IMF: Gov. Strategy Helped the Saudi Economy

Saudi Arabia continues to support the strategy of reducing dependence on oil through the growth of private sector business (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Saudi Arabia continues to support the strategy of reducing dependence on oil through the growth of private sector business (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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IMF: Gov. Strategy Helped the Saudi Economy

Saudi Arabia continues to support the strategy of reducing dependence on oil through the growth of private sector business (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Saudi Arabia continues to support the strategy of reducing dependence on oil through the growth of private sector business (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) confirmed that government-led reforms and private investment growth in new sectors would help support non-oil economic growth in Saudi Arabia to be less dependent on oil.

The Saudi economy grew 8.7 percent last year, while the real GDP during the fourth quarter of 2022 increased 5.5 percent compared to Q4/2021, according to the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT).

The IMF projected that Saudi GDP growth would more than halve, to 3.1 percent, this year, in line with the forecast for Middle East oil exporters.

The forecast, however, is higher than the 2.6 percent growth rate that the IMF projected in January.

The director for the Middle East and Central Asia at the IMF, Jihad Azour, told Reuters that the oil sector is expected to slow down with the implementation of the new OPEC+ quotas.

Azour added that the impact on the Kingdom's budget depended on prices.

He said that the drop in production will affect growth because output will decline, and that revenues could grow, which could have a positive impact on both external accounts, the reserves, and the budget deficit.

Azour added that the government's strategy over the past five years has helped the Saudi and public finances to be less dependent on the oil cycle.

Azour went on to say that the non-oil economy is growing in Saudi Arabia, mainly driven by the private sector.

In addition, the IMF expected non-oil GDP growth in Saudi Arabia by 4.9 percent this year and 4.2 percent next year.

The Kingdom's economy would grow 3.1 percent this year, an upward revision of the previous estimate of 2.6 percent in January.

Saudi Arabia's oil exports are expected to reach 7.44 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2023 and 7.48 million bpd in 2024.

The IMF pointed out that the oil price that Saudi Arabia needs for budget breakeven is $80.90 per barrel in 2023, expecting the average oil price at $73.13 per barrel this year.

Meanwhile, the Riyad Bank Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) revealed that non-oil private sector companies witnessed a continuous improvement in overall performance during April, as new orders increased at the fastest rate since September 2014.

According to the index, the slight decline in export sales was offset by an increase in domestic demand, and job creation continued in April, as evidenced by the rise in total employment numbers for the 13th consecutive month.

The Kingdom's PMI went up to 59.6 in April from 58.7 in March, fractionally lower than the eight-year peak in February, when the metric hit 59.8.

The sharp and rapid increase in new business volume was the main driver of the rise in the index during April, and the growth rate of new orders was the fastest in just over eight and a half years.

Companies participating in the study commented on positive factors supporting customer demand, including the increase in tourists and consumer spending.

According to the report, job creation continued in April, as signaled by a rise in total employment numbers for the 13th month.

The report, however, noted that new orders from abroad declined for the first time since February 2022 due to intense competition and less favorable economic conditions in overseas markets.

Chief economist at Riyad Bank Naif al-Ghaith said the April PMI data highlighted another steep expansion of business activity across the Kingdom's non-oil private sector economy.

"We have witnessed rising tourism numbers, higher consumer spending, and new business opportunities related to major infrastructure projects," Gaith said, adding that long-term business expansion plans have made the rate of job creation slightly stronger than seen on average in the first quarter of 2023.



Iraq Oil Output Exceeds 5 million bpd

Majnoon oil field near the Iraqi city of Basra (Reuters)
Majnoon oil field near the Iraqi city of Basra (Reuters)
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Iraq Oil Output Exceeds 5 million bpd

Majnoon oil field near the Iraqi city of Basra (Reuters)
Majnoon oil field near the Iraqi city of Basra (Reuters)

Iraq produces more than 5 million barrels of oil per day (bpd), Oil Minister Basim Mohammed told state news agency INA on Saturday.

According to Reuters, Iraq is pushing for a higher OPEC production quota as the economic fallout from the Iran war and new investment by oil majors increase pressure on Baghdad to boost output, potentially putting it at odds with the producer group.

The conflict has hit Iraq particularly hard, forcing major export cuts and depriving the state of oil revenue, which accounted for 88% of government income last year.


IMF: Any Slowdown in AI-driven Growth Would be Factor for Central Banks

IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva speaks during the Annual Meetings Plenary at the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center (QSNCC) in Bangkok on October 16, 2026. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)
IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva speaks during the Annual Meetings Plenary at the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center (QSNCC) in Bangkok on October 16, 2026. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)
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IMF: Any Slowdown in AI-driven Growth Would be Factor for Central Banks

IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva speaks during the Annual Meetings Plenary at the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center (QSNCC) in Bangkok on October 16, 2026. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)
IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva speaks during the Annual Meetings Plenary at the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) at the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center (QSNCC) in Bangkok on October 16, 2026. (Photo by Lillian SUWANRUMPHA / AFP)

Central bankers around the world would need to consider any slowdown in AI-driven growth as they assess steps in their fight against inflation, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said on Friday.

Georgieva said concerns about dependence on the AI investment boom and high valuations were impacting markets around the world.

"Things are going up and down, and this is likely to continue," she told an audience at IMF headquarters in Washington, adding that the volatility would complicate the job of central banks at a time when risks to price stability had been growing.

A steep rout in technology stocks on Thursday rippled through markets on fears that ⁠the Democrats' victory ⁠in the US midterm elections would increase regulatory scrutiny of AI and slow the data center build-out, sending investors to the safety of bonds.

The political jitters are hitting an AI trade already on shaky footing due to worry about return on massive spending on AI-related infrastructure, with the meltdown spurring margin calls and spooking retail investors and hedge ⁠funds alike.

Georgieva said the AI investment boom was lifting growth in some countries, helping to offset a negative oil-supply shock triggered by the war in the Middle East, but it was also adding to inflationary pressures and financial stability concerns.

The IMF last month flagged significant growth and financial stability risks from a potential ending of the AI investment boom, among other factors, including a prolonged Middle East war. At the time, it warned that a steep drop in AI investment could lead to a sharp fall in asset prices, ultimately cutting global GDP ⁠by 1.1% ⁠by 2028, including a 1.8% drop in US output.

Georgieva did not repeat the downside forecast on Friday, but acknowledged the recent market volatility.

"Should there be a slowdown in the AI-driven growth impulse, it would need to be factored in as central banks assess the necessary steps in the fight against stubborn inflation," she said.

Democrats are planning to unleash a flood of new legislation targeting artificial intelligence systems and data-center development when they take control of the US Congress in January, Reuters reported on Friday, citing congressional aides and advocates.

That would mark a sharp shift from the Republican-led Congress, where lawmakers largely focused on promoting AI development and declined to pass legislation restricting the technology.


World Food Prices Dip in October, but Remain Higher Than a Year Ago

A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
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World Food Prices Dip in October, but Remain Higher Than a Year Ago

A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)
A worker carries loaves of bread for sale at a bakery in the capital city of Cairo, Egypt November 4, 2026. (Reuters)

World food prices edged lower in October as weaker import demand contributed to monthly declines in cereal, dairy and meat prices, but were still nearly 6% higher than a year earlier, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization said on Friday.

The FAO Food Price Index, which tracks monthly changes in international prices for a basket of food commodities, ‌averaged 133.9 points ‌in October, down from a revised ‌135.6 ⁠in September.

The index ⁠was 5.9% higher than a year earlier, but remained 16.4% below its March 2022 peak.

FAO's cereal price index fell 4.5% from September and was 12.6% lower than a year ago, as wheat and maize quotations declined. Wheat prices eased on weak import demand ⁠and improved production prospects, especially in Argentina.

"Expectations of ‌easing constraints on Black ‌Sea export flows added to the downward pressure on prices, ‌although continued disruptions to Black Sea logistics limited the decline," ‌FAO said in a statement.

Maize prices also eased after reaching a three-year high in September, pressured by the US harvest, expectations of ample supplies in South America and renewed ‌prospects of easing tensions in the Black Sea region.

Vegetable oil prices edged up 0.3%, ⁠as ⁠higher soybean and sunflower oil prices more than offset a fall in rapeseed oil prices.

Sugar prices rose 6.6%, their fourth straight monthly increase, to the highest level since December 2024, after rainfall disrupted harvesting in Brazil. They were now 28.8% above a year ago.

The dairy index fell 1.1%, as lower butter and cheese prices linked to ample supplies and subdued demand outweighed gains in milk powder.

The meat index declined 1.2%, while still slightly above its year-earlier level, as ovine and bovine meat prices fell.