Saudi Exhibit Offers Immersive Look at Prophet’s Hijrah Trek

This picture shows an installation related to the 1,400-year-old story of the Hijrah, Prophet Mohammed's migration from Makkah to Madinah , at the Ithra Museum in the eastern Saudi city of Dhahran, on July 30, 2022. (AFP)
This picture shows an installation related to the 1,400-year-old story of the Hijrah, Prophet Mohammed's migration from Makkah to Madinah , at the Ithra Museum in the eastern Saudi city of Dhahran, on July 30, 2022. (AFP)
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Saudi Exhibit Offers Immersive Look at Prophet’s Hijrah Trek

This picture shows an installation related to the 1,400-year-old story of the Hijrah, Prophet Mohammed's migration from Makkah to Madinah , at the Ithra Museum in the eastern Saudi city of Dhahran, on July 30, 2022. (AFP)
This picture shows an installation related to the 1,400-year-old story of the Hijrah, Prophet Mohammed's migration from Makkah to Madinah , at the Ithra Museum in the eastern Saudi city of Dhahran, on July 30, 2022. (AFP)

A Saudi museum is using filmed re-enactments and contemporary artwork to depict a key episode from Prophet Mohammed's life that led to the establishment of the Muslim community.

The exhibition seeks to illustrate -- and enliven -- the 1,400-year-old story of the Hijrah, when Prophet Mohammed, threatened with assassination, undertook an eight-day, 400-kilometer (250-mile) migration from Makkah to Madinah.

Opened to the public this week, it will be housed for nine months at the Ithra Museum in the eastern city of Dhahran before touring domestically and then abroad.

Most Muslims know the Hijrah story in broad strokes, though never has it been presented in such an immersive way, according to Saudi scholar Abdullah Hussein Alkadi.

It incorporates everything from centuries-old artifacts to modern-day drone footage, said Alkadi, who has spent decades studying the Hijrah and whose research formed the foundation of the exhibition.

People "know that the Prophet migrated from Makkah to Madinah -- that's it," Alkadi said, lamenting that the material was not thoroughly covered in schools.

It should be equally eye-opening for non-Muslims who might not know the story at all, conveying messages -- like the need for tolerance towards migrants -- that are relatable for everyone, Alkadi said.

"You have to have tolerance. If you don't have tolerance with all types of people -- regardless of their religion, regardless of their ethnicity, regardless of their gender or whatever -- no way can you live a peaceful life," he said.

Three years in the making, the exhibition features work by academics and artists from 20 countries.

Short films by American director Ovidio Salazar depict how elders from the Quraysh tribe plotted to kill the Prophet Mohammed, prompting him to flee, and an encounter with the bounty hunter Suraqah, who was offered 100 camels to return the Prophet dead or alive.

Museum-goers will also see a life-size replica of the Prophet's cherished camel Qaswa, contemporary photographs from the Hijrah route and textiles from the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah.

Other elements are more interpretive, notably a piece by Saudi artist Zahra Al Ghamdi, whose works have previously shown at the Venice Biennale and the British Museum.

For the Hijrah exhibition, Al Ghamdi spent five months dipping pieces of fabric in mud and clay and knotting them together.

The knots, displayed against a white backdrop, are meant to signify the bonds between the residents of Madinah and Prophet Mohammed and his followers.

"Through this work, I am making an appeal to revive and bring to life this concept of brotherhood, which gives meaning to life," she said.



Tunisia Women Herb Harvesters Struggle with Drought and Heat

A woman harvests aromatic and medicinal plants in the mountains of Tbainia village near the city of Ain Drahem, in the northwest of Tunisia on November 6, 2024. (AFP)
A woman harvests aromatic and medicinal plants in the mountains of Tbainia village near the city of Ain Drahem, in the northwest of Tunisia on November 6, 2024. (AFP)
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Tunisia Women Herb Harvesters Struggle with Drought and Heat

A woman harvests aromatic and medicinal plants in the mountains of Tbainia village near the city of Ain Drahem, in the northwest of Tunisia on November 6, 2024. (AFP)
A woman harvests aromatic and medicinal plants in the mountains of Tbainia village near the city of Ain Drahem, in the northwest of Tunisia on November 6, 2024. (AFP)

On a hillside in Tunisia's northwestern highlands, women scour a sun-scorched field for the wild herbs they rely on for their livelihoods, but droughts and rising temperatures are making it ever harder to find the precious plants.

Yet the harvesters say they have little choice but to struggle on, as there are few opportunities in a country hit hard by unemployment, inflation and high living costs.

"There is a huge difference between the situation in the past and what we are living now," said Mabrouka Athimni, who heads a local collective of women herb harvesters named "Al Baraka" ("Blessing").

"We're earning half, sometimes just a third, of what we used to."

Tunisia produces around 10,000 tons of aromatic and medicinal herbs each year, according to official figures.

Rosemary accounts for more than 40 percent of essential oil exports, mainly destined for French and American markets.

For the past 20 years, Athimni's collective has supported numerous families in Tbainia, a village near the city of Ain Draham in a region with much higher poverty rates than the national average.

Women, who make up around 70 percent of the agricultural workforce, are the main breadwinners for their households in Tbainia.

- 'Yield less' -

Tunisia is in its sixth year of drought and has seen its water reserves dwindle, as temperatures have soared past 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) in some areas during the summer.

The country has 36 dams, mostly in the northwest, but they are currently just 20 percent full -- a record low in recent decades.

The Tbainia women said they usually harvested plants like eucalyptus, rosemary and mastic year-round, but shrinking water resources and rare rainfall have siphoned oil output.

"The mountain springs are drying up, and without snow or rain to replenish them, the herbs yield less oil," said Athimni.

Mongia Soudani, a 58-year-old harvester and mother of three, said her work was her household's only income. She joined the collective five years ago.

"We used to gather three or four large sacks of herbs per harvest," she said. "Now, we're lucky to fill just one."

Forests in Tunisia cover 1.25 million hectares, about 10 percent of them in the northwestern region.

Wildfires fueled by drought and rising temperatures have ravaged these woodlands, further diminishing the natural resources that women like Soudani depend on.

In the summer of last year, wildfires destroyed around 1,120 hectares near Tbainia.

"Parts of the mountain were consumed by flames, and other women lost everything," Soudani recalled.

To adapt to some climate-driven challenges, the women received training from international organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), to preserve forest resources.

Still, Athimni struggles to secure a viable income.

"I can't fulfil my clients' orders anymore because the harvest has been insufficient," she said.

The collective has lost a number of its customers as a result, she said.

- 'No longer sustainable' -

A recent study by the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights (FTDES) highlighted how climate-induced damage to forests had severely impacted local communities.

"Women in particular suffer the consequences as their activities become more difficult and arduous," the study said.

Tunisia has ratified key international environmental agreements, including the 2015 Paris Climate Accord.

But environmental justice researcher Ines Labiadh, who oversaw the FTDES study, said implementation "remains incomplete".

In the face of these woes, the Tbainia harvesters, like many women working in the sector, will be forced to seek alternative livelihoods, said Labiadh.

"They have no choice but to diversify their activities," she said. "Relying solely on natural resources is no longer sustainable."

Back in the field, Bachra Ben Salah strives to collect whatever herbs she can lay her hands on.

"There's nothing we can do but wait for God's mercy," she said.