Exclusive - From Riyadh to Davos: A Message of Confidence and Reform

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)
Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)
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Exclusive - From Riyadh to Davos: A Message of Confidence and Reform

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)
Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan. (Reuters)

At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Saudi Arabia underlined its commitment to its reform program, in the different social, economic and financial fields.

Saudi Minister of Finance Mohammed Al-Jadaan told Asharq Al-Awsat that over the past two years, the Kingdom has presented in Davos a reform program and pledges that were translated into clear achievements and concrete projects through large private sector investments.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 extends over 15 years, and consists of three stages, Al-Jadaan said. “We have come a long way in planning, and we have begun to implement the projects by focusing too much on private sector development, creating more jobs and restructuring the systems.”

He noted that 18 systems were restructured in 2018 - a major endeavor that used to take many years to accomplish in the past.

On the financial side, Al-Jadaan pointed to “great achievements, mainly curbing the deficit significantly from 12 percent in 2016 to 9 percent in 2017, and to 4.6 percent in 2018.” He added that he hoped the deficit would not exceed 5 percent in the current year.

The minister said that the coming week would witness the announcement of very large initiatives for the private sector within the framework of the National Industries and Logistics Program.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Saudi Ministry of Economy and Planning Mohammed Al-Tuwaijiri said that the reforms led by Saudi Arabia were as big as the country’s ambitions.

“The year 2018 has witnessed great momentum, which will continue to grow in 2019 and 2020,” he revealed.

Regarding the confidence of local and foreign investors, Al-Tuwaijiri emphasized the significance of promoting institutional work and sustainability.

“The most important thing we have heard in Davos this year and in recent years is the importance of institutional work,” he stated.

In this regard, the minister stressed that investors became “aware that work in Saudi Arabia is sustainable, institutional, and built on clear foundations that enable rapid implementation and continuous communication with the private sector.”

He added that one of the objectives of Vision 2030 was to transform the Kingdom into a logistics hub connecting continents, through advanced infrastructure, digitization and multi-polar services and cooperation.

Al-Jadaan, for his part, highlighted the strong communication between the government and local investors.

“Our first concern is the local investor. There is continuous communication between the government and the Saudi investors,” he affirmed. “We hear their views to determine the list of obstacles they face, and we work with the private sector to solve them.”

As for the confidence of foreign investors, Al-Jadaan noted that Saudi issuances two weeks ago have demonstrated “a very big trust of foreign investors” in the Kingdom’s financial system.

“Two weeks ago, we issued bonds worth $7 billion, and a range of projects have been launched over the past four months; most of them by foreign investors… in the sectors of health, electricity, water and sanitation,” he said, adding that other projects would be announced later this year.

Saudi Arabia participated in this year’s meetings of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, with a high-level delegation headed by Foreign Minister Ibrahim al-Assaf.

A panel session on “Next Steps for Saudi Arabia” was held on Thursday, with the participation of French Total’s chief executive Patrick Pouyanne and Morgan Stanley’s CEO James Gorman, along with the Saudi ministers of Economy and Finance and Sarah Al-Suhaimi, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tadawul.

Speaking during the session, Al-Jadaan said the Kingdom managed to turn the shrinking economy of about 0.7 percent in 2017 to a growth rate of 2.3 percent by the end of 2018.

He added that the country announced the largest budget in its history to develop the local economy and was working on many infrastructure projects, stressing that the field of investment was currently witnessing positive results.

The minister underscored the regional role assumed by Saudi Arabia, by contributing to stability and giving hope to the youth.

Pouyanne said Total was engaging in a US5 billion refining and petrochemical investment in Saudi Arabia and would also soon announce a new venture for petrol stations. He stressed that the reform program reinforced his confidence in the need to invest in the Kingdom.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.