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Washington Re-establishes Middle East Alliances

Biden boarded Air Force One on his way to the region on Tuesday evening (AP)
Biden boarded Air Force One on his way to the region on Tuesday evening (AP)
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Washington Re-establishes Middle East Alliances

Biden boarded Air Force One on his way to the region on Tuesday evening (AP)
Biden boarded Air Force One on his way to the region on Tuesday evening (AP)

Re-establishing US-Arab relations, breaking the stalemate in the Palestinian-Israeli peace process, and strengthening the alliance facing Iran are some of the key topics figuring high on the agenda of US President Joe Biden's visit to the region.

Expanded tasks that the US administration has presented to itself in the region, which Biden addressed in his July 9 article in the Washington Post, calls into question the chances of success in achieving some or all of the goals in light of an increasingly complex and ambiguous international situation.

Although Biden’s article talked about the easing of the pressure that the region has been experiencing in the past few years, deep doubts surround the progress that might be made by the tour that includes Israel, the West Bank and Saudi Arabia.

Each of these stations has its own concerns.

In Israel, Biden will try to reassure Tel Aviv of US support for Israeli security, especially considering its confrontation with Iran.

The Israeli government today has distanced itself from internal US political disputes, unlike what former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu did.

Netanyahu had publicly sided with one side against another in matters of US elections. He supported candidates whom he saw as supporters of Israel, especially regarding the Iran's nuclear.

Netanyahu’s position had seriously hurt US-Israeli relations, forcing his successors, Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid, to seek fixing the damage by returning to Israeli neutrality regarding US domestic policy.

Similar conditions apply to Palestinian relations with Washington.

Former President Donald Trump to Israel had moved the US embassy to Jerusalem, stopped aid to the Palestinian National Authority and closed the representative office of the Palestinian Liberation Organization in Washington.

In his Washington Post article, Biden talked about the resumption of aid to Palestinians, amounting to $500 million annually, and the resumption of relations with Ramallah.

However, major elements of the US agenda will be discussed in Biden’s Jeddah meetings.

Energy issues that have become stifling following the outbreak of the Russian war on Ukraine, the Iranian-Western negotiations regarding reviving the nuclear agreement that Trump canceled in 2018, and the formulation of new US-Arab relations are among the things that made Biden realize that his personal presence is required in the region.

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Hezbollah’s ‘Statelet’ in Syria’s Qusayr Under Israeli Fire

Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)
Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)
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Hezbollah’s ‘Statelet’ in Syria’s Qusayr Under Israeli Fire

Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)
Smoke billows from al-Qusayr in western Syria following an attack. (SANA)

Israel has expanded its strikes against Hezbollah in Syria by targeting the al-Qusayr region in Homs.

Israel intensified its campaign against Hezbollah in Lebanon in September and has in the process struck legal and illegal borders between Lebanon and Syria that are used to smuggle weapons to the Iran-backed party. Now, it has expanded its operations to areas of Hezbollah influence inside Syria itself.

Qusayr is located around 20 kms from the Lebanese border. Israeli strikes have destroyed several bridges in the area, including one stretching over the Assi River that is a vital connection between Qusayr and several towns in Homs’ eastern and western countrysides.

Israel has also hit main and side roads and Syrian regime checkpoints in the area.

The Israeli army announced that the latest attacks targeted roads that connect the Syrian side of the border to Lebanon and that are used to smuggle weapons to Hezbollah.

Qusayr is strategic position for Hezbollah. The Iran-backed party joined the fight alongside the Syrian regime against opposition factions in the early years of the Syrian conflict, which began in 2011. Hezbollah confirmed its involvement in Syria in 2013.

Hezbollah waged its earliest battles in Syria against the “Free Syrian Army” in Qusayr. After two months of fighting, the party captured the region in mid-June 2013. By then, it was completely destroyed and its population fled to Lebanon.

A source from the Syrian opposition said Hezbollah has turned Qusayr and its countryside to its own “statelet”.

It is now the backbone of its military power and the party has the final say in the area even though regime forces are deployed there, it told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“Qusayr is critical for Hezbollah because of its close proximity to the Lebanese border,” it added.

Several of Qusayr’s residents have since returned to their homes. But the source clarified that only regime loyalists and people whom Hezbollah “approves” of have returned.

The region has become militarized by Hezbollah. It houses training centers for the party and Shiite militias loyal to Iran whose fighters are trained by Hezbollah, continued the source.

Since Israel intensified its attacks against Hezbollah in Lebanon, the party moved the majority of its fighters to Qusayr, where the party also stores large amounts of its weapons, it went on to say.

In 2016, Shiite Hezbollah staged a large military parade at the al-Dabaa airport in Qusayr that was seen as a message to the displaced residents, who are predominantly Sunni, that their return home will be impossible, stressed the source.

Even though the regime has deployed its forces in Qusayr, Hezbollah ultimately holds the greatest sway in the area.

Qusayr is therefore of paramount importance to Hezbollah, which will be in no way willing to cede control of.

Lebanese military expert Brig. Gen Saeed Al-Qazah told Asharq Al-Awsat that Qusayr is a “fundamental logistic position for Hezbollah.”

He explained that it is where the party builds its rockets and drones that are delivered from Iran. It is also where the party builds the launchpads for firing its Katyusha and grad rockets.

Qazah added that Qusayr is also significant for its proximity to Lebanon’s al-Hermel city and northeastern Bekaa region where Hezbollah enjoys popular support and where its arms deliveries pass through on their way to the South.

Qazah noted that Israel has not limited its strikes in Qusayr to bridges and main and side roads, but it has also hit trucks headed to Lebanon, stressing that Israel has its eyes focused deep inside Syria, not just the border.