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NASA Extracts Breathable Oxygen on March

Technicians carefully lower the MOXIE instrument into the belly of the Perseverance rover at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in March 2019. (NASA via AFP)
Technicians carefully lower the MOXIE instrument into the belly of the Perseverance rover at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in March 2019. (NASA via AFP)
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NASA Extracts Breathable Oxygen on March

Technicians carefully lower the MOXIE instrument into the belly of the Perseverance rover at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in March 2019. (NASA via AFP)
Technicians carefully lower the MOXIE instrument into the belly of the Perseverance rover at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in March 2019. (NASA via AFP)

NASA's Perseverance rover has logged another extraterrestrial first on its latest mission to Mars: converting carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere into pure, breathable oxygen.

"This is a critical first step at converting carbon dioxide to oxygen on Mars," said Jim Reuter, associate administrator for NASA.

According to AFP, the technology demonstration took place on April 20, and NASA hopes future versions of the used experimental instrument could pave the way for future human Martian explorations.

Not only can the process produce oxygen for future astronauts to breathe, but it could make hauling vast amounts of oxygen over from Earth to use as rocket propellant for the return journey unnecessary. The instrument, dubbed MOXIE (short for Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment), is a golden box the size of a car battery, and is located inside the front right side of the rover.

It uses electricity and chemistry to split carbon dioxide molecules, to produce oxygen and carbon monoxide. In its first run, MOXIE produced 5 grams of oxygen, equivalent to about 10 minutes of breathable oxygen for an astronaut carrying out normal activity.

MOXIE's engineers will now run more tests and try to step up its output. It is designed to be able to generate up to 10 grams of oxygen per hour. Designed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MOXIE was built with heat-resistant materials and designed to tolerate the searing temperatures of 800 Celsius required for it to run. A thin gold coating ensures it doesn't radiate its heat and harm the rover.

MIT engineer Michael Hecht said a one-ton version of MOXIE (the currently used instrument weighs 17 kg) could produce the approximately 25 tons of oxygen needed for a rocket to blast off from Mars.

Producing oxygen from Mars' 96 percent carbon dioxide atmosphere might be a more feasible option than extracting ice from under its surface then electrolyzing it to make oxygen. Perseverance landed on the Red Planet on February 18 on a mission to search for signs for past life.

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Greek Firefighters Make Progress against Wildfires

Local residents and firefighters stand along a road during efforts to extinguish a wildfire near the city of Patras, western Greece on August 13, 2025. (Photo by Aris MESSINIS / AFP)
Local residents and firefighters stand along a road during efforts to extinguish a wildfire near the city of Patras, western Greece on August 13, 2025. (Photo by Aris MESSINIS / AFP)
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Greek Firefighters Make Progress against Wildfires

Local residents and firefighters stand along a road during efforts to extinguish a wildfire near the city of Patras, western Greece on August 13, 2025. (Photo by Aris MESSINIS / AFP)
Local residents and firefighters stand along a road during efforts to extinguish a wildfire near the city of Patras, western Greece on August 13, 2025. (Photo by Aris MESSINIS / AFP)

Firefighters in Greece gained ground Thursday against a wildfire outside the third-largest city of Patras, while water bombers battled blazes on three other fronts.

The situation in the country's main port to Italy was much improved after an overnight struggle, fire department spokesman Vassilis Vathrakogiannis said in a televised address.

Firefighters in Patras were facing "scattered" pockets of flames but the fire was "still active" in the eastern outskirts of the city of over 200,000, he said.

Citing data from the EU's Copernicus satellite monitoring program, the Athens national observatory on Thursday said ongoing fires in the Patras area, the Aegean island of Chios, the Ionian island of Zakynthos and near the western city of Preveza had burned over 10,000 hectares, reported AFP.

Police said they had arrested a 25-year-old man on suspicion of starting one of four fires that erupted near Patras on Tuesday.

Officials on Wednesday had evacuated a children's hospital and a retirement home as the fire had moved dangerously close to the western Greek city.

As the fire swept through the Patras outskirts late Tuesday, it gutted a customs tow yard, destroying over 500 vehicles inside.

Alexandros Dimitrakopoulos, a forestry professor at Thessaloniki's Aristotle University, said forest fires in Greece were now regularly affecting urban areas.

"We have seen it in (the greater Athens area) since 2021, now in Patras," he told state TV ERT.

Other important fires continued to burn Thursday on the Ionian island of Zakynthos, the Aegean island of Chios and near the western city of Preveza, the spokesman said.

Some 600 ground crews and nearly 30 water bombing aircraft were deployed from dawn in all locations.

Reduced wind intensity was aiding firefighting efforts.

Greece this summer has faced several major forest fires amid high temperatures which scientists say human-induced climate change is intensifying.