Al-Falih: We Have Quadrupled Foreign Investment Flows

25 May 2022, Switzerland, Davos: Khalid al-Falih, Minister of Investment of Saudi Arabia, speaks during the "Saudi Arabia Outlook" session at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos-Klosters. (World Economic Forum/dpa)
25 May 2022, Switzerland, Davos: Khalid al-Falih, Minister of Investment of Saudi Arabia, speaks during the "Saudi Arabia Outlook" session at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos-Klosters. (World Economic Forum/dpa)
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Al-Falih: We Have Quadrupled Foreign Investment Flows

25 May 2022, Switzerland, Davos: Khalid al-Falih, Minister of Investment of Saudi Arabia, speaks during the "Saudi Arabia Outlook" session at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos-Klosters. (World Economic Forum/dpa)
25 May 2022, Switzerland, Davos: Khalid al-Falih, Minister of Investment of Saudi Arabia, speaks during the "Saudi Arabia Outlook" session at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos-Klosters. (World Economic Forum/dpa)

It might seem somewhat strange for one of the biggest electric car producers to open a factory in one of the world’s major oil-producing countries, but it actually boils down to the story of the most exciting economic transformation of the 21st century.

“It is one of the most exciting projects for us, and a project that I am personally proud of,” said Saudi Investment Minister Khalid al-Falih about Lucid Motors opening a factory for assembling electric automobiles in Saudi Arabia.

During an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos, al-Falih said that he expects the size of the Saudi economy to grow to between $1.7 and $1.8 trillion by 2030, placing Saudi Arabia among the 15 largest economies in the world.

Al-Falih praised significant improvement in the performance of investment indicators. He pointed out the doubling of foreign direct investment flows by about four times in recent years.

The minister highlighted the series of reforms pursued by Saudi Arabia in its business environment and investment systems.

He also revealed that Saudi Arabia aims to attract more than $100 billion in foreign investments by 2030.

A trillion dollar economy

Voicing great optimism about economic growth in the Kingdom, al-Falih said the Saudi economy is on the right path to cross the threshold of one trillion dollars in 2022, compared to about $650 billion before launching its national economic transformation plan Vision 2030.

In addition to economic growth, he stressed the importance of examining the composition of the Saudi economy.

“The oil and gas sector will remain important during the next three decades and will continue to grow, but its contribution to the economy will decline,” he went on to say.

“The year 2021, for example, witnessed a growth of non-oil activities by 6%, while the growth of oil activities amounted to about 0.2% due to the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic,” he added.

Promising sectors

The minister expected non-oil industries to grow significantly in the coming years, pointing out that the contribution of the tourism sector, for example, to the gross domestic product will exceed 10% by 2030.

Al-Falih believes that the growth of new and promising sectors would contribute to stimulating investment in entire value chains, such as: tourism, hotels, entertainment, retail, logistics, culture, and others.

He shed light on the importance of the information technology sector, adding that it is expected to witness significant growth in coming years.

“As a sector in itself, it provides infrastructure that serves all other sectors,” said the minister, citing the two examples of financial technology (Fintech) and e-commerce.

Moreover, al-Falih highlighted the importance of the logistics sector as one of the promising sectors in the plan for growth and diversification of the Saudi economy.

He predicted that significant investments will be made in this sector, which includes several areas such as transporting people, goods, and commodities, and distributing parcels by air, sea, and land.

Al-Falih also believes that the value chains associated with the health sector are “very large,” and include scientific research, entrepreneurship, health technology, and others.

The official pointed to some other sectors that will play a pivotal role in supporting growth. They include education, modern agriculture, and water.

“We traditionally view them as a burden on the state, but this will transform as they witness privatization, and become attractive to investment. This will allow these sectors to generate their own revenue,” al-Falih told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Renewable energy

Despite predicting a growing demand for oil and gas on a world scale, al-Falih explained that the new restructuring of the Saudi economy necessitates the growth of renewable energy at a rate greater than oil and gas.

Renewable energy sources, whether solar or wind, aim to produce electricity with a capacity that meets 50% of domestic demand in the medium term, clarified al-Falih, adding that there are plans for converting it into energy for export through interconnection cables .

Factors encouraging investment

Al-Falih underscored the important role played by private investments, part of which is led by the Public Investment Fund, in developing economic sectors.

The minister considered that the regulatory environment may be the first obstacle to foreign investment in some sectors, pointing to the most prominent reforms that have been pursued in terms of improving the investment atmosphere.

“We have made it possible for foreign investors to have full ownership of businesses in most sectors, access investment opportunities and conclude partnerships with Saudi investors if they wish to do so,” said al-Falih.

“We have also facilitated entering the Saudi market and obtaining licenses,” he added.

Al-Falih said his ministry is working today to ensure clarity and transparency in all sectoral strategies which are available online in both Arabic and English.

“I am proud that we have been able to multiply foreign investment flows in the Kingdom by about four-fold in recent years (from about $ 5 billion to $ 20 billion in 2021),” he remarked.

He revealed that Saudi Arabia aims to attract more than $100 billion in foreign investments by 2030, pointing out that work is in full swing to enhance investment incentives in non-traditional knowledge-based sectors (such as health technology, education and modern agriculture), by strengthening digital infrastructure, talent development, and research.



The Future of Revenues in Syria: Challenges and Opportunities for the Interim Government

A money changer conducts a transaction in US dollars and Syrian pounds for a client on a street in Damascus (AFP)
A money changer conducts a transaction in US dollars and Syrian pounds for a client on a street in Damascus (AFP)
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The Future of Revenues in Syria: Challenges and Opportunities for the Interim Government

A money changer conducts a transaction in US dollars and Syrian pounds for a client on a street in Damascus (AFP)
A money changer conducts a transaction in US dollars and Syrian pounds for a client on a street in Damascus (AFP)

Syria faces significant challenges as discussions intensify about the post-Bashar al-Assad era, particularly in securing the necessary revenues for the Syrian interim government to meet the country’s needs and ensure its sustainability. The widespread destruction of the economy and infrastructure poses a dual challenge: rebuilding the nation while stimulating economic activity and ensuring sufficient financial resources for governance.

Currently, the interim government relies heavily on international and regional support during the transitional phase. Donor countries are expected to provide financial and technical assistance to help rebuild institutions and alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people.

However, as the country transitions, external support alone will not suffice. The government must identify sustainable revenue sources, such as managing natural resources, imposing taxes, and encouraging foreign investments.

Opportunities from the Syrian Diaspora

The Syrian diaspora is seen as a significant economic resource, contributing through remittances or involvement in reconstruction projects. However, realizing these opportunities requires the establishment of strong, transparent institutions, effective resource management, and a clear strategic plan to rebuild trust with both local and international communities.

Securing revenues for the interim government is not merely a financial challenge but also a test of its ability to lead Syria toward stability and prosperity.

Securing Economic Resources

Nasser Zuhair, head of the Economic and Diplomatic Affairs Unit at the European Policy Organization, stated that the interim government, currently led by Mohammed al-Bashir, may replicate its revenue-generating models from Idlib. Resources in Idlib were drawn from temporary measures that are insufficient for sustaining a national economy like Syria’s.

In an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat, Zuhair explained that these resources included taxation, fuel trade with Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF)-controlled areas, international aid for displaced persons in Idlib, remittances from the Syrian diaspora, and cross-border trade facilitated by Turkiye.

“The interim government believes that sanctions relief is a matter of months, after which it can begin to establish a sustainable economy. For now, it will rely on the same resources and strategies used in Idlib and other controlled areas,” Zuhair added.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the former regime’s reliance on illicit revenues, such as drug trafficking and Captagon production—estimated to account for 25% of government revenues—the interim government has several potential avenues for generating revenue.

International Aid

Zuhair emphasized that cross-border humanitarian aid indirectly supports local economies. “The current government understands that international and regional aid will be substantial in the coming period, particularly for refugee repatriation and infrastructure development,” he noted.

He added that efforts to secure funding from the Brussels Conference, which allocates about $7 billion annually to support Syria, will be critical. Strengthening ties with regional and European countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Germany, and the UK, is also a priority. However, securing such aid depends on establishing a political framework where Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) does not dominate governance.

He further noted that international and regional support will likely remain a key revenue source for the interim government, including humanitarian and developmental aid from organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank.

Taxes and Tariffs

Zuhair highlighted taxes and tariffs as essential components of the government’s revenue strategy. This includes taxing local economic activities, customs duties on cross-border trade, and fair taxes on merchants and industrialists in major cities like Damascus and Aleppo.

“The government can also impose income, corporate, and property taxes while improving border management to maximize revenue from customs and tariffs,” he added.

Agriculture and Natural Resources

Syria’s vast and fertile agricultural lands present an opportunity for revenue generation, Zuhair underlined, explaining that taxes on agricultural products could contribute to state income. However, this sector faces logistical challenges and high production costs. By directing the agricultural sector toward self-sufficiency, the government could reduce dependence on imports and create surplus revenue, he remarked.

Additionally, managing natural resources such as oil and gas could provide a significant revenue stream if the government gains control over resource-rich areas like northeastern Syria, the official noted.

Reconstruction

Reconstruction presents another potential revenue source. International companies could be encouraged to invest in rebuilding efforts in exchange for fees or taxes. Public-private partnerships with local and foreign firms in sectors such as infrastructure and housing could also generate significant funds.

Remittances from the Diaspora

Zuhair stressed the importance of remittances from Syrians abroad, estimating that these transfers could reach $2 billion annually by 2025. Encouraging the diaspora to send funds to support family members and rebuild properties will be a key priority for the government.

Domestic Investments

The interim government has shown its ability to attract domestic investments in real estate, industry, commerce, and agriculture, despite international sanctions. According to Zuhair, leveraging Türkiye as an international gateway, the government could expand this model across Syria, taking advantage of the challenging economic conditions left by the previous regime to draw reasonable investments in its first year.

Tourism and Small Businesses

Revitalizing the tourism sector could directly contribute to revenue, he added, noting that restoring historical and cultural sites, once security and stability are achieved, will attract visitors and generate income.

In addition, encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises will help revive the economy and create jobs, Zuhair emphasized, pointing that supporting manufacturing industries could provide a sustainable revenue stream.