Decoding Secret Florence

Beatrice Albrici at her home in Florence, Italy. Her antique store next door, which opened in 1961, features home furnishings to fashion.CreditClara Vannucci for The New York Times
Beatrice Albrici at her home in Florence, Italy. Her antique store next door, which opened in 1961, features home furnishings to fashion.CreditClara Vannucci for The New York Times
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Decoding Secret Florence

Beatrice Albrici at her home in Florence, Italy. Her antique store next door, which opened in 1961, features home furnishings to fashion.CreditClara Vannucci for The New York Times
Beatrice Albrici at her home in Florence, Italy. Her antique store next door, which opened in 1961, features home furnishings to fashion.CreditClara Vannucci for The New York Times

Brick-and-mortar retail is alive and well in the Renaissance city, a true wonderland for shoppers. But to find the best addresses, you need insider tips.

Florence is accustomed to invaders. The French, the Spanish, the Austrians, the British on the Grand Tour and the international tourist hordes in their cargo shorts and Crocs have flowed over this city in waves and yet somehow left its character and soul largely untouched.

So it is perhaps unsurprising that when an influx of nearly 30,000 visitors arrives each June for Pitti Uomo, the world’s largest men's wear trade fair, locals react with a collective shrug.

Those buyers and sellers from 50 countries are in town to trawl the stalls of the more than 1,200 exhibitors in the historic Fortezza da Basso for the hottest, finest and latest in men’s wear. The savviest among them also know to look for finds outside the exhibition halls. That’s because in Florence, unusual in an age of point-and-click shopping, the pleasures of brick-and-mortar are alive and well.

Ask Cristiano Magni, a public relations executive in New York who represents popular Pitti Uomo labels like Pantaloni Torino and L.B.M.1911. On arriving in Florence, Mr. Magni said, he drops his bag at a hotel and sprints to a tiny unnamed shop operated by Domenico Di Mascolo and Paola Pruscini, master barbers who practice their craft in a two-chair shop at the heart of the city. Tidied up and refreshed by a traditional hot-towel shave, he makes his way to Giusto Bespoke, a shop where Luca Giusto makes fine custom shirts in a style the tailor characterizes as a fusion of jaunty Neapolitan taste with the more conservative one of the Florentines.

“In Florence, often what is most extraordinary is the ordinary,’’ Mr. Magni said, referring to the proliferation of shops scattered throughout the city offering not just marbled paper and the artisanal wares for which Florence is justly renowned but also the notions, trimmings, fabric and housewares that have all but vanished in many major Italian cities.

Seemingly only in Florence can you find not one but a competing selection of perfumeries (or “pharmacies’’), each laying claim to being the largest, the oldest, the most esoteric.

“Everybody knows Santa Maria Novella,’’ Mr. Magni said of the centuries-old establishment whose redolent wood-paneled flagship, just steps from the church of the same name, has become a standard stop on tourist itineraries. “But I prefer a newer place called Aquaflor.’’ At that artisanal perfumery customers can consult on customized scents or choose from a selection of ready-made fragrances, tinctures, candles, soaps and colognes with evocative names like Hussar, Belladonna and Zagaria — or, unaccountably, Spleen.

“They also have these perfumes hidden in what they call an armadio dei veleni, or cabinet of poisons, that are inebriating and dangerous,’’ Mr. Magni said.

Wealth has always concentrated in this birthplace of both modern capitalism and the Italian Renaissance, and Pitti Uomo substantially bolsters the coffers in the city, generating nearly $300 million for the local economy over just four days last year, according to a study by Bocconi University in Milan. Yet despite the seasonal migration of large flocks of moneyed peacocks to the city, Florence holds true to its conservative character, shunning most forms of ostentatious display.

“The city is quite subtle and tends to keep itself hidden,’’ said Simon Crompton, a men’s wear blogger and the author of “The Sartorial Travel Guide.’’ And this may account for the serendipitous pleasures to be found in wandering the winding streets of the ancient city.

True, multinational chains, with their garish lighting, generic signage and often monotonous wares, have begun to supplant traditional retailers, including the jewelers whose shops line the Ponte Vecchio, home for centuries to Florence’s goldsmiths. Still, holdouts remain, and it is easy to find places as singular as the Scuola del Cuoio, a leather-working atelier set in a monastic complex in the Santa Croce neighborhood. It was founded after World War II by Franciscan friars, in concert with several local aristocratic families, to teach orphans a practical trade.

“It’s an amazing place to go, this leather school in the middle of a huge basilica,’’ Mr. Crompton said of the academy, where handsome and sturdy hand-sewn leather backpacks, valises, wallets and belts are made and sold beneath the vaults of a structure adorned with frescoes from the 15th-century school of Domenico Ghirlandaio and the Medici coat of arms.

As visitors eventually learn to do, Florentines create mental maps for themselves of shops that are scattered throughout the mazelike center city, places that hew to artisanal traditions or stock products seldom found in any other place.

“If you think of innovation, Florence is not that exciting,’’ said Laudomia Pucci, the deputy chairman and image director of the company founded by her father Emilio, a Florentine marquis. “But if you think of traditions that don’t change rapidly,” she added, her hometown is a wonderland of anachronism and eccentricity.

Among her favorites, she cited the quirky silversmith Pampaloni, the semi-secret jeweler Matassini, the glassmaking workshop of the artisan Paola Locchi and, of course, a farmacia, this one named Farmacia Santissima Annunziata, a storied establishment not far from the Duomo and from her family’s Renaissance palace.

“They have these just incredible, sophisticated products, perfumes, soaps, creams, condensed oils,’’ Ms. Pucci said of a small shop whose sign dates its founding to 1561. “They also have a fragrance I adore that is made with Egyptian geranium leaf.”

“In the end it’s a very unaffected town and one that is not yet dominated by mass-market chains,’’ said Mr. Magni, the public relations executive. “What is rarer, even for Italy, is that you can still find the best quality things there in the most unexpected corners. Honestly, some of the most amazing spots I found just by walking around.’’

The New York Times



An Iconic Puzzle Comes Home as Production of the Rubik’s Cube Returns to Hungary

Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)
Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)
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An Iconic Puzzle Comes Home as Production of the Rubik’s Cube Returns to Hungary

Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)
Hungarian architect and inventor Ernő Rubik attends the opening event of Rubik's Cube production line of the Jasz-Plasztik plastic processing company in Jaszbereny, Hungary, 10 November 2026. (EPA)

More than half a century ago, a Hungarian architect, sculptor and professor invented what would become one of the world's most popular and beloved puzzles whose appeal has spanned generations: the colorful, mind-bending, six-sided Rubik's Cube.

Now, after selling more than half a billion units and becoming a worldwide cultural touchstone, production of the cube is returning to Hungary, where its inventor, Ernő Rubik, first conceived of the iconic object that bears his name.

Hungary “is the home of the cube. The cube was born here,” Rubik, 82, said on Tuesday at the opening of a new, fully automated Rubik's Cube production line in the Hungarian city of Jászberény.

The journey of the Rubik's Cube began in 1974, when Rubik was teaching design at the Academy of Applied Arts and Design in Budapest. Seeking to create a three-dimensional object that was “infinite,” he said, he completed a prototype — then made of wood — of a cube that could rotate on multiple axes and was made up of 27 blocks.

Recognizing its consumer value, Rubik soon began producing more of the puzzles. Beginning in 1977, an initial 5,000 units of what was then called the “Magic Cube” were sold at specialty shops in the Hungarian capital.

The invention — or what Rubik prefers to describe as a “discovery” — gained popularity, and after having difficulties procuring materials for the cubes in then-socialist Hungary, he realized: “We were not prepared for that size of production ... We can’t fulfill the needs of the market worldwide.”

The cube was licensed to a British and then a US toy company, and its production was moved abroad. By the early 1980s, its popularity had exploded in what Rubik called “the first big wave,” in which he said 200 million units were sold between 1980 and 1983.

While sales of the cube dipped after its initial success, it still attracts plenty of users eager to try their hand at solving the puzzle. Millions are sold every year.

At the new production line in Hungary, a series of robotic arms assembles the cubes and tests them for functionality and durability — a level of automation Rubik said was “very different” than in the early days when the cubes were assembled by hand.

The new line in Jászberény plans to produce 1 million cubes annually.

Steve Radewych, a senior vice president with Canadian toy company Spin Master, which owns the Rubik's Cube trademark, said at Tuesday's opening that the theme of the day was: “Back to its roots: The cube comes home.”

“Ernő, your discovery is more than a toy,” Radewych told Rubik. “It's a global social phenomenon.”

Radewych noted the “incredible staying power” of the Rubik's Cube, and the fact that the puzzle continues to hold the fascination of young people even today.

“The cube represents an intellectual journey, a symbol of intelligence, problem-solving and cognitive discipline,” he added, which “has brought joy — and frustration — to many generations.”

The cube has enjoyed another surge in popularity in recent years as global competitions have proliferated, measuring who can solve the puzzle the fastest.

The current record, set only last month in China by nine-year-old Xuanyi Geng, is 2.51 seconds, according to the World Cube Association, which organizes and certifies competitions across the world.

Rubik, who does not consider himself a speed competitor, said that for him, the cube represents a “transformable sculpture,” the place where art and engineering meet and users can manipulate and change the cube in nearly endless variations.

“If you are doing something, creating something, you have the chance to do something that is meaningful — that’s one part — and beautiful,” he said.


SpaceX Starship Test to Attempt First-Ever Spaceship ‘Catch'

SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)
SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)
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SpaceX Starship Test to Attempt First-Ever Spaceship ‘Catch'

SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)
SpaceX's mega rocket Starship is stacked and prepared for a test flight from Starbase, Texas, Thursday, Nov. 12, 2026. (AP)

Elon Musk's SpaceX was poised Friday to carry out its latest test of the world's biggest and most powerful rocket, the Starship, with plans for a groundbreaking "catch" of the spaceship following a day in orbit.

A successful capture of the Starship upper stage would mark a significant milestone in the space industry's decades-long pursuit of fully reusable spacecraft that can drastically reduce mission costs and make frequent travel possible.

"If successful, this will mark the first full recovery of an orbital launch system and a breakthrough moment in making Starship a reliable, rapidly reusable rocket," SpaceX said.

For the 15th Starship test flight Friday, SpaceX aims to recover both stages of the massive 124-meter (407-foot) launch vehicle.

The company has caught the booster, dubbed Super Heavy, on three previous occasions, with the first stage descending vertically back to the launch site shortly after blastoff and nestling into mechanical "chopstick" arms.

It will now attempt to do the same with the spaceship. Some versions of the vessel are designed to launch internet satellites and data centers into orbit, while others will be made to ferry people to the Moon and Mars.

A spacecraft that can be fully reused is the "Holy Grail" of the space industry, said Clayton Swope, an aerospace expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

"No one's really been able to do that so far," he said. "People have been trying to do that since the (NASA) space shuttle. But the space shuttle ended up being kind of a compromise because a lot of the vehicle wasn't reusable."

Reusing the Starship spacecraft would require the vessel to withstand the extreme heat of reentering Earth's atmosphere and then return to service without extensive refurbishment.

- Refueling challenge -

Musk, the world's richest person, has already revolutionized the space sector with the partially reusable Falcon rockets, which are regularly employed to launch satellites and carry astronauts to the International Space Station.

The Starship project, however, has been plagued by years-long delays as SpaceX grapples with novel engineering challenges -- even as NASA is counting on the spaceship to serve as a lunar lander for its Artemis program.

Other technical challenges include transferring fuel to Starship in orbit -- a requirement for any journey to the Moon or Mars.

Following SpaceX's high-profile stock market debut in June, the company carried out the first orbital flight of Starship in September, though the mission was cut short due to an engine issue.

It is also investing heavily in additional launch sites for its mega-rocket in Louisiana and Florida.

- Complex capture -

Friday's launch is scheduled to take place at SpaceX's "Starbase" in southern Texas at 4:45 pm (2245 GMT).

Following liftoff and the mid-air separation of the two stages, SpaceX plans to bring Super Heavy back to Earth six and a half minutes later, catching it at the launch site on the Gulf of Mexico coastline.

The spaceship will continue to reach Earth's orbit, where it will deploy 26 satellites into Musk's Starlink satellite internet constellation that has become a major revenue stream for SpaceX.

It will then circle the planet 14 times, before returning 22 hours later and -- SpaceX hopes -- descending safely into the chopstick arms.

This capture attempt is more complex than that of the booster, as the spaceship will be descending much faster and from a much greater altitude.

SpaceX has said it would proceed with these maneuvers only if conditions are optimal, and in the past has made last-minute changes to test flights under Musk's "fail fast" strategy of learning through crashes, explosions and other mishaps.

As of late Thursday, the US Federal Aviation Administration had not yet given its final approval for the test flight.


Delhi Overtakes Lahore as World’s Most Polluted City as Air Quality Drops

Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)
Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)
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Delhi Overtakes Lahore as World’s Most Polluted City as Air Quality Drops

Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)
Traffic moves on a smoggy morning as air pollution spikes in New Delhi, India, November 13, 2026. (Reuters)

India's capital Delhi overtook Lahore in Pakistan to become the world's most polluted city on Friday, with air quality reaching hazardous levels and visibility dropping as smog blanketed the city of 20 million people.

Air quality index (AQI) in Delhi was "hazardous" at 334, making ‌it the ‌most polluted global major ‌city, ⁠according to Swiss group ⁠IQAir, which measures air quality levels based on the concentration of toxins.

An AQI reading up to 50 is considered good with little or no ⁠health risk.

India's official ‌Central Pollution ‌Control Board pegged the AQI higher at ‌403 and rated it "severe".

The ‌Swiss and Indian readings vary due to the different AQI scales and methodologies used to calculate and ‌classify air pollution levels.

Cars and motorcycles emerged from dense ⁠smog, ⁠which also appeared to obscure streetlights on the city's main roads, videos from news agency ANI showed.

Pollution is a seasonal problem in many parts of northern India and neighboring Pakistan, as the cold, heavy air of winter traps vehicle emissions, construction dust and smoke from agricultural burning.