Sudanese Group to Gather 10 Million Signatures for Climate

Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo
Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo
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Sudanese Group to Gather 10 Million Signatures for Climate

Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo
Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo

Sudanese environmental activists have launched a campaign to gather 10 million signatures supporting the fight against climate change impact in Sudan by 2030.
The campaign targets university students, environment and climate advocates, and all people who might be interested. The Sudanese Sustainability Initiative, which launched the campaign, seeks to polarize the younger generation given the crucial role they can play in changing their community.

Rafka Bakri, programs coordinator at the Sudanese Sustainability Initiative, says: "The campaign, in addition to many projects such as "Green," and "Sustainability," are part of the initiative's 13th goal focusing on climate change.

Rafka sees that despite the lost time and the growing climate crisis, awareness of the environmental issues is still weak among the youth.

Activist Mohammed Abdullah Harasi hopes the campaign would achieve its goal and collect the 10 million signatures needed to support the climate-related efforts, and protect the environment by encouraging youth on launching programs that promote a cleaner environment, and raise awareness of the importance of reducing harmful emissions.

Holding a poster highlighting the climate change challenge, Asia Abu Jadiri, head of the campaign explains their plan to collect the signatures, saying: "We are committed to four goals, including the fight against climate change. We work in partnership with prominent universities like Al Khartoum University, Omdurman Ahlia University, and the Bahri University."

Abu Jadiri believes environmental issues in her country are many and lack the required attention. "We encourage youth to use eco-friendly products, build green sustainable cities, protect rivers, seas, and forests, in addition to recycling wastes and preserving the environment to achieve the 2030 strategy," she noted.

Abu Jadiri sees that adjusting environmental behaviors will make a difference on the long term, especially that 60 percent of the Sudanese population are youth, and the contribution of those 10 million young men and women will remarkably change the worsening environmental situation in Sudan.

"The 10 million signature campaign is not our first project. We started in 2018 in response to the global and deep movement for the climate, and following the democratic shift in Sudan, which recognized the great role played by the younger generation and its will to build a better society. We have many projects including "Green," in which we forested large lands and planted thousands of trees to promote the idea of a greener city. For a better environmental awareness, we launched the Sustainability Forum to discuss sustainability matters and study the successful experiences in this field; we also launched the Studio Program on social media to share lectures highlighting the goals of sustainability."

Among the campaign members is the Sudanese team partaking in the world climate challenge organized by the US organization The Green Team Academy.

Sudan submitted a report in 2020 on the environmental status in the country. It is the first to cover all the environmental conditions in the country and the trends that affected it following the conflict. The report also combined several field studies on the environmental impact of the conflict, which ended with a comprehensive peace agreement in 2005.



Artificial Glaciers Boost Water Supply in Northern Pakistan

The ice forms in the shape of cones that resemble Buddhist stupas, and act as a storage system -- steadily melting throughout spring when temperatures rise. Manzoor BALTI / AFP
The ice forms in the shape of cones that resemble Buddhist stupas, and act as a storage system -- steadily melting throughout spring when temperatures rise. Manzoor BALTI / AFP
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Artificial Glaciers Boost Water Supply in Northern Pakistan

The ice forms in the shape of cones that resemble Buddhist stupas, and act as a storage system -- steadily melting throughout spring when temperatures rise. Manzoor BALTI / AFP
The ice forms in the shape of cones that resemble Buddhist stupas, and act as a storage system -- steadily melting throughout spring when temperatures rise. Manzoor BALTI / AFP

At the foot of Pakistan's impossibly high mountains whitened by frost all year round, farmers grappling with a lack of water have created their own ice towers.
Warmer winters as a result of climate change has reduced the snow fall and subsequent seasonal snowmelt that feeds the valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan, a remote region home to K2, the world's second-highest peak.

Farmers in the Skardu valley, at an altitude of up to 2,600 meters (8,200 feet) in the shadow of the Karakoram mountain range, searched online for help in how to irrigate their apple and apricot orchards.

"We discovered artificial glaciers on YouTube," Ghulam Haider Hashmi told AFP.

They watched the videos of Sonam Wangchuk, an environmental activist and engineer in the Indian region of Ladakh, less than 200 kilometers away across a heavily patrolled border, who developed the technique about 10 years ago.

Water is piped from streams into the village, and sprayed into the air during the freezing winter temperatures.

"The water must be propelled so that it freezes in the air when temperatures drop below zero, creating ice towers," said Zakir Hussain Zakir, a professor at the University of Baltistan.

The ice forms in the shape of cones that resemble Buddhist stupas, and act as a storage system -- steadily melting throughout spring when temperatures rise.

'Ice stupas'
Gilgit-Baltistan has 13,000 glaciers -- more than any other country on Earth outside the polar regions.
Their beauty has made the region one of the country's top tourist destinations -- towering peaks loom over the Old Silk Road, still visible from a highway transporting tourists between cherry orchards, glaciers and ice-blue lakes.

Sher Muhammad, a specialist in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan mountain range that stretches from Afghanistan to Myanmar, however said most of the region's water supply comes from snow melt in spring, with a fraction from annual glacial melt in summers.

"From late October until early April, we were receiving heavy snowfall. But in the past few years, it's quite dry," Muhammad, a researcher at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), told AFP.

The first "ice stupas" in Gilgit-Baltistan were created in 2018.

Now, more than 20 villages make them every winter, and "more than 16,000 residents have access to water without having to build reservoirs or tanks", said Rashid-ud-Din, provincial head of GLOF-2, a UN-Pakistan plan to adapt to the effects of climate change.

Farmer Muhammad Raza told AFP that eight stupas were built in his village of Hussainabad this winter, trapping approximately 20 million liters of water in the ice.

"We no longer have water shortages during planting," he said, since the open-air reservoirs appeared on the slopes of the valley.

"Before, we had to wait for the glaciers to melt in June to get water, but the stupas saved our fields," said Ali Kazim, also a farmer in the valley.

Harvest seasons multiply
Before the stupas, "we planted our crops in May", said 26-year-old Bashir Ahmed who grows potatoes, wheat and barley in nearby Pari village which has also adopted the method.

And "we only had one growing season, whereas now we can plant two or three times" a year.

Temperatures in Pakistan rose twice as fast between 1981 and 2005 compared to the global average, putting the country on the front line of climate change impacts, including water scarcity.

Its 240 million inhabitants live in a territory that is 80 percent arid or semi-arid and depends on rivers and streams originating in neighboring countries for more than three-quarters of its water.

Glaciers are melting rapidly in Pakistan and across the world, with a few exceptions including the Karakoram mountain range, increasing the risk of flooding and reducing water supply over the long term.

"Faced with climate change, there are neither rich nor poor, neither urban nor rural; the whole world has become vulnerable," said 24-year-old Yasir Parvi.

"In our village, with the ice stupas, we decided to take a chance."