Deadlocked Nile Dam Talks Revive Other Scenarios

In this June 28, 2013 file photo, construction work takes place at the site of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam near Assosa, Ethiopia. (Elias Asmare / AP)
In this June 28, 2013 file photo, construction work takes place at the site of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam near Assosa, Ethiopia. (Elias Asmare / AP)
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Deadlocked Nile Dam Talks Revive Other Scenarios

In this June 28, 2013 file photo, construction work takes place at the site of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam near Assosa, Ethiopia. (Elias Asmare / AP)
In this June 28, 2013 file photo, construction work takes place at the site of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam near Assosa, Ethiopia. (Elias Asmare / AP)

As talks stumbled again between Ethiopia and Egypt over the controversial Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) that Addis Ababa is building on the Blue Nile, media reports hinted at possible military confrontations between the two countries.

Cairo rejected such an option, asserting its efforts to adopt all peaceful means to solve the conflict.

Information shared on social media said South Sudan has agreed to provide a plot of land for Egypt to build a military base in Pagak county on the border with Ethiopia.

However, a statement by the foreign ministry in Juba denied the reports.

"The ministry of foreign affairs and international cooperation hereby denies in the strongest terms possible, the information which has been circulating on the social media that the government of South Sudan has agreed to an Egyptian request to build a military base in Pagak," it said.

The ministry described Ethiopia and Egypt as good friends of South Sudan.

Former member of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Armed Forces General Tarek al-Mahdi told Asharq Al-Awsat on Thursday that each country has its own way to deal with the crisis.

“Only the state has the right to speak about its choices based on official clear statements. We cannot rely on false news,” he said.

Ambassador Mohammed Ashraf Harbi, who is a member of the Egyptian council on foreign affairs, told Asharq Al-Awsat that military cooperation between Egypt and South Sudan comes as part of expanded coordination agreements that include collaboration on the economy and trade.

This week, Juba TV quoted a military official as saying that the base in Pagak would host about 250 Egyptian soldiers.

Harbi said that according to Egypt, a military option in the dispute with Ethiopia is currently not on the table.

“Cairo follows all legal steps to deal with the GERD conflict…This means that the political process is ongoing and that peace options are still available,” he said.



Anxiety Clouds Easter for West Bank Christians

Residents of the West Bank town of Zababdeh say its church bells are often drowned out by the roar of Israeli air force jets headed for action nearby. - AFP
Residents of the West Bank town of Zababdeh say its church bells are often drowned out by the roar of Israeli air force jets headed for action nearby. - AFP
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Anxiety Clouds Easter for West Bank Christians

Residents of the West Bank town of Zababdeh say its church bells are often drowned out by the roar of Israeli air force jets headed for action nearby. - AFP
Residents of the West Bank town of Zababdeh say its church bells are often drowned out by the roar of Israeli air force jets headed for action nearby. - AFP

In the mainly Christian Palestinian town of Zababdeh, the runup to Easter has been overshadowed by nearby Israeli military operations, which have proliferated in the occupied West Bank alongside the Gaza war.

This year unusually Easter falls on the same weekend for all of the town's main Christian communities -- Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican --- and residents have attempted to busy themselves with holiday traditions like making date cakes or getting ready for the scout parade.

But their minds have been elsewhere.

Dozens of families from nearby Jenin have found refuge in Zababdeh from the continual Israeli military operations that have devastated the city and its adjacent refugee camp this year.

"The other day, the (Israeli) army entered Jenin, people were panicking, families were running to pick up their children," said Zababdeh resident Janet Ghanam.

"There is a constant fear, you go to bed with it, you wake up with it," the 57-year-old Anglican added, before rushing off to one of the last Lenten prayers before Easter.

Ghanam said her son had told her he would not be able to visit her for Easter this year, for fear of being stuck at the Israeli military roadblocks that have mushroomed across the territory.

Zabadeh's Anglican church was busy in the runup to Easter but across the West Bank Christian communities have been in sharp decline as people emigrate in search of a better life abroad.

Zabadeh looks idyllic, nestled in the hills of the northern West Bank, but the roar of Israeli air force jets sometimes drowns out the sound of its church bells.

"It led to a lot of people to think: 'Okay, am I going to stay in my home for the next five years?'" said Saleem Kasabreh, an Anglican deacon in the town.

"Would my home be taken away? Would they bomb my home?"

- 'Existential threat' -

Israel has occupied the West Bank since 1967 and in recent months far-right ministers in its coalition government have called for the annexation of swathes of the territory.

Kasabreh said this "existential threat" was compounded by constant "depression" at the news from Gaza, where the death toll from the Israel's response to Hamas's October 2023 attack now tops 51,000, according to the Hamas-run territory's health ministry.

Work has been hard to find for Zababdeh's mainly Christian residents since Israel rescinded Palestinian work permits following the October 2023 attack by Hamas that sparked the Gaza war.

Zababdeh has been spared the devastation wreaked on Gaza, but the mayor's office says nearly 450 townspeople lost their jobs in Israel when Palestinian work permits were rescinded after the Hamas attack.

"Israel had never completely closed us in the West Bank before this war," said 73-year-old farmer Ibrahim Daoud. "Nobody knows what will happen".

Many say they are stalked by the spectre of exile, with departures abroad fuelling fears that Christians may disappear from the Holy Land.

"People can't stay without work and life isn't easy," said 60-year-old maths teacher Tareq Ibrahim.

Mayor Ghassan Daibes echoed his point.

"For a Christian community to survive, there must be stability, security and decent living conditions. It's a reality, not a call for emigration," he said.

"But I´m speaking from lived experience: Christians used to make up 30 percent of the population in Palestine; today, they are less than one percent.

"And this number keeps decreasing. In my own family, I have three brothers abroad -- one in Germany, the other two in the United States."

Catholic priest Father Elias Tabban insists the hard times his congregation has been going though have deepened their faith.

Catholic priest Elias Tabban adopted a more stoical attitude, insisting his congregation's spirituality had never been so vibrant.

"Whenever the Church is in hard times... (that's when) you see the faith is growing," Tabban said.