Beirut Blast Trauma Adds New Wounds to Old Scars

A picture taken on August 11, 2020, shows a view of a heavily-damaged traditional Lebanese house due to the Beirut port explosion, in the devastated Gemmayzeh neighborhood across from the harbor. (Photo by JOSEPH EID / AFP)
A picture taken on August 11, 2020, shows a view of a heavily-damaged traditional Lebanese house due to the Beirut port explosion, in the devastated Gemmayzeh neighborhood across from the harbor. (Photo by JOSEPH EID / AFP)
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Beirut Blast Trauma Adds New Wounds to Old Scars

A picture taken on August 11, 2020, shows a view of a heavily-damaged traditional Lebanese house due to the Beirut port explosion, in the devastated Gemmayzeh neighborhood across from the harbor. (Photo by JOSEPH EID / AFP)
A picture taken on August 11, 2020, shows a view of a heavily-damaged traditional Lebanese house due to the Beirut port explosion, in the devastated Gemmayzeh neighborhood across from the harbor. (Photo by JOSEPH EID / AFP)

Tanya can't be alone in a room. Carla, for days, thought a war was starting. Survivors of Beirut's August 4 blast are still in shock over a disaster that disfigured their city.

The earth-shaking explosion killed 171 people and wounded more than 6,000, a sickening blow to a country already in crisis.

Almost every generation in Lebanon has experienced some kind of conflict, whether the 1975-1990 civil war or the 2006 hostilities with Israel.

Those episodes are over, but for some the traumas they left are still vivid -- and last week's explosion has added yet another scar to the collective psyche.

Carla was on her balcony in an old Beirut neighborhood when she felt her building shake.

"I initially thought it was an air raid because I associated the noise with what I remembered from the 2006 war," the 28-year-old told AFP.

After the explosion pulverized her windows, she rushed to the stairwell, petrified.

But before Carla could pull herself together, her elderly neighbor, who had survived the 1975-1990 civil war, was already busy sweeping the floor.

"This is a reflex from the war, whenever something breaks they just sweep it up," Carla said.

She is now staying with her family, and said she is not emotionally ready to move back to her blast-hit home.

Even at her parents' house, she cannot sleep.

"A car driving by on the street becomes the sound of an airplane," she said in English.

"Everything now triggers memories of the 2006 war... I had never realized how much that war actually had traumatized me."

Doctors of the World, an international charity, spent several days in the levelled Karantina district, overlooking blast site.

Its staff knocked on doors in the area to offer residents free psychological support.

In the first days after the explosion, residents were too busy seeking medical treatment or clearing debris from their homes. But as a kind of normality slowly returned, they seemed more ready to speak, said Noelle Jouane, director of the charity's mental health program.

"It helps relieve all of their anger," she told AFP.

But in the devastated district of Mar Mikhael, the slightest thud sparks alarm.

At the entrance to the neighborhood, an old man was startled by the bang of a hammer against an iron plate.

He immediately ducked and pressed his body against the hood of his car.

"It's nothing," a passerby reassured him.

Moments later, fear gripped the entire street, with people scrambling out after rumors spread that the August 4 blast site had once again caught fire.

Panic, fear, and in some cases a certain detachment from reality are among the "normal reactions to abnormal events," said Rima Makki, the mental health activity manager for Doctors Without Borders (MSF) in Lebanon.

The port blast came as Lebanon was grappling with its worst economic crisis in decades -- compounded by the coronavirus pandemic.

"The whole of society was already under psychological pressure," Makki said.

"A traumatic incident of this magnitude, obviously, will have repercussions."

Tanya, 32, was in central Beirut when the explosion tore through buildings around her.

"The first two days I was constantly crying," the accountant said.

"But something inside was telling me: what are you crying about? I am safe, my family is safe, our house is safe."

But the mother of two said she also felt "guilt for surviving."

She said she didn't remember much from the moment of the blast, but the bruises on her body remind her of what happened.

Now, she is too scared to be alone.

"During the day it's easier, but at night I can't. I ask someone to stay by my side," she said.

Omar, a visual artist, believes he could have been killed or disfigured by the explosion that ravaged his neighborhood.

Luckly, the man in his thirties was not at home at the time.

"Knifes flew from the kitchen, the entire glass facade shattered in the house," he said. "Just the image, the possibility of me being here was haunting."

During a massive anti-government rally near parliament on Saturday, a fatigued Omar suddenly felt like demonstrations were going nowhere, although he had participated in several similar rallies since a protest movement emerged in October.

"I felt how can we return to the same place we were a few months ago despite... this catastrophic event," he said.

Two people he knew died in the disaster.

"I don't know how or if one can get over something like that," he added.

"I mean you continue your life, but you continue it differently."



Hezbollah’s ‘Statelet’ in Syria’s Qusayr Under Israeli Fire

Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)
Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)
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Hezbollah’s ‘Statelet’ in Syria’s Qusayr Under Israeli Fire

Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)
Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)

Israel has expanded its strikes against Hezbollah in Syria by targeting the al-Qusayr region in Homs.

Israel intensified its campaign against Hezbollah in Lebanon in September and has in the process struck legal and illegal borders between Lebanon and Syria that are used to smuggle weapons to the Iran-backed party. Now, it has expanded its operations to areas of Hezbollah influence inside Syria itself.

Qusayr is located around 20 kms from the Lebanese border. Israeli strikes have destroyed several bridges in the area, including one stretching over the Assi River that is a vital connection between Qusayr and several towns in Homs’ eastern and western countrysides.

Israel has also hit main and side roads and Syrian regime checkpoints in the area.

The Israeli army announced that the latest attacks targeted roads that connect the Syrian side of the border to Lebanon and that are used to smuggle weapons to Hezbollah.

Qusayr is strategic position for Hezbollah. The Iran-backed party joined the fight alongside the Syrian regime against opposition factions in the early years of the Syrian conflict, which began in 2011. Hezbollah confirmed its involvement in Syria in 2013.

Hezbollah waged its earliest battles in Syria against the “Free Syrian Army” in Qusayr. After two months of fighting, the party captured the region in mid-June 2013. By then, it was completely destroyed and its population fled to Lebanon.

A source from the Syrian opposition said Hezbollah has turned Qusayr and its countryside to its own “statelet”.

It is now the backbone of its military power and the party has the final say in the area even though regime forces are deployed there, it told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“Qusayr is critical for Hezbollah because of its close proximity to the Lebanese border,” it added.

Several of Qusayr’s residents have since returned to their homes. But the source clarified that only regime loyalists and people whom Hezbollah “approves” of have returned.

The region has become militarized by Hezbollah. It houses training centers for the party and Shiite militias loyal to Iran whose fighters are trained by Hezbollah, continued the source.

Since Israel intensified its attacks against Hezbollah in Lebanon, the party moved the majority of its fighters to Qusayr, where the party also stores large amounts of its weapons, it went on to say.

In 2016, Shiite Hezbollah staged a large military parade at the al-Dabaa airport in Qusayr that was seen as a message to the displaced residents, who are predominantly Sunni, that their return home will be impossible, stressed the source.

Even though the regime has deployed its forces in Qusayr, Hezbollah ultimately holds the greatest sway in the area.

Qusayr is therefore of paramount importance to Hezbollah, which will be in no way willing to cede control of.

Lebanese military expert Brig. Gen Saeed Al-Qazah told Asharq Al-Awsat that Qusayr is a “fundamental logistic position for Hezbollah.”

He explained that it is where the party builds its rockets and drones that are delivered from Iran. It is also where the party builds the launchpads for firing its Katyusha and grad rockets.

Qazah added that Qusayr is also significant for its proximity to Lebanon’s al-Hermel city and northeastern Bekaa region where Hezbollah enjoys popular support and where its arms deliveries pass through on their way to the South.

Qazah noted that Israel has not limited its strikes in Qusayr to bridges and main and side roads, but it has also hit trucks headed to Lebanon, stressing that Israel has its eyes focused deep inside Syria, not just the border.