolated from most of the region’s gas and oil pipelines, Israel only has access to the East Mediterranean Gas pipeline extending from Egypt’s Arish to Ashkelon, a southern Israeli city. The pipeline is responsible for 40 percent of the country’s gas needs.

The history of oil drilling in Israel
Oil drilling in Palestinian lands dates back to 1914, with the first exploration venture taking place in 1947 by an affiliate of the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC).

Years later, Israel established the Petroleum Unit-- a national resources committee focused on oil management and which operates under its laws and regulations. Since 1953, this body has been monitored by Israel’s Energy and Water Resources Ministry.

The council, more or less, bases its field operations on findings of researches conducted by the country’s Geological Institute, Geophysical Institute, Institute of Technology and prestigious universities. It is also responsible for the management and maintenance of all expert reports and data on oil and natural gas exploration conducted in Israel to date--information that is crucial for companies submitting their bids for approval.

It is worth noting that the Israeli Petroleum Law was enacted in 1952 and works to govern the exploration and production of petroleum onshore and offshore Israel, including the country’s continental shelf. A year later, oil companies rolled in their Vibro-trucks, making their first discovery in 1955. The first field was located in Negev, a large desert region in southern Israel.

In 1957, another oil well sitting under frackable land was discovered in the same area. In total, some 480 onshore and offshore rigs have been set up so far-- however, most of their output is not commercial.

Golan Heights oil reserves
Even though several Jewish rabbis deny the Syrian Golan Heights having any significant biblical importance, some of Israel’s supporters insist otherwise and push the occupation agenda in the contested territory.

Scripture-inspired businessmen believe in the Golan Heights as the right place for their venture, basing their convictions on 17 Torah references interpreted as a sign for the presence of oil there.

For decades, many American investors set out to find oil in the Golan Heights, most without avail. Despite oil explorations dating back as early as 1970 and rapidly growing in the 80s, it wasn’t until January 1990 that the Israeli government went public that it has been authorizing digging for oil in the occupied territory.

It was during that year that the Israeli state granted the Israel National Oil Company a license to look for oil in the Golan Heights. At the time, the Firil Center for Studies had revealed that a shocking $25 million has been spent on looking for oil in the occupied Syrian territory.



Israel’s Retaliatory Responses to Houthis Must Begin by Drawing Intelligence Plan

A person inspects damage at the site where a projectile fired from Yemen landed in Tel Aviv on December 21, 2024 (EPA)
A person inspects damage at the site where a projectile fired from Yemen landed in Tel Aviv on December 21, 2024 (EPA)
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Israel’s Retaliatory Responses to Houthis Must Begin by Drawing Intelligence Plan

A person inspects damage at the site where a projectile fired from Yemen landed in Tel Aviv on December 21, 2024 (EPA)
A person inspects damage at the site where a projectile fired from Yemen landed in Tel Aviv on December 21, 2024 (EPA)

Israel is considering options to respond to repeated attacks fired from Yemen in the past few days, the latest of which was a Houthi missile strike that injured more than a dozen people in Tel Aviv.
But military experts say Israel should first consider an intelligence plan for confronting the new front after it faced significant difficulties in both defending against and responding to the Houthi attacks.
On Saturday morning, Houthis launched a missile that triggered sirens throughout central Israel at 3:44 am. It was the second attack since Thursday.
Israel's military said the projectile landed in Tel Aviv's southern Jaffa area, adding that attempts to intercept a missile from Yemen failed.
“The incident is still being thoroughly investigated,” the army said, adding that following initial investigations by the Israeli Air Force and Home Front Command, “some of the conclusions have already been implemented, both regarding interception and early warning.”
Israeli military experts say the recent Houthi attacks have revealed serious security gaps in Israel's air defense systems.
“The pressing question now is why none of the other of Israel’s air defense layers managed to intercept the warhead,” wrote Yedioth Ahronoth's Ron Ben-Yishai. “The likely explanation is the late detection and the flat trajectory, which prevented the operation of all available defense apparatus.”
He said these incidents might expose a critical vulnerability in the army’s air defense system protecting Israel’s civilian and military home front.
According to Ben-Yishai, two main reasons might explain Saturday’s interception failure.
The first is that the missile was launched in a “flattened” ballistic trajectory, possibly from an unexpected direction.
As a result, Israeli defenses may not have identified it in time, leading to its late discovery and insufficient time for interceptors to operate.
He said the second, and more likely scenario is that Iran has developed a maneuverable warhead.
Such a warhead separates from the missile during the final third of its trajectory and maneuvers mid-flight—executing pre-programmed course changes—to hit its designated target, he wrote.
And while Israel has launched initial investigations into the failure of Israeli defense systems to intercept the missiles, it is now examining the nature, date and location of its response.
When Houthis launched their first missile attack on Israel last Thursday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned them, saying, “The Houthis will learn the hard way.”
But Israeli political analyst Avi Ashkenazi wrote in the Maariv newspaper that Israel should look at reality with open eyes and say out loud that it cannot deal with the Houthi threat from Yemen, and has failed to face them.
Last Thursday, 14 Israeli Air Force fighter jets, alongside refuelers and spy planes, flew some 2,000 kilometers and dropped over 60 munitions on Houthi “military targets” along Yemen’s western coast and near the capital Sanaa.
The targets included fuel and oil depots, two power stations, and eight tugboats used at the Houthi-controlled ports.
But the Maariv newspaper warned about the increasing involvement of Iran in supporting the Houthi forces.
“Iran has invested more in the Houthis in recent weeks following the collapse of the Shiite axis, making the Houthi movement a leader of this axis,” the newspaper noted.
Underscoring the failures of Israel’s air defense systems, Maariv said the “Arrow” missile defense system, Israel's main line of defense against ballistic missiles, had failed four times in a row to intercept missiles, including three launched from Yemen and one from Lebanon.
Yedioth Ahronoth's Ben-Yishai also warned that the threat posed by maneuvering warheads on Iran's heavy, long-range missiles would become existential for Israel should Iran succeed in developing nuclear warheads for these missiles.
Meanwhile, Israel’s Channel 12 said that in recent months, the Middle East has changed beyond recognition.
The channel said that for the first time in more than half a century, a direct and threat-free air corridor has been opened to Iran through the Middle East. Israel will benefit from this corridor to launch almost daily attacks on the border crossings between Syria and Lebanon, it said.
Channel 12 also reported that according to the Israeli military, the new threat-free corridor will help Israel launch a future attack on Iran's nuclear facilities.
“From Israel's perspective, the fall of the Assad regime and the collapse of the Iranian ring of fire are changing the balance of power in the Middle East,” the report added.