Saudi Arabia: Three Centuries’ Legacy Weaves Memory of Unification

A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia: Three Centuries’ Legacy Weaves Memory of Unification

A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)

On September 23, 2021, Saudi Arabia marks a new decade in its first centenary after its founder Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud having unified the Kingdom under a profound legacy that spans over three centuries on the Arabian Peninsula.

Diriyah, with its traditional mud-brick architecture that runs along the Wadi Hanifah valley, has kept the secret to the Kingdom’s establishment in 1722. It cradles the fond memory of the birth of one of the most important nations in the Middle East and the whole world.

Weathering harsh storms and high winds, Diriyah has maintained its centrality to the political and economic scene in the Kingdom and the region over the last decades.

The first and second Saudi states fluctuated in their stability and expansion because of the geopolitical realities that the region was living in the 1800s.

It ended with the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, which was extending and folding its control from time to time on the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula.

Before its final collapse, the Ottoman Empire mandated military campaigns that were bloody to kill the people and destroy their cities and spread fear and eliminate any signs of state and life.

With the decline of the influence of the Ottoman Empire and then its end, a stage ended, and another began.

1929 - Victory for the State

With the passage of time, minor historical events fade under shadows cast by significant happenings. Nevertheless, it is those minor instances that defined the building of a cohesive and modern state that proves its founder’s innovation and awareness.

Diversifying Foreign Relations

While Britain’s role as one of the major active powers that shaped political and geographical equations was waning, King Abdulaziz was vigilantly managing his young state’s affairs without rushing to expose it to dangers.

By September 23, 1932, Royal Decree No. 2716 was issued as an essential historical document in building the modern Saudi state.

Issued by the founder, the decree included seven articles. One of the articles stipulated renaming the Kingdom of Hejaz and Najd as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its founder as “King.” That moment marked the launch of an important political entity that radiates its impact on the regional and global scenes.

2030 – A New Perspective

The successors of King Abdulaziz continued his march, betting on the pillars of stability and development, which gave the country decades of progress and prosperity. This approach has given the Kingdom cohesion in the face of a sea of ​​challenges and difficulties that engulfed the region and shook the pillars of several states and the well-being of their peoples.

Today, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, the seventh king of Saudi Arabia, is nurturing a new stage in the country’s history under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.

Saudi Arabia’s leadership is bringing together the promises of the future and overcoming obstacles by returning to deeper roots in the oldest civilizations that were in the Arabian Peninsula.

It is relying on the geography that connects the past and the present and Saudi Arabia’s position as a vital hub linking three continents, and its major role in global history.



Saudi Arabia Boosts US Ties to Promote Middle East Stability

US President and Saudi Crown Prince at a 2019 meeting (AFP)
US President and Saudi Crown Prince at a 2019 meeting (AFP)
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Saudi Arabia Boosts US Ties to Promote Middle East Stability

US President and Saudi Crown Prince at a 2019 meeting (AFP)
US President and Saudi Crown Prince at a 2019 meeting (AFP)

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman spoke with US President Donald Trump on Wednesday in the first call from an Arab leader since Trump took office. They discussed boosting cooperation to support peace, security, and economic ties.

The Crown Prince expressed Saudi Arabia’s desire to expand investment partnerships with the United States. He revealed plans for Saudi investments totaling $600 billion over the next four years, with the potential for further increases should additional opportunities arise.

Moreover, the Crown Prince spoke with Trump about boosting ties in various fields. He voiced confidence in Trump’s ability to drive major economic reforms in the US.

The White House said Thursday that the two leaders discussed Saudi Arabia’s global economic goals, trade, and other opportunities. They also talked about efforts to stabilize the Middle East, improve security, and fight terrorism.

The Saudi Crown also received a phone call on Thursday from US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The two leaders discussed bilateral relations, areas of mutual cooperation, and ways to strengthen their partnership. They also addressed regional and global developments and several issues of shared concern.

Rubio expressed his eagerness to advance shared interests in Syria, Lebanon, Gaza, and other areas, emphasizing the threats posed by Iran and its proxies, according to State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce.

“They also discussed the benefits of the US-Saudi economic partnership and the opportunities to grow their economies in a variety of fields including AI. The Secretary expressed his appreciation for Saudi Arabia’s partnership and efforts to promote regional peace and stability,” said Bruce.

Saudi Arabia’s plans to expand investments in the US reflect the deep economic and strategic partnership between the two nations, analysts told Asharq Al-Awsat.

These investments, they said, build on promising opportunities and underscore the importance of bilateral efforts to bolster global peace and security.

Dr. Fawaz Al-Alami, an international trade expert, said the strategic alliance between Saudi Arabia and the US, which spans eight decades, is set to grow further. Saudi Arabia aims to expand its partnerships in key sectors, including technology transfer, defense industries, space exploration, artificial intelligence, and nuclear energy development.

“Saudi Arabia is capitalizing on its rapid economic growth—the fastest among G20 nations—by strengthening its trade and investment ties with the US,” Al-Alami said.

He highlighted the kingdom’s plans to invest $600 billion in the US over the next four years, positioning this partnership as a cornerstone of mutual prosperity.

Al-Alami noted that trade relations are the foundation of Saudi-US economic cooperation, reflecting shared strategic interests and evolving global dynamics.

He added that Saudi Arabia’s efforts to diversify its economy beyond oil align with the United States’ ability to support this transition through investments in manufacturing, technology, and renewable energy—key pillars of the Saudi Vision 2030 reform plan.

“By fostering innovation, developing human capital, and expanding into new industries, both nations can secure a resilient and prosperous future built on mutual growth and collaboration,” he said.

Dr. Saud Al-Otaibi, a political science professor at King Abdulaziz University, emphasized that shared interests bind Saudi Arabia and the US, benefiting both nations.

He noted that Saudi Arabia, as a pivotal regional power, leverages its positive relationship with the US to promote stability and peace in the Middle East.

“Saudi Arabia plays a central role in the region and uses its soft power to influence its surroundings positively,” Al-Otaibi said. “It consistently works toward regional stability and security through foreign policies aimed at the greater good.

Al-Otaibi highlighted Saudi Arabia’s strategy of diversifying its partnerships, maintaining strong ties with major powers like Russia and China while strengthening its relationship with the US.

He explained that these efforts are rooted in a commitment to global peace and security.

“Saudi Arabia’s partnership with the US remains crucial given America’s influence and the kingdom’s pragmatic approach to addressing regional challenges,” he said.

“The historical record demonstrates Saudi Arabia’s realistic and balanced perspective in navigating complex issues, making this relationship essential for both nations,” added Al-Otaibi.