South Sudan Signs 6-Year Agreement for Oil Exploration with South Africahttps://english.aawsat.com/home/article/1711646/south-sudan-signs-6-year-agreement-oil-exploration-south-africa
South Sudan Signs 6-Year Agreement for Oil Exploration with South Africa
A worker walks by an oil well at the Toma South oil field to Heglig, in Ruweng State, South Sudan August 25, 2018. (Reuters)
South Sudan and South Africa on Monday signed a six-year production-sharing agreement for an untapped exploration block in the East African country, where production has been hit by civil war.
The ceremony was attended by South Sudan’s Minister of Petroleum Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth and South Africa’s Minister of Energy Jeff Radebe, where they singed an exploration production agreement for Block B2 in greater Jonglei State, according to Reuters.
Radebe described the agreement as "a great deal" for both countries and committed to pay $50 million for exploration, adding that South Africa was also interested in building a pipeline and refinery bringing their total projected investment to $1 billion, according to a memorandum of understanding signed in November.
The exploration will begin immediately and is expected to continue for six years.
Block B2 was once part of a 120,000 square km area known as Block B, which was divided into three licenses in 2012 and is thought to be rich in hydrocarbons although very little drilling has been done there.
The world’s youngest country, after the split from Sudan in 2011, South Sudan has one of the largest reserves of crude in sub-Saharan Africa, only a third of which have been explored. But production dropped when civil war broke out two years after independence. A September peace deal is largely holding but a plan to form a unity government by May 12 has been delayed.
In April, director general for petroleum at the ministry of petroleum Awow Daniel Chuang announced that production was expected to reach around 195,000 barrels per day (bpd) by the end of the year, from 175,000 at present, with the government aiming to reach 200,000 bpd by the end of 2019.
The government said production would reach pre-war levels of 350,000 to 400,000 bpd by mid-2020.
During South Sudan’s civil war, more than 400,000 people died and a third of the country’s population was displaced.
In related news, WoodMac consultancy group expects South Sudan production to increase to more than 170,000 bpd by 2020. Production could reach 230,000 bpd in the same period if a lasting peace is sustained, generating more than $3 billion of revenue for the government, it said.
The group issued a strategy paper in 2018 assuming the increase in production will be done by re-opening shut-in wells, work-overs and repairs.
“To increase production beyond this would need significant capital expenditure, which the operators will be wary of until political stability is properly established.”
Tesla to Refund Many Cybertruck Deposits as Demand Exceeds Production, Musk Sayshttps://english.aawsat.com/business/5339211-tesla-refund-many-cybertruck-deposits-demand-exceeds-production-musk-says
Tesla Cybertruck electric vehicles sit parked in a storage lot in San Diego, California on April 11, 2025. (AFP)
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Tesla to Refund Many Cybertruck Deposits as Demand Exceeds Production, Musk Says
Tesla Cybertruck electric vehicles sit parked in a storage lot in San Diego, California on April 11, 2025. (AFP)
Tesla will have to refund Cybertruck deposits for many customers as orders far exceed production capacity, CEO Elon Musk said, following last week's announcement that the electric vehicle maker is winding down the pickup truck's production at its Texas factory.
"We will try to make as many as possible before shutting down the line in about 8 months, but will have to return deposits for a lot of people," the billionaire said in a post on X on Monday.
The comments come after Musk said Tesla would add an extra production shift to fulfill outstanding Cybertruck orders before dismantling the production line next year to expand output of its Cybercab robotaxi.
The production winddown is slated for mid-2027, Musk announced on Friday, with the resources being redirected to the Cybercab, a vehicle central to the automaker's autonomous-driving ambitions.
Tesla began delivering the Cybertruck in late 2023, but demand has fallen far short of Musk's expectations. US sales fell 48% to 20,237 units last year, according to Kelley Blue Book, well below Musk's earlier projection that annual Cybertruck sales could reach 250,000 vehicles.
China Extends Suspension of New Rare Earth Controls Until Januaryhttps://english.aawsat.com/business/5339200-china-extends-suspension-new-rare-earth-controls-until-january
A mining machine is seen at the Bayan Obo mine containing rare earth minerals, in Inner Mongolia, China July 16, 2011. (Reuters)
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China Extends Suspension of New Rare Earth Controls Until January
A mining machine is seen at the Bayan Obo mine containing rare earth minerals, in Inner Mongolia, China July 16, 2011. (Reuters)
China on Monday announced a two-month extension of export-control waivers due to expire this month, preserving part of a wide-ranging deal struck after a summit between Presidents Xi Jinping and Donald Trump.
China introduced export controls on certain rare earths in April 2025, only to expand them further in October of that year, dramatically widening their scope and also adding new controls on certain diamonds with industrial applications and lithium battery technology.
The measures were then paused for one year last November after a summit in South Korea between Xi and Trump.
The Ministry of Commerce said in a short statement on Monday that the pause would be extended for two months until January 10. It gave no other details.
The extension is part of a broader suspension of trade countermeasures and tariffs announced by China on Monday as it negotiates with Washington over an enduring trade deal.
Trump is set to travel to Shenzhen in southern China later this month for an APEC leaders summit, where he is expected to meet with Xi.
UN to Asharq Al-Awsat ahead of COP31: Climate Change and Energy Security Are Two Integrated Pathshttps://english.aawsat.com/business/5339197-un-asharq-al-awsat-ahead-cop31-climate-change-and-energy-security-are-two
UN to Asharq Al-Awsat ahead of COP31: Climate Change and Energy Security Are Two Integrated Paths
United Nations Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell. (UN)
On the eve of the opening of the 31st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) on Monday in the Turkish city of Antalya, attention is focused on the ability of governments to bridge the pledge gap and transition toward executing concrete steps to confront climate change. This comes at a time when the challenges of reducing emissions intersect with energy market disruptions, rising electricity demand, and the accelerating expansion of artificial intelligence and data centers.
In an exclusive interview with Asharq Al-Awsat, UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell urged the swift fulfillment of international climate pledges, particularly financing for developing countries and the realization of the $1.3 trillion annual Baku-to-Belem roadmap.
Stiell noted that energy security and climate action are complementary rather than conflicting, while commending the Saudi Green and Middle East Green initiatives for advancing regional cooperation.
The COP31 conference is being held over a period of more than two weeks in Antalya, amid record-breaking temperatures, worsening climate change impacts, and rising energy insecurity, according to the United Nations website. The UN stated that the summit presents a critical opportunity for countries to accelerate the pace of climate action and strengthen cooperation. The host country places electricity at the forefront of its priorities, promoting its own boom in the renewable energy sector alongside its "Zero Waste" program as a means to curb methane emissions.
Stiell addressed the relationship between energy security and climate action amid ongoing disruptions in energy markets, the implications of expanding artificial intelligence and data centers on electricity and water consumption, and the opportunities to utilize these technologies to improve the efficiency of energy systems. He also reviewed the gap between climate pledges and actual implementation, alongside the priorities for the 31st session of the Conference of the Parties in Türkiye.
Officials at COP30 in Brazil. (UN)
High capital costs impede climate financing for developing nations
Stiell described climate finance as a fundamental element to expand the scope and accelerate the pace of climate action, both by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening the resilience of countries and communities to the worsening impacts of climate change.
Fulfilling all climate finance pledges is "absolutely crucial," particularly to support developing countries that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, despite having contributed the least to causing the crisis, he told Asharq Al-Awsat.
He explained that the challenges facing these countries pertain to the accessibility, nature, and quality of financing, noting that the high cost of capital stands at the forefront of these hurdles, particularly for low-income and highly indebted countries already grappling with compounding debt crises.
While a shortage of projects is not the primary obstacle for some developing countries, others face a challenge rooted in their limited capacity to prepare and develop initiatives, resulting in a scarcity of bankable projects capable of attracting funding and investment, Stiell explained.
Stiell stressed that climate finance is not an act of charity or mere aid, but rather a necessity for achieving climate justice, and at the same time a strategic investment to ensure the resilience of global economies and societies, thereby supporting economic stability and growth with low inflation rates.
He called for strengthening joint action and cooperation among all climate-finance stakeholders and policymakers, including governments holding shares in multilateral development banks, which can leverage their influence to ensure more concessional financing reaches countries most vulnerable to climate risks.
International cooperation can play a pivotal role in deploying public finance to mitigate risks, support project development, and catalyze larger flows of private capital, he stressed.
In this context, he stated that it is essential for the Baku-to-Belem roadmap, which aims to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually in climate finance, to become a tangible reality, building on the agreement reached during COP29 in Azerbaijan regarding the New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance, and in coordination with the COP30 presidency in Brazil.
The roadmap charts a path to scale up climate finance to $1.3 trillion per year for developing nations, while ensuring it is directed toward the countries and communities that need it most, Stiell said.
The priority today is to transition from the stage of pledges to providing actual and accessible financing, and to translate it into practical investments and projects that support the implementation of climate commitments in developing countries, he stated.
UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell. (UN)
Energy security and climate action: Two complementary paths
Amid geopolitical tensions and recurring disruptions in energy markets, Stiell said that energy security and climate action should be treated as complementary paths that must be addressed together.
He explained that governments must ensure reliable and affordable energy supplies, while reducing emissions and preparing for long-term shifts in energy demand patterns.
Recent disruptions in energy markets underscore the critical need to build resilient infrastructure, diversify energy sources and supply routes, and strengthen international cooperation, continued Stiell.
He added that expanding investments in renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and developing electricity grids and energy storage systems can contribute to strengthening energy systems that are reliable and capable of meeting demand.
He said that the solution lies in integrating the immediate needs of energy security with long-term strategic planning, explaining that reliable clean energy supplies, emissions reductions, economic development, and international cooperation should reinforce one another rather than be viewed as competing objectives.
Stiell noted that investment in green energy is experiencing an accelerating global boom, with its value surpassing two trillion US dollars over the past year and continuing to rise. Green energy has become a primary driver of economic growth, enhanced competitiveness, job creation, improved living standards, and the achievement of stability.
This is one of the primary reasons driving nearly all G20 economies, including Saudi Arabia, to expand their investments in renewable energy to capitalize on these significant economic and social gains, he said.
Artificial intelligence: A double-edged sword
Regarding the rapid surge in electricity demand resulting from the expanding use of artificial intelligence and data centers, Stiell described AI as a "double-edged sword." He explained that data centers consume massive amounts of electricity and water, making it essential to ensure they rely on clean energy sources and are managed according to sustainability standards.
At the same time, AI possesses enormous potential that can be deployed positively to accelerate the pace of transition, contributing to making energy systems more efficient, flexible, and reliable, while also reducing their costs, he remarked.
He added that the challenge lies in mitigating the negative impacts and risks associated with artificial intelligence, enhancing its positive potential, and ensuring its responsible deployment.
He underlined the importance of ensuring all countries benefit from this potential through capacity building, particularly in the most vulnerable developing nations, and fostering the exchange of knowledge and expertise to help accelerate the implementation of these technologies.
Stiell noted that governments and industrial sectors could achieve substantial gains through joint action, with governments establishing clear policies, regulatory frameworks, appropriate safeguards, and long-term investment plans, while technology companies work to improve the efficiency of data centers and increase their reliance on clean energy sources.
Planning and investment strategies must account for uncertainty, given the varying estimates regarding the scale of future electricity demand driven by the expanding use of artificial intelligence, he went on to say.
Investing in electricity grids, energy storage systems, and the development of more efficient electrical architectures will yield sustainable, long-term benefits, regardless of future demand levels, he added.
A "#COP31" sign is displayed by a road near the entrance of the Antalya Expo Center, venue of the 2026 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31), in Antalya on November 7, 2026. (AFP)
Global climate progress remains below required level
In his assessment of global progress toward the Paris Agreement, Stiell stated that humanity has made significant strides against climate change, though current efforts remain insufficient. He noted that without structured United Nations climate cooperation and national initiatives, global temperatures would be on track to rise by more than 4 degrees Celsius, or potentially higher under worst-case scenarios.
He added that current projections indicate global warming could reach around 2.6 degrees Celsius. While this level remains catastrophically high and threatens devastating consequences for economies and populations worldwide, it also reflects the scale of progress humanity has managed to achieve.
The goals of the Paris Agreement remain a fundamental necessity, but achieving them requires accelerating and expanding the scope of climate action through a just global transition that ensures no country or community is left behind, stressed Stiell.
He noted that the world has witnessed progress in technological development, increased investment in clean energy, and the strengthening of national climate plans, but the real challenge lies in accelerating the pace of implementation and turning goals and pledges into tangible results on the ground.
No single session of the UN Climate Change Conference can resolve the global climate crisis on its own, yet recent COP sessions have taken significant steps forward, and the 31st session in Türkiye must continue this path and build upon what has been achieved, he urged.
COP31 focuses on implementation and accelerating electrification
Regarding the priorities of the 31st session of the Conference of the Parties in Türkiye, Stiell explained that the focus will center heavily on boosting and accelerating implementation, both within the framework of formal negotiations and through the action agenda, noting that numerous vital issues require agreements.
He said that climate action must deliver practical benefits to a larger number of people, economies, and ecosystems.
He explained that the formal negotiations within the framework of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement provide a platform for all countries to present solutions and advance several key files, including a just transition, climate finance, adaptation, mitigation, and climate change response measures.
As for the work agenda, which enables countries to cooperate with businesses, cities, regions, and stakeholders across various sectors, the COP31 presidency has announced its priorities to drive progress in specific, practical areas, such as accelerating the transition to electricity use and modernizing power grids.
Stiell noted that climate change adaptation and building resilience must receive greater attention, explaining that communities need better protection against extreme heatwaves, floods, droughts, and other climate impacts.
Climate action must translate into practical, tangible benefits that reach a larger number of people, economies, and ecosystems around the world, he urged.
Afforestation efforts in the Saudi Arabia. (Saudi Green Initiative)
Clean energy revolution opens opportunities to build stronger economies
In his message prior to the meeting in Turkey, Stiell said the clean energy revolution offers extraordinary opportunities to build stronger economies, enhance energy security, and improve living standards. The conference provides a vital chance to forge new partnerships, reinforce shared priorities, and advance the Sustainable Development Goals.
He called on nations, business leaders, and investors to arrive in Türkiye with a solution-oriented vision, a genuine readiness to work together, and a commitment to reaching the necessary negotiating compromises to secure agreements and drive progress on practical issues, such as the transition to electrification.
These steps are capable of making a real difference and achieving tangible benefits for more people across the world, he stressed.
Climate action: A pillar of Saudi economic transformation
Regarding Saudi Arabia, Stiell praised the steps taken by the Kingdom to integrate climate action into its economic transformation path under Vision 2030.
He pointed to the progress it is making in reducing methane emissions resulting from oil and gas production operations, explaining that this field represents an important opportunity for the Kingdom to strengthen its leadership role at the international level and inspire other countries to take similar steps.
He underlined the importance of continuously integrating renewable energy projects into electricity grids and upgrading the infrastructure of the power sector.
He said that accelerating the pace of climate action in the Kingdom, in these areas and others, would deliver greater benefits to the Saudi economy and its population, as well as to the entire region.
Regarding the upcoming phase, Stiell noted that the priority in the next stage lies in translating national projects and goals into actual, measurable results, by integrating more renewable energy projects into electricity grids, upgrading the infrastructure of the power sector, improving energy efficiency, and continuing to reduce methane emissions.
Achieving this progress remains conditional on the level of commitment to implementation, enhancing transparency in reporting results, and ensuring the sustainability of investments, he added.
Saudi initiatives to boost regional action
Highlighting the Saudi Green and Middle East Green initiatives, Stiell said they are a significant step toward strengthening climate action by combining efforts to reduce emissions, restore land, and protect the environment.
Regional cooperation offers countries the opportunity to exchange expertise and knowledge, build technical capacities, and coordinate investments, he remarked, noting that forging effective regional partnerships can contribute to achieving broader climate and environmental goals while considering the specific ecological characteristics and conditions of the Middle East.
However, he pointed out that the true value of these initiatives depends on the continuity of their implementation and the tangible, long-term results they achieve.
In this context, he stressed that evaluating the success of afforestation projects should not be limited to the number of trees planted, but must also encompass their survival and growth rates, the total area of land successfully restored and rehabilitated, the extent of biodiversity protection, and the efficiency and sustainability of water resource management.
Afforestation efforts in the Saudi Arabia. (Saudi Green Initiative)
Coordination between climate, land, and biodiversity is a necessity
On the importance of coordinating climate, land, and biodiversity agendas and the role the Kingdom can play in this domain, Stiell said Saudi Arabia could play a significant role by leveraging its expertise in combating desertification and land restoration to support regional cooperation.
He explained that the Saudi Green and Middle East Green initiatives provide two important platforms for exchanging knowledge and expertise, strengthening cooperation, and executing environmental projects with a tangible impact.
The primary objective is to transition from treating environmental initiatives as separate tracks to adopting an integrated approach for joint action, achieving tangible results in terms of protecting climate, land, and biodiversity, as well as improving the lives of communities, he said.
Coordinating efforts to confront climate change, restore land, and protect biodiversity is a fundamental necessity, given the close interconnectedness between these issues and challenges, he said.
Climate change exacerbates pressure on ecosystems, while land degradation diminishes the capacity of these systems to store carbon and sustain the livelihoods of communities, he warned.
Message to Saudi Arabia
In a message to Saudi Arabia, Stiell expressed his appreciation for the Kingdom's continuous efforts to confront climate change at a time when climate impacts are intensifying and affecting all countries worldwide, as well as for the significant progress it is making in advancing the energy sector's transition in a just and orderly manner.
He welcomed the Kingdom's continued partnership and active engagement in international climate action efforts, looking forward to further cooperation with it to translate climate commitments into tangible and measurable results that will help in building a more resilient, prosperous, and just world, and a safer and more sustainable future.
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