Israel said its military struck targets in Gaza that include a weapons manufacturing site, after six rockets were fired from the territory early Friday.
There were no immediate reports of casualties or major damage on either side.
In recent weeks, Israel and Hamas have traded fire on a number of occasions and Hamas has launched a wave of incendiary balloons across the frontier that have torched wide swathes of farmland.
Hamas is pressing Israel to ease its blockade on Gaza and allow large-scale development projects, while Egypt is trying to shore up an informal cease-fire.
Those efforts have grown more urgent in recent days as authorities in Gaza have detected the first cases of local transmission of the coronavirus, The Associated Press reported.
Hamas has imposed a lockdown in the coastal territory bordering Israel and Egypt, which is home to 2 million Palestinians.
Bassem Naim, a Hamas official, warned of further escalation, saying the "catastrophic conditions the Gaza Strip is experiencing are unprecedented."
He said the situation could lead to an "explosion in which things get out of control."
