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Calls for Rallies in Libya Capital Reflect Disputes between Sarraj and his Aides

People are seen shopping at a market in the old city of Tripoli, Libya. (Reuters)
People are seen shopping at a market in the old city of Tripoli, Libya. (Reuters)
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Calls for Rallies in Libya Capital Reflect Disputes between Sarraj and his Aides

People are seen shopping at a market in the old city of Tripoli, Libya. (Reuters)
People are seen shopping at a market in the old city of Tripoli, Libya. (Reuters)

Disputes between Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA) chief Fayez al-Sarraj and his aides have again come out into the open over calls for rallies against his cabinet in the capital Tripoli.

Sarraj’s deputy, Ahmed Maiteeq had called on the GNA Interior Ministry to protect the protesters, saying the people have the right to express themselves and demand a probe into squandered funds.

In a letter to Interior Minister Fathi Bashagha, he said: “It is only natural for people to express their anger against their government over its practices.”

A Tripoli military official, Abdulbaset Marwan, intervened in the dispute, siding with Sarraj and accusing Maiteeq and other members of the GNA Presidential Council of working for local and foreign powers seeking to topple the GNA chief.

Local media reported that GNA military intelligence had warned Sarraj of the danger of such rallies. They explained that they could be exploited by rivals and foreign intelligence to introduce change that military operations – a reference to foreign backers of Libyan National Army, commander Khalifa Haftar – could not.

The military intelligence urged Sarraj to act immediately and thwart the plots that are aimed at taking advantage of the people’s anger against the GNA’s failure to address their daily woes.

On the ground, Turkey has continued to send weapons and mercenaries to GNA forces that are continuing to reinforce their positions near Sirte city, some 450 kilometers east of Tripoli.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said Thursday that some 300 fighters have been flown in by Ankara to Libya, taking to 17,300 the number of Syrian mercenaries to have landed in the North African country. These figures include 350 children under the age of 18, said the rights monitor.

Politically, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo discussed Libya in a telephone call with Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry. A State Department Statement said they discussed regional issues, including the importance of supporting a UN-brokered ceasefire in Libya through political and economic talks.

Egypt and Greece had on Thursday signed an agreement designating an exclusive economic zone in the eastern Mediterranean between the two countries, an area containing promising oil and gas reserves.

In Greece, diplomats said the deal effectively nullified an accord between Turkey and the GNA.

Last year, those two parties agreed to maritime boundaries in a deal Egypt and Greece decried as illegal and a violation of international law. Greece maintains it infringed on its continental shelf and specifically that off the island of Crete.

Despite Thursday’s agreement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan vowed that Ankara will forge ahead with its deals with the GNA. He dismissed the Egyptian-Greek agreement, saying there was no need for talks with sides that “have no territorial rights in the area.”

The GNA on Friday said it “will not allow any party to violate its maritime rights.”

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Can Tourism Help Revive Egypt-Iran Relations?

Egypt’s Sisi meeting the Iranian Foreign Minister in Cairo – Egyptian Presidency
Egypt’s Sisi meeting the Iranian Foreign Minister in Cairo – Egyptian Presidency
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Can Tourism Help Revive Egypt-Iran Relations?

Egypt’s Sisi meeting the Iranian Foreign Minister in Cairo – Egyptian Presidency
Egypt’s Sisi meeting the Iranian Foreign Minister in Cairo – Egyptian Presidency

Iran has reiterated its desire to strengthen ties with Egypt, expressing hope for a memorandum of understanding to facilitate tourism between the two countries.

While analysts say tourism could serve as a key channel for reviving relations, they stress that Cairo remains committed to a cautious, gradual approach in its dealings with Tehran.

Speaking to Iran’s official IRNA news agency on Monday, Iranian Minister of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Reza Salehi Amiri said bilateral talks have been held to resume relations with Cairo, adding that the government’s strategy aims to “reopen the path to Egypt”.

“Egypt, with its population of 115 million, has immense cultural, heritage and religious potential,” Amiri said.

“There is a genuine interest among Egyptians in developing ties with Iran, and both governments have the political will to move forward”.

He emphasized the importance of establishing formal diplomatic relations, noting that “significant steps have already been taken and there are no major obstacles to expanding tourism.”

Amiri said Tehran is eager to sign a tourism-focused memorandum of understanding with Cairo.

“The first round of talks has been held, and the negotiations are set to continue,” he said, calling for “the removal of any remaining hurdles”.

Amiri pointed to a recent visit to Cairo by Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, saying the groundwork had been laid for building diplomatic and tourism ties. “With the foreign minister’s presence and efforts, political relations will resume, and that will pave the way for deeper cultural engagement”.

Araghchi visited Egypt earlier this month and met President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In a joint press conference with Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty, Araghchi described the talks as unprecedented and constructive, highlighting “an advanced path toward cooperation and convergence”.

He said the two sides had agreed to maintain political consultations and work on boosting trade and tourism.

Abdelatty announced the launch of a new channel for political dialogue below the ministerial level to address various aspects of the relationship.

Amiri said Iran has invited Egyptian private sector companies to participate in large-scale tourism projects and voiced Tehran’s readiness to facilitate air and land travel, including joint historical and religious tours.

He called for activating joint hotel and tourism ventures under strategic agreements between the two nations.

Huda Raouf, a political science professor and head of the Iranian Studies Unit at the Egyptian Center for Thought and Strategic Studies, told Asharq Al-Awsat that “tourism is one of the sectors with the most potential for a breakthrough in Egypt-Iran ties, especially with Iran’s interest in religious tourism”.

But she added that Cairo remains cautious. “While Egypt is open to dialogue with Iran on several files, it is taking a deliberate and measured approach to deepening relations.”

Raouf noted that Egypt is in contact with Iran on key regional issues, including Red Sea security and the Gaza Strip, but is proceeding “with calculated steps”.

She said full normalization would only come “at a time aligned with Egypt’s national interests”.

She also pointed out that the easing of entry procedures for Iranian tourists currently applies only to South Sinai.

In March 2023, Egypt announced a package of measures to boost foreign tourism, including a provision allowing Iranian tourists to obtain visas upon arrival at airports in South Sinai.

The plan, which required tourists to travel in organized groups and through pre-coordinated tour operators, was welcomed by Tehran at the time.

Former Egyptian Assistant Foreign Minister Hussein Haridy told Asharq Al-Awsat that Iran’s push to promote religious tourism in Egypt is not new. “Cairo continues to adopt a gradual approach to building ties with Tehran,” he said.

“Developing political and diplomatic relations will have a spillover effect on other areas,” Haridy added, but cautioned that progress will unfold at a pace suitable to both sides. He linked any acceleration in bilateral engagement to the outcome of ongoing US-Iran nuclear negotiations.

This is not the first time Iran has sought to establish tourist links with Egypt. Between 2011 and 2013, similar efforts were made but failed to yield results.

The two countries severed diplomatic ties in 1979, with limited relations restored in 1990 at the chargé d’affaires level. Over the past two years, Egyptian and Iranian ministers have held multiple meetings to explore avenues for improving ties.

Ambassador Rakha Ahmed Hassan, another former Egyptian assistant foreign minister, said tourism may be the easiest entry point for broader engagement.

“There have already been discussions about launching direct flights between the two countries,” he said. “There is no fundamental reason preventing a closer relationship”.

Hassan highlighted Iran’s interest in religious tourism and sites associated with the Prophet’s family in Egypt.

Araghchi’s recent visit to Cairo included prayers at the historic Hussein Mosque and dinner at the iconic Naguib Mahfouz restaurant in the Khan el-Khalili bazaar, accompanied by prominent Egyptian figures, including former foreign ministers Amr Moussa, Nabil Fahmy and Mohamed el-Orabi.