FAO: Conflicts in Middle East Hamstring Efforts to Eradicate Hunger

FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative, Abdessalam Ould Ahmed during the report's launch in Cairo, Egypt (Asharq Al-Awsat)
FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative, Abdessalam Ould Ahmed during the report's launch in Cairo, Egypt (Asharq Al-Awsat)
TT

FAO: Conflicts in Middle East Hamstring Efforts to Eradicate Hunger

FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative, Abdessalam Ould Ahmed during the report's launch in Cairo, Egypt (Asharq Al-Awsat)
FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative, Abdessalam Ould Ahmed during the report's launch in Cairo, Egypt (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) called for increasing the cooperation and solidarity among the countries of the Near East and North Africa region to eradicate hunger, which affects about 40 million people in the region, according to official figures.

The organization also requested intensifying the efforts to end conflicts and achieve development after food insecurity levels in conflict countries were six times higher than that of more stable countries of the region.

FAO estimates that about 55.2 million people suffer from acute food insecurity in the region, confirming that 10.2 percent of the region's population suffer from malnutrition, while 12 percent suffer from food insecurity.

FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative, Abdessalam Ould Ahmed reiterated importance of establishing resilient and sustainable peace in the region is important for improving the well-being of the population.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Ould Ahmed stressed that no country in the region can succeed on its own because the countries are linked, adding that it is necessary to work together to compensate "lost opportunities" in comprehensive development, including food security.

In Cairo, FAO launched its 2017 report "Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition in the Near East and North Africa (NENA)" which highlights in particular how an ongoing intensification of violence is opening a wide "hunger gap" between countries being affected by conflicts and those that are not.

The report indicated that in countries directly impacted by conflict, 27.2 percent of all people were chronically hungry, or undernourished, during the 2014-2016 period, which is six times higher than the share of the population that was undernourished in countries not affected by strife.

Meanwhile, "severe food insecurity", one of FAO's metrics to measure hunger, in conflict-affected countries now is double that in non-conflict countries.

In a region largely made up of developing, middle-income countries, chronic hunger typically affects less than 5 percent of their populations. Violence in some of these countries has seen the proportion of chronically hungry people in conflict zones increase to levels comparable with the world's poorest countries.

This will make realistic progress towards eradicating hunger in the region using traditional tools of policy-making difficult, unless decisive steps towards peace and stability are taken, the report cautions.

The report highlights several regional countries being particularly affected by conflict, with profound consequences for people's incomes and food security.

In Syria, violence has provoked a 67 percent reduction in the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and severely undermined food security, as between 70 and 80 percent of Syrians now need humanitarian assistance, while 50 percent require food assistance.

In Iraq, the report stated that violence led to a 58 percent decline in GDP, with 30 percent of the population needing humanitarian assistance while 9 percent requires food assistance.

As for Yemen, the conflict led to a situation where 70 to 80 of the population in need of humanitarian assistance and 50 percent require food assistance.

Whereas in Libya, conflict is undermining food security with 6 percent of the population in need of food assistance, according to the report.

During the launch ceremony, FAO Assistant Director-General Ould Ahmed highlighted the pivotal importance of building resilience and sustaining peace in the Near East and North Africa region to improving peoples' well-being.

He pointed to "the growing need to implement long-term and comprehensive policies and practices to achieve Zero hunger by 2030," adding that "when countries in the region are suffering from an escalation of conflicts, the aim to tackle the region's deepest concerns of malnutrition, water scarcity and climate change becomes more challenging but at the same time more urgent".

Ould Ahmed concluded that only through improved cooperation and solidarity will the region be able to end conflicts and violence and get back to development.

FAO's report establishes a baseline for measuring future progress towards achieving the second goal of the SDG in the MENA region using the latest indicators for the SDG targets on hunger and food insecurity and malnutrition.

The report also identifies how conflict itself encumbers SDG monitoring with UN agencies gathering and assessing information on food security and nutrition status during conflict, but the data are not always complete and can be difficult to compare with peacetime data.

Other than statistics, the report focuses on the fundamental factors that improves food security and malnutrition: poverty reduction, economic growth, improvements in maternal and childhood nutrition and public health, increases in the quantity and quality of food and the cessation of violence.



Greece Headed for ‘Record Year’ for Tourism, Says Minister

Tourists descent Propylaia, the ancient gate of the Acropolis archaeological site in Athens on June 21, 2023. (AFP)
Tourists descent Propylaia, the ancient gate of the Acropolis archaeological site in Athens on June 21, 2023. (AFP)
TT

Greece Headed for ‘Record Year’ for Tourism, Says Minister

Tourists descent Propylaia, the ancient gate of the Acropolis archaeological site in Athens on June 21, 2023. (AFP)
Tourists descent Propylaia, the ancient gate of the Acropolis archaeological site in Athens on June 21, 2023. (AFP)

Greece is on track for "another record year" for tourism in 2025, despite ongoing labor shortages in a key sector of its economy, Tourism Minister Olga Kefalogianni said on Sunday.

Between January and the end of September, the Mediterranean nation -- long beloved by tourists for its sunny islands and rich archaeological sites -- welcomed 31.6 million visitors, a four-percent increase compared with the same period in 2024, according to Bank of Greece data published in late November.

"Overall, we expect 2025 to be another record year for tourism in our country," Kefalogianni said in an interview with the Greek news agency ANA.

The conservative minister also expressed hope for another bumper year in 2026.

"The indicators for 2026 are already particularly encouraging and allow us to be optimistic," she said.

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, Greece has been breaking annual records in tourism revenues and the number of foreign visitors.

Across 2024, 40.7 million people visited Greece, up 12.8 percent from 2023.

But the uptick has sparked concern over the unchecked construction in several hotspots, while Athens locals have complained that the proliferation of short-term holiday lets has caused rents to skyrocket.

Climate change-fueled heatwaves and increasingly devastating wildfires also pose a threat to the sector, which Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis has trumpeted since taking office in 2019 in a bid to revive the economy after the financial crisis.

According to the Institute of the Greek Tourism Confederation (INSETE), tourism directly contributed around 13 percent of GDP in 2024 and indirectly to more than 30 percent of GDP.


Iraq Says International Firms in Kurdistan Obliged to Transfer Crude Under Deal

A handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on January 2, 2025, shows a partial view of the oil refinery of Baiji north of Baghdad, during the inauguration ceremony of the fourth and fifth units. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Media Office / AFP)
A handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on January 2, 2025, shows a partial view of the oil refinery of Baiji north of Baghdad, during the inauguration ceremony of the fourth and fifth units. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Media Office / AFP)
TT

Iraq Says International Firms in Kurdistan Obliged to Transfer Crude Under Deal

A handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on January 2, 2025, shows a partial view of the oil refinery of Baiji north of Baghdad, during the inauguration ceremony of the fourth and fifth units. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Media Office / AFP)
A handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on January 2, 2025, shows a partial view of the oil refinery of Baiji north of Baghdad, during the inauguration ceremony of the fourth and fifth units. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Media Office / AFP)

Iraq’s state oil marketer SOMO said on Sunday international producers in Kurdistan were still obliged to send it their crude under a September export agreement, after Norway's DNO said it would not take part in the agreement. 

SOMO said its statement was in response to a Reuters report in ‌September which ‌quoted DNO as ‌saying ⁠it would ‌sell directly to the Kurdish region and had no immediate plans to ship through the Iraq-Türkiye pipeline. 

The September deal between Iraq's oil ministry, Kurdistan's ministry of natural resources and producing companies stipulated that SOMO ⁠will export crude from Kurdish oil fields through ‌the Türkiye pipeline. 

At the ‍time, DNO - the ‍largest international oil producer active in ‍Kurdistan - welcomed the deal but did not sign it, saying it wanted more clarity on how outstanding debts would be paid. 

It said it would continue to sell directly to the semi-autonomous region of ⁠Kurdistan. 

SOMO said on Sunday the Kurdistan ministry of natural resources had reaffirmed its commitment to the deal "under which all international companies engaged in extraction and production in the region's fields are required to deliver the quantities of crude oil they produce in the region to SOMO, except for the quantities allocated ‌for local consumption in the region." 


How 2025 Decisions Redrew the Future of Riyadh’s Real Estate Market

Construction is seen at a real estate project in Riyadh. (SPA)
Construction is seen at a real estate project in Riyadh. (SPA)
TT

How 2025 Decisions Redrew the Future of Riyadh’s Real Estate Market

Construction is seen at a real estate project in Riyadh. (SPA)
Construction is seen at a real estate project in Riyadh. (SPA)

The Saudi capital underwent an unprecedented structural shift in its real estate market in 2025, driven by a forward-looking agenda led by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister. Far from incremental regulation, the year’s measures amounted to a deep corrective overhaul aimed at dismantling long-standing distortions, breaking land hoarding, expanding affordable housing supply, and firmly rebalancing landlord-tenant relations.

Together, the decisions ended years of speculation fueled by artificial scarcity and pushed the market toward maturity, one grounded in real demand, fair pricing, and transparency.

Observers dubbed 2025 a “white revolution” for Saudi real estate. The reforms severed the link between property and short-term speculation, restoring housing as a sustainable residential and investment product. Below is a detailed outline of the most significant of these historic decisions:

1- Unlocking land, boosting supply

In March, authorities lifted restrictions on sale, subdivision, development permits, and planning approvals for 81 million square meters north of Riyadh. A similar decision in October freed another 33.24 million square meters to the west.

The Royal Commission for Riyadh City was also mandated to deliver 10,000 - 40,000 fully serviced plots annually at subsidized prices capped at SAR 1,500 per square meter, curbing price manipulation and offering real alternatives for citizens.

2- Rent controls and contractual fairness

To stabilize households and businesses, the government froze annual rent increases for residential and commercial leases in Riyadh for five years starting in September. Enforced through the upgraded “Ejar” platform, the move halted arbitrary hikes while aligning growth with residents’ quality of life.

3- Tougher fees

An improved White Land Tax took effect in August, extending beyond vacant plots to include unoccupied built properties. Annual fees rose to as much as 10% of land value for parcels of 5,000 square meters or more within urban limits, raising the cost of land hoarding and incentivizing prompt development.

4- Investment openness and digital governance

A revised foreign ownership regime allowed non-Saudis - individuals and companies - to own property in designated zones under strict criteria, injecting international liquidity. Transparency was reinforced by the launch of the “Real Estate Balance” platform, providing real-time price indicators based on actual transactions and curbing phantom pricing.

5- Quality and urban standards

Policy shifted from quantity to quality with mandatory application of the Saudi Building Code and sustainability standards for all new developments, ensuring long-term operational value and preventing low-quality sprawl.

Structural shift

Sector specialists told Asharq Al-Awsat the measures represent a qualitative leap in market management, moving Riyadh from a scarcity and speculation-led cycle to a balanced market governed by genuine demand, efficient land use, disciplined contracts, and transparent indicators.

Khaled Al-Mobid, CEO of Menassat Realty Co., said the reforms were timely and corrective after years of rapid price escalation. He noted early positives: slowing price growth, a return to realistic negotiations, increased supply in some districts, and better-quality offerings focused on intrinsic value rather than quick appreciation.

Abdullah Al-Moussa, a real estate expert and broker, described the steps as addressing root causes, not symptoms.

He observed a behavioral shift, especially in northern Riyadh, from “hold and wait” to reassessment, alongside calmer price momentum, renewed interest in actual development, and clearer rental dynamics.

Saqr Al-Zahrani, another market expert, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the reforms tackled structural imbalances by breaking artificial scarcity created by undeveloped land banks.

Opening vast tracts north and west and introducing market-wide indicators restored “organized abundance,” aligning prices with real demand and purchasing power without heavy-handed intervention, he remarked.

He added that recent months have seen weaker demand for raw land and stalled auctions, contrasted with rising interest in off-plan sales and partnerships with developers.

Banks, too, have reprioritized toward projects with operational viability, lifting overall supply quality despite a temporary slowdown in some transactions.

Consumers, meanwhile, are showing greater patience and interest in self-build options, signaling a maturing market awareness.

Outlook

Experts expect the effects to continue through 2027, delivering broad price stability with limited corrections in overheated locations rather than sharp declines.

Homeownership, especially among young buyers, is projected to rise as capital shifts from land speculation to long-term development.

The 2025 decisions were not short-term fixes but the launch of a new social and economic trajectory for Riyadh’s property market, redefining real estate as a housing service and value-adding investment, not a speculative vessel.

As Riyadh advances toward becoming one of the world’s ten largest city economies, its real estate reset offers a model for aligning regulation with quality of life, transparency, and sustainable growth.