Saudi Arabia: Three Centuries’ Legacy Weaves Memory of Unification

A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia: Three Centuries’ Legacy Weaves Memory of Unification

A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)

On September 23, 2021, Saudi Arabia marks a new decade in its first centenary after its founder Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud having unified the Kingdom under a profound legacy that spans over three centuries on the Arabian Peninsula.

Diriyah, with its traditional mud-brick architecture that runs along the Wadi Hanifah valley, has kept the secret to the Kingdom’s establishment in 1722. It cradles the fond memory of the birth of one of the most important nations in the Middle East and the whole world.

Weathering harsh storms and high winds, Diriyah has maintained its centrality to the political and economic scene in the Kingdom and the region over the last decades.

The first and second Saudi states fluctuated in their stability and expansion because of the geopolitical realities that the region was living in the 1800s.

It ended with the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, which was extending and folding its control from time to time on the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula.

Before its final collapse, the Ottoman Empire mandated military campaigns that were bloody to kill the people and destroy their cities and spread fear and eliminate any signs of state and life.

With the decline of the influence of the Ottoman Empire and then its end, a stage ended, and another began.

1929 - Victory for the State

With the passage of time, minor historical events fade under shadows cast by significant happenings. Nevertheless, it is those minor instances that defined the building of a cohesive and modern state that proves its founder’s innovation and awareness.

Diversifying Foreign Relations

While Britain’s role as one of the major active powers that shaped political and geographical equations was waning, King Abdulaziz was vigilantly managing his young state’s affairs without rushing to expose it to dangers.

By September 23, 1932, Royal Decree No. 2716 was issued as an essential historical document in building the modern Saudi state.

Issued by the founder, the decree included seven articles. One of the articles stipulated renaming the Kingdom of Hejaz and Najd as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its founder as “King.” That moment marked the launch of an important political entity that radiates its impact on the regional and global scenes.

2030 – A New Perspective

The successors of King Abdulaziz continued his march, betting on the pillars of stability and development, which gave the country decades of progress and prosperity. This approach has given the Kingdom cohesion in the face of a sea of ​​challenges and difficulties that engulfed the region and shook the pillars of several states and the well-being of their peoples.

Today, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, the seventh king of Saudi Arabia, is nurturing a new stage in the country’s history under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.

Saudi Arabia’s leadership is bringing together the promises of the future and overcoming obstacles by returning to deeper roots in the oldest civilizations that were in the Arabian Peninsula.

It is relying on the geography that connects the past and the present and Saudi Arabia’s position as a vital hub linking three continents, and its major role in global history.



Saudi FM, Iranian Counterpart Discuss Regional Developments

Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah
Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah
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Saudi FM, Iranian Counterpart Discuss Regional Developments

Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah
Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah

Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah held a phone call with his Iranian counterpart, Abbas Araghchi, the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) reported on Wednesday.

During the call, they discussed the latest regional developments and the efforts to maintain the region's security and stability, SPA said.


US-Gulf Draft UN Resolution to Hold Iran Accountable over Hormuz Closure

A UN Security Council session held on March 12 (Reuters)
A UN Security Council session held on March 12 (Reuters)
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US-Gulf Draft UN Resolution to Hold Iran Accountable over Hormuz Closure

A UN Security Council session held on March 12 (Reuters)
A UN Security Council session held on March 12 (Reuters)

The United States and Bahrain have begun drafting a UN Security Council resolution aimed at holding Iran accountable for closing the Strait of Hormuz and advancing international efforts to reopen it to commercial shipping.

US Ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz, speaking during a phone press conference on Monday, said the draft states that the Security Council strongly condemns repeated attacks and threats by Iran against commercial vessels, as well as actions aimed at obstructing lawful transit through the Strait of Hormuz. These include the laying of naval mines and the imposition of illegal fees on ships.

The proposal determines that such actions constitute a threat to international peace and security, opening the possibility of placing the resolution under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and, consequently, the potential adoption of enforcement measures at a later stage.

It affirms the right of all ships and aircraft to transit the Strait of Hormuz without unlawful interference, in accordance with international law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

It further calls on Iran to immediately cease all attacks or threats directed against commercial shipping, as well as any attempts to obstruct or impede freedom of navigation.

A key provision stipulates that Iran must disclose the number of mines it has laid and their precise locations in and around the Strait of Hormuz, and work toward their removal. The draft also calls on Tehran to refrain from interfering in international demining efforts.

Humanitarian corridor

Another clause asks Iran to cooperate with the United Nations in establishing a humanitarian corridor in the Strait of Hormuz, aimed at facilitating the flow of essential goods, including food and fertilizers, which the text says have been disrupted by recent developments in the region.

It also includes a prohibition on any UN member state assisting Iran in closing the strait or restricting transit through it. At the same time, it affirms the right of states to defend their vessels against attacks, in accordance with international law.

This is the latest diplomatic effort by Washington and Manama after China and Russia vetoed a similar resolution hours before a temporary ceasefire was announced in early April.

Waltz said negotiations on the draft would take place this week, adding that it remains unclear whether the resolution will include an enforcement mechanism to secure navigation in the strait.

He revealed that Bahrain is contributing to drafting the text, with input from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, in a way that would require Iran to halt attacks on commercial vessels and attempts to impose transit fees, as well as to stop laying naval mines and disclose their locations.

Waltz underlined that the draft is narrower in scope than the previous unsuccessful proposal and comes amid a ceasefire with Iran.

The United States and Gulf countries are continuing negotiations this week and are seeking swift adoption of the resolution, provided consensus among the countries concerned is maintained.

Waltz framed the issue not only as part of a confrontation with Iran but also as a matter related to international law and the freedom of global trade, stressing that no country has the right to blackmail global trade.

A previous draft resolution blocked by Russia and China had sought authorization for the use of defensive force to protect navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and free it from Iranian attacks. It also would have allowed states, individually or through voluntary multinational maritime partnerships, to use all necessary and proportionate defensive means, applying to the strait and adjacent waters to secure passage and deter attempts to close, obstruct or otherwise interfere in any way with international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, through which about one-fifth of the world’s oil passes.


Saudi Arabia Provides New Contribution of $2 Million to Support UNRWA

Saudi Prince Mansour bin Khaled bin Farhan, Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Jordan, hands UNRWA’s Acting Commissioner-General, Christian Saunders a cheque of $ 2 million as the Kingdom’s annual contribution to UNRWA (Saudi Embassy in Jordan)
Saudi Prince Mansour bin Khaled bin Farhan, Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Jordan, hands UNRWA’s Acting Commissioner-General, Christian Saunders a cheque of $ 2 million as the Kingdom’s annual contribution to UNRWA (Saudi Embassy in Jordan)
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Saudi Arabia Provides New Contribution of $2 Million to Support UNRWA

Saudi Prince Mansour bin Khaled bin Farhan, Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Jordan, hands UNRWA’s Acting Commissioner-General, Christian Saunders a cheque of $ 2 million as the Kingdom’s annual contribution to UNRWA (Saudi Embassy in Jordan)
Saudi Prince Mansour bin Khaled bin Farhan, Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Jordan, hands UNRWA’s Acting Commissioner-General, Christian Saunders a cheque of $ 2 million as the Kingdom’s annual contribution to UNRWA (Saudi Embassy in Jordan)

Saudi Arabia on Tuesday delivered on Tuesday a check worth $2 million to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), representing the Kingdom's annual support for the agency’s budget, programs, and operations in the region.

Saudi Ambassador to Jordan Prince Mansour bin Khalid bin Farhan delivered the check at the embassy to UNRWA’s Acting Commissioner-General, Christian Saunders.

He stressed the Saudi commitment, under the directives of the leadership, to support the Palestinian cause and assist the brotherly Palestinian people.

The Ambassador then highlighted the importance of supporting UNRWA's budget to enable it to fulfill its social, humanitarian, educational, and health responsibilities toward Palestinian refugees, particularly under current conditions.

Prince Mansour noted the agency’s vital role in providing humanitarian services and alleviating suffering.

For his part, Saunders expressed his appreciation to the Kingdom for its continued and steadfast support, which enables UNRWA to implement its programs in service of Palestinian refugees.