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Changes to Istanbul's Hagia Sophia Could Trigger Heritage Review, Says UNESCO

Hagia Sophia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was converted into a museum in 1934. (Reuters)
Hagia Sophia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was converted into a museum in 1934. (Reuters)
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Changes to Istanbul's Hagia Sophia Could Trigger Heritage Review, Says UNESCO

Hagia Sophia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was converted into a museum in 1934. (Reuters)
Hagia Sophia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was converted into a museum in 1934. (Reuters)

UNESCO must be notified of any change in the status of Istanbul’s sixth-century Hagia Sophia museum and the changes may have to be reviewed by its World Heritage committee, the United Nation’s cultural body said on Thursday.

Turkey’s top administrative court is likely to announce on Friday that the 1934 conversion of the Hagia Sophia to a museum was unlawful, two Turkish officials said, paving the way for its restoration as a mosque.

UNESCO told Reuters that the Hagia Sophia was on its list of World Heritage Sites as a museum, and as such had certain commitments and legal obligations.

“Thus, a state must make sure that no modification undermines the outstanding universal value of a site listed on its territory,” UNESCO said.

“Any modification must be notified beforehand by the state to UNESCO and be reviewed if need be by the World Heritage Committee,” it added.

UNESCO said it had expressed its concerns to Turkish authorities in several letters and conveyed the message to Turkey’s ambassador to the institution on Thursday.

“We urge Turkish authorities to start a dialog before any decision is taken that could undermine the universal value of the site,” UNESCO said.

The World Heritage site was at the center of both the Christian Byzantine and Muslim Ottoman empires and is today one of Turkey’s most visited monuments.

The prospect of a change in the museum’s status back to a mosque has raised alarm among US, French, Russian and Greek officials, as well as Christian church leaders.

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World

China Sanctions US Defense Firms, Individuals Over Arms Sales to Taiwan

The Taipei 101 building is seen among residential and commercial buildings in Taipei on December 18, 2025. (AFP)
The Taipei 101 building is seen among residential and commercial buildings in Taipei on December 18, 2025. (AFP)
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China Sanctions US Defense Firms, Individuals Over Arms Sales to Taiwan

The Taipei 101 building is seen among residential and commercial buildings in Taipei on December 18, 2025. (AFP)
The Taipei 101 building is seen among residential and commercial buildings in Taipei on December 18, 2025. (AFP)

China's foreign ministry announced sanctions on Friday targeting 10 individuals and ​20 US defense firms, including Boeing's St. Louis branch, over arms sales to Taiwan.

The measures freeze any assets the companies and individuals hold in China and bar domestic organizations and individuals from doing business with them, the ministry said.

Individuals on ‌the list, ‌including the founder ‌of ⁠defense firm ​Anduril Industries ‌and nine senior executives from the sanctioned firms, are also banned from entering China, it added.

Other companies targeted include Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation and L3Harris Maritime Services.

The move follows Washington's announcement last week of $11.1 ⁠billion in arms sales to Taiwan, the largest ‌ever US weapons package for ‍the island, drawing ‍Beijing's ire.

"The Taiwan issue is the ‍core of China's core interests and the first red line that cannot be crossed in China-US relations," a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson said ​in a statement on Friday.

"Any provocative actions that cross the line on the Taiwan ⁠issue will be met with a strong response from China," the statement said, urging the US to cease "dangerous" efforts to arm the island.

China views democratically-governed Taiwan as part of its own territory, a claim Taipei rejects.

The US is bound by law to provide Taiwan with the means to defend itself, though such arms sales ‌are a persistent source of friction with China.

World

Iran Says Foreign Tanker Carrying Smuggled Fuel Seized in Gulf

St Nikolas ship X1 oil tanker involved in US-Iran dispute in the Gulf of Oman which state media says was seized is seen in the Tokyo bay, Japan, October 4, 2020, in this handout picture. Daisuke Nimura/Handout via REUTERS
St Nikolas ship X1 oil tanker involved in US-Iran dispute in the Gulf of Oman which state media says was seized is seen in the Tokyo bay, Japan, October 4, 2020, in this handout picture. Daisuke Nimura/Handout via REUTERS
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Iran Says Foreign Tanker Carrying Smuggled Fuel Seized in Gulf

St Nikolas ship X1 oil tanker involved in US-Iran dispute in the Gulf of Oman which state media says was seized is seen in the Tokyo bay, Japan, October 4, 2020, in this handout picture. Daisuke Nimura/Handout via REUTERS
St Nikolas ship X1 oil tanker involved in US-Iran dispute in the Gulf of Oman which state media says was seized is seen in the Tokyo bay, Japan, October 4, 2020, in this handout picture. Daisuke Nimura/Handout via REUTERS

Iran has seized a foreign oil tanker near the Iranian island of Qeshm in the Gulf, saying it was carrying 4 million liters of smuggled fuel, state media reported on ‌Friday.

Authorities did not ‌name the ‌vessel ⁠or disclose ‌its nationality. They said 16 foreign crew members had been detained on criminal charges. State TV said the tanker was seized on Wednesday.

Iranian news websites ⁠published video footage and photographs of ‌what they said was ‍the seized ‍tanker.

Iran said last week ‍it had seized another foreign tanker carrying 6 million liters of what it described as smuggled diesel in the Gulf of Oman without identifying the ⁠vessel or its nationality.

World

Cambodia Says Thailand Escalated Strikes During Border Talks

Members of a Thai Explosive Ordnance Disposal team inspect the site of a rocket attack during clashes between Thai and Cambodian soldiers in Kantharalak district of Sisaket province, Thailand, Monday, Dec. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
Members of a Thai Explosive Ordnance Disposal team inspect the site of a rocket attack during clashes between Thai and Cambodian soldiers in Kantharalak district of Sisaket province, Thailand, Monday, Dec. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
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Cambodia Says Thailand Escalated Strikes During Border Talks

Members of a Thai Explosive Ordnance Disposal team inspect the site of a rocket attack during clashes between Thai and Cambodian soldiers in Kantharalak district of Sisaket province, Thailand, Monday, Dec. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
Members of a Thai Explosive Ordnance Disposal team inspect the site of a rocket attack during clashes between Thai and Cambodian soldiers in Kantharalak district of Sisaket province, Thailand, Monday, Dec. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

Cambodia accused Thailand on Friday of intensifying its bombardment of disputed border areas, even as officials from the two countries attend a multi-day meeting aimed at negotiating an end to deadly clashes.

The neighbors' long-standing border conflict reignited this month, shattering an earlier truce and killing more than 40 people, according to official counts. Around a million people have also been displaced.

Cambodian and Thai officials were in their third day of talks at a border checkpoint on Friday, with defense ministers from both countries scheduled to meet on Saturday.

However, Cambodia's defense ministry said Thailand's military carried out a heavy bombardment of disputed border areas in Banteay Meanchey province Friday morning.

"From 6:08 am to 7:15 am, the Thai military deployed F-16 fighter jets to drop as many as 40 bombs, to intensify its bombardment in the area of Chok Chey village," it said in a statement.

Thai media said Friday that Cambodian forces had launched heavy attacks overnight along the border in Sa Kaeo province, where several homes were damaged by shelling.

The two countries blame each other for instigating the fresh fighting, which has spread to nearly every province along their border.

Both countries also claim to have acted in self-defense and accuse the other of attacking civilians.

The United States, China and Malaysia brokered a truce to end five days of deadly clashes in July, but the ceasefire was short-lived.

Earlier Friday, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet said on Facebook that he had spoken by phone with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and the two discussed "ways to secure a ceasefire along the Cambodia–Thailand border".

The conflict stems from a territorial dispute over the colonial-era demarcation of their 800-kilometer (500-mile) frontier and a collection of temple ruins situated there.