Syria is World’s Worst Country in Recruiting, Using Children in Armed Conflict

 A girl died in a Russian raid that targeted a house in al-Jdayde city in July 2022. (DPA)
A girl died in a Russian raid that targeted a house in al-Jdayde city in July 2022. (DPA)
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Syria is World’s Worst Country in Recruiting, Using Children in Armed Conflict

 A girl died in a Russian raid that targeted a house in al-Jdayde city in July 2022. (DPA)
A girl died in a Russian raid that targeted a house in al-Jdayde city in July 2022. (DPA)

The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) commented on a report by the UN Secretary-General on children, considering it a main source of information for violations against children in Syria through cooperation and partnership with the UNICEF’s Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM).

The UN report said Syria is reportedly the worst in the world in terms of recruiting and using children.

The Syrian regime and its allies topped the list of violations related to killing and maiming, while the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) came second.

The National Army led the armed opposition factions in recruiting children, followed by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, and the SDF came third.

In June, the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres submitted his annual report to the UN Security Council on Children and Armed Conflict in 2021.

The report underlined the trends regarding the impact of armed conflict on children and information on violations committed in several countries, including Syria.

It specified those engaged in the violations against children, namely the recruitment and use of children, the killing and maiming of children, rape and other forms of sexual violence against children, attacks on schools, hospitals and protected persons in relation to schools and/or hospitals, and the abduction of children.

The UN verified 2,271 grave violations against 2,202 children (1,824 boys, 235 girls, 143 sex unknown). In addition, 74 grave violations against 73 children (58 boys, 14 girls, 1 sex unknown) that occurred in previous years were verified in 2021.

In the report, it is noted that attacks or threats of attacks on community and civic leaders, on human rights defenders and on monitors of violations against children are a cause for concern and a strain on the monitoring capacity.

While Guterres’s report used the term “pro-government air forces,” the SNHR said it believes it would have been better to specifically identify the Russian forces, being the only ally of the Syrian regime with aerial capabilities.

The UN verified the recruitment and use of 1,296 children (1,258 boys, 38 girls), Most of who were used in combat, specifically 1,285 children.

The SNHR noted that this figure is higher than that recorded in Guterres’s previous report, which documented the recruitment and use of 837 children in Syria in 2020.

Monday’s report indicated that all Syrian opposition factions (the Syrian National Army) were responsible for the largest number of cases involving recruitment and use of children in this period, with 596 cases, followed by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham with 380.

The SDF came third by recruiting and using 245 children.



Iraqi PM Suspends Popular Mobilization Forces Retirement Law

Al-Sudani alongside PMF Chairman Faleh Al-Fayyadh and Chief of Staff “Abu Fadak” (Archive - Government Media)
Al-Sudani alongside PMF Chairman Faleh Al-Fayyadh and Chief of Staff “Abu Fadak” (Archive - Government Media)
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Iraqi PM Suspends Popular Mobilization Forces Retirement Law

Al-Sudani alongside PMF Chairman Faleh Al-Fayyadh and Chief of Staff “Abu Fadak” (Archive - Government Media)
Al-Sudani alongside PMF Chairman Faleh Al-Fayyadh and Chief of Staff “Abu Fadak” (Archive - Government Media)

The Iraqi government has withdrawn the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) Retirement Law from Parliament, pending amendments to reduce the number of PMF members and leaders set for retirement. Reports suggest that political factions are attempting to pass the law alongside the Accountability and Justice Law as part of a broader legislative deal.
A government source told Asharq Al-Awsat that Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani instructed the General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers to withdraw the PMF Service and Retirement Law to prevent legislative deadlock, as disputes over the bill had stalled parliamentary sessions for weeks.
Parliament was scheduled to meet on Tuesday afternoon, following a failed session on Saturday due to the lack of quorum. Shiite factions, particularly within the Coordination Framework, had insisted on including the PMF Retirement Law on the session’s agenda, delaying progress on other legislation.

The key point of contention within the Coordination Framework remains the retirement age stipulated in the bill. Reports indicate that the current provisions could force PMF Chairman Faleh Al-Fayyadh to step down. Al-Fayyadh has led the PMF since 2015, after being appointed by former Prime Minister Haider Al-Abadi following the rise of ISIS in 2014.
The PMF, formed in 2014 in response to a religious decree by top Shiite religious authority Ali Al-Sistani, played a crucial role in the fight against ISIS. However, ongoing political discussions suggest efforts to restructure the force, particularly amid US pressure and the possibility of financial sanctions targeting individuals and groups within the organization.
While it remains unclear if the government’s move is directly linked to international pressures, the suspension coincides with Sunni factions pushing to pass the Accountability and Justice Law.
Parliamentary sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Sunni parties are seeking to dismantle or significantly limit the powers of the Accountability and Justice Commission—which oversees De-Baathification policies—in exchange for supporting the PMF Retirement Law.
Established in 2005, the Accountability and Justice Commission led to the dismissal of thousands of former Baath Party members from government positions and the confiscation of their properties. Sunni parties argue that the law has been politically exploited to disqualify their candidates from elections.
Despite ongoing negotiations, lawmakers doubt that Parliament will reconvene during Ramadan, as disagreements over the PMF Retirement Law and the Accountability and Justice Law remain unresolved.