Turkish efforts to ease a global food crisis by negotiating safe passage for grain stuck in Black Sea ports met resistance as Ukraine said Russia was imposing unreasonable conditions and the Kremlin said free shipment depended on an end to sanctions.
The war between Russia and Ukraine, the world's third and fourth largest grain exporters respectively, has added to food price inflation and put global food supplies at risk.
Russia has seized large parts of Ukraine's coast in nearly 15 weeks of war and its warships control the Black and Azov Seas, blocking Ukraine's farm exports and driving up the cost of grain.
Ukraine and the West accuse Moscow of weaponizing food supplies. Russia says Ukrainian mines laid at sea and international sanctions on Moscow are to blame.
Speaking alongside his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov, Turkey's foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said talks on Wednesday in Ankara were fruitful and restarting Ukrainian grain exports along a sea corridor was reasonable.
Lavrov said the onus was on Ukraine to de-mine its ports as a precondition for safe shipment.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters Russian grain volumes could only be delivered to international markets if sanctions were lifted. He said there were "no substantive talks about this yet."
The United Nations is working on plans to restart grain exports from Ukraine's Black Sea ports, with Turkey possibly providing naval escorts to ensure safe passage. The United Nations last week described talks with Russia on grain exports as constructive.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said on Wednesday that senior UN officials held talks with Ankara, Brussels, Kyiv, Moscow, and Washington in the past 10 days, but he did not want to "jeopardize the chances of success" by commenting further.
"This is one of those moments when silent diplomacy is necessary - and the welfare of millions of people around the world could depend on it," Guterres told reporters.
'Insufficient force'
Among the many challenges, Ukraine's ambassador to Turkey said on Wednesday that Russia was putting forward unreasonable proposals, such as checking vessels.
A Ukrainian official also cast doubt on Turkey's power to mediate the free passage of blocked Ukrainian grain.
"Turkey as a guarantor is an insufficient force in the Black Sea to guarantee the safety of cargo," director of Ukrainian grain traders' union UGA Serhiy Ivashchenko told an online conference on Wednesday.
He said it could take at least two-to-three months to remove mines from Ukrainian ports and that the Turkish and Romanian navies should be involved.
Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelenskiy said this week Ukraine had discussed with Britain and Turkey the idea of a navy from a third country guaranteeing safe passage for Ukraine's grain exports through the Black Sea.
Ukraine exported up to 6 million tons of grain a month before Russia launched its invasion on Feb. 24. Moscow calls its action a special military operation.
Volumes have since fallen to about 1 million tons as Ukraine, which used to export most of its goods through seaports, has been forced to transport grain by train via its western border or via its small Danube river ports.
Even with increased loading and handling capacity, the state railway Ukrzaliznytsia said Danube ports and trains cannot compensate for the lack of seaports.
Valerii Tkachov, deputy director of Ukrzaliznytsia commercial department, told Wednesday's online grain conference the maximum volume of grain it can deliver to exports could rise to 1.5 million tons a month over the coming weeks from around 800,000 tons in May.
But he said the was a significant build-up of grain wagons at border crossings and the cargo might have to wait at least a month to cross them.
