Baghdad, Damascus, Beirut: Three Capitals Sleeping in Darkness https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3073906/baghdad-damascus-beirut-three-capitals-sleeping-darkness
Baghdad, Damascus, Beirut: Three Capitals Sleeping in Darkness
In a dark classroom, young students stand around candlelight (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Even though economic and political realities are different for each of Baghdad, Beirut, and Damascus, the three capitals are experiencing joint suffering where living conditions for their citizens are ever worsening.
Power cuts and blackouts in the three major Arab cities have shifted the priorities, daily lives, and interests of millions of people living there.
Only a few days ahead of Iran-backed militants announcing an “open” war on sites they believe are held by the US military, the “ electricity battle” made its way to the top of media headlines as well as public and political discourse.
The shortage in electricity supplies has become now more pressing than ever, with summer temperatures soaring and sweltering heat taking over the three capitals.
In Iraq, several governorates saw demonstrations protesting the lack of equipment at stations, despite government spending, and the failure to resolve the electricity crisis that dates back to 2003.
Even with successive Iraqi governments spending more than $80 billion-- $36 billion of which were in investments--to fix Iraq’s electricity sector, it continues to suffer from crippling power outages.
Meanwhile, in Beirut, the city overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, its residents have been propelled into darkness, with most of them resorting to stone-age means of living.
Other than Lebanon’s official electricity crisis, debilitating power cuts in the shadow supply network, which once covered the country’s power needs over the last ten years, continue to burden thousands of homes in the capital.
The crisis is exacerbated by main generation stations’ inability to secure sufficient electricity supplies, the failure to reform transmission stations, and the absence of a political agreement to develop two much-needed power plants.
As for Damascus, the brunt of a decade of civil war, which raged on the city’s outskirts and struck the heart of the nation’s economy, took its toll on the capital’s electricity grid.
How Could Growing Egypt-Türkiye Ties Shape Regional Conflicts?https://english.aawsat.com/features/5296191-how-could-growing-egypt-t%C3%BCrkiye-ties-shape-regional-conflicts
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sign a military cooperation agreement in Cairo on Feb. 4. (Turkish Presidency)
How Could Growing Egypt-Türkiye Ties Shape Regional Conflicts?
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sign a military cooperation agreement in Cairo on Feb. 4. (Turkish Presidency)
A series of high-level meetings between Egypt and Türkiye has culminated in the first visit by an Egyptian defense minister to Ankara in 13 years, raising questions about whether the two countries’ rapidly expanding ties could help ease conflicts across the Middle East.
The visit, which began Sunday, included the signing of a letter of intent on defense cooperation.
Experts interviewed by Asharq Al-Awsat differed, however, on the extent to which the rapprochement has translated into tangible gains. While some argued it has helped reduce tensions, particularly in Libya, others said it has yet to produce meaningful progress in the region’s major crises.
Türkiye and Egypt signed the defense cooperation letter on Monday following talks in Ankara between Turkish Defense Minister Yasar Guler and his Egyptian counterpart, Ashraf Salem Zaher.
The visit followed the conclusion of the Anatolian Eagle 2026 joint air exercise, which brought together the Egyptian, Turkish and Azerbaijani air forces, with the participation of a NATO airborne early warning aircraft. It also came after the fifth meeting of the Egyptian-Turkish Joint Military Committee.
The two countries held the inaugural meeting of their High-Level Strategic Cooperation Council during Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi’s visit to Ankara in September 2024, after reviving the mechanism during Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s visit to Cairo earlier that year.
A second council meeting in Cairo last February produced a joint statement highlighting closer positions on the Palestinian issue and the crises in Syria, Lebanon, Sudan, Somalia and the Sahel, as well as counterterrorism.
Bashir Abdel Fattah, a Türkiye affairs specialist at the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, said the rapprochement had at least prevented confrontation in Libya, where Cairo and Ankara once backed rival interests.
He noted that the growing political understanding between the two countries has helped de-escalate the conflict and support efforts toward a political settlement that preserves Libya’s territorial integrity.
Türkiye analyst Mahmoud Alloush shared that assessment, describing Egyptian-Turkish coordination as a turning point in Libya and noting parallel efforts involving Saudi Arabia to advance a political solution.
Not everyone is convinced. Rokha Ahmed Hassan, a member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, said expectations that Egyptian-Turkish understandings would help resolve Libya’s crisis have yet to be realized, largely because of divisions among Libyan parties.
He argued that while bilateral coordination has strengthened political dialogue across the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, it has not yet delivered concrete results.
On July 11, Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty and Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan agreed during a phone call to continue consultations on shared security concerns and work to prevent further military escalation in the region.
On Syria, Abdel Fattah said Cairo and Ankara agree on preserving the country’s unity despite differences over Türkiye’s military presence.
He stressed that expanding political and military coordination is creating the trust needed to address contentious issues, including Israeli actions in Syria, reconstruction and burden-sharing.
Hassan, however, said the rapprochement has yet to produce a positive impact on Syria because Cairo and Ankara continue to differ over Türkiye’s approach to Islamist groups.
The two countries are more closely aligned on Somalia. Hassan emphasized that their shared support for Somalia’s territorial integrity has had positive, albeit gradual, effects, though significant security challenges remain.
Alloush described Somalia as an example of “competitive cooperation,” arguing that managed competition between Egypt and Türkiye could ultimately strengthen stability there.
Abdel Fattah, for his part, noted that the emerging partnership provides a solid strategic framework that could help cool regional conflicts. He called for broader coordination with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan to curb destabilizing external interference and establish a regional order that better serves the interests of Middle Eastern states.
On June 21, El-Sisi called for institutionalizing the consultative mechanism bringing together Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan, which was launched three weeks after the outbreak of the US-Iran war in late February.
Ticking Time Bomb? Europe’s Ageing Population Brings Challengeshttps://english.aawsat.com/features/5296011-ticking-time-bomb-europe%E2%80%99s-ageing-population-brings-challenges
A resident of a nursing home eats fruit to beat the heat in Munich, Germany, July 14, 2026. (Reuters)
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Ticking Time Bomb? Europe’s Ageing Population Brings Challenges
A resident of a nursing home eats fruit to beat the heat in Munich, Germany, July 14, 2026. (Reuters)
The population of the 27-nation European Union will peak in 2029 before falling in the coming decades, according to a report published Tuesday that spotlights the major challenges the bloc faces from an ageing population.
Today there are 450.6 million people, but researchers say this will peak at 453.3 million in 2029 before a slow long-term decline.
The population will fall to 398.8 million people by 2100, an overall drop of 11.7 percent and a level that was last experienced in the 1970s.
Europeans are living longer than ever before thanks to vastly improved healthcare, and better life and social conditions.
But an ageing population poses challenges for society and the EU economy, and while migration could help, it's not the fix Europe might hope for.
The EU executive's Joint Research Center said life expectancy at birth reached 81.5 years in 2024.
By 2050, nearly one in three EU residents will be aged 65 or older, compared to one in five today, the center said.
By 2100, life expectancy could exceed 90 years for women and 86 for men.
Such trends present "significant challenges", the EU said, including labor shortages, strained public budgets, and pressure on care and education systems.
It is, however, not all negative as the report points to the rise of the "silver economy" -- a growing market for goods and services for older citizens.
- 'Migration is a necessity' -
Migration can help offset some effects of Europe's demographic change, the researchers said, but it would have a limited impact on "fully" addressing the challenges posed by an ageing population.
But as fertility rates fall, migration counterbalances the negative effects of an ageing population and labor force contraction, the report said.
"Migration is a necessity," EU commissioner Dubravka Suica told reporters.
Fewer babies are being born to each woman in Europe, a decline that has been steady since the 1960s.
The fertility rate fell to 1.34 children per woman in 2024, well below the replacement level of 2.1 needed to keep the population stable without migration.
The median age of a European was 44.9 in 2025, and there are major disparities between EU countries. Ireland is relatively young with a median age of 39.6 years while Italy's was 49.1.
"We are living longer, healthier lives than ever before -- one of our greatest achievements. But demographic change is reshaping our societies, our economies and our labor markets," Suica said in a statement.
"We must act now to turn this transformation into an opportunity," she added.
The EU insists the bloc must boost productivity and cut unemployment to offset the effects of a shrinking workforce.
Currently around 20 percent of working-age Europeans are outside the labor force, the report said, while some eight million young people are neither in employment, education nor training.
The situation is particular to Europe as the global population is not falling.
Population growth is increasingly concentrated in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and some Middle Eastern countries, the report said.
Atef Najib in Court: Reconstructing the Story of the ‘First Spark’ in Syria’s Uprisinghttps://english.aawsat.com/features/5295730-atef-najib-court-reconstructing-story-%E2%80%98first-spark%E2%80%99-syria%E2%80%99s-uprising
Atef Najib in Court: Reconstructing the Story of the ‘First Spark’ in Syria’s Uprising
Atef Najib at the Damascus courthouse on April 26, 2026. (Reuters)
The arrest of schoolchildren in the southern Syrian city of Daraa in March 2011 is widely regarded as the spark that ignited the Syrian uprising. What began as a local incident evolved into nationwide protests and, eventually, a devastating civil war.
Fifteen years later, the case has resurfaced as Syrian authorities pursue accountability for abuses committed under Bashar al-Assad's regime, placing former Daraa Political Security Department chief Atef Najib at the center of one of the conflict’s defining episodes.
As transitional justice efforts gather pace under President Ahmed al-Sharaa’s government, the “Daraa children case” has become a key test of whether Syria’s judicial institutions can confront the legacy of arbitrary detention, systematic torture, and repression.
Asharq Al-Awsat interviewed two of the children detained at the time, now adults, whose testimonies revisit the events behind the slogan, “It’s your turn, Doctor”—a reference to Assad—that was scrawled by children on a school wall and became synonymous with the uprising’s beginning.
Fifteen years later, they said that the central question is no longer who wrote the slogan, but how it became the pretext for mass arrests and the torture of children.
Their accounts reconstruct the sequence of events while reinforcing the broader conclusion that what happened inside Syria’s security branches transformed a local incident into a turning point in the country’s history.
Naif Abazeed: Childhood in the interrogation cells
Naif Abazeed was 13 when he was arrested. His name has long been associated with writing the famous phrase, but he firmly rejects that claim.
He told Asharq Al-Awsat that the only graffiti he ever wrote was his own name and that of a friend on a wall at Daraa al-Balad Preparatory School in 2009.
He also disputed the widely circulated account placing the graffiti at Al-Arbaeen School, saying others appropriated his story while changing the location and timeline.
Abazeed said he never met Atef Najib. Instead, he identifies then-Col. Louay al-Ali as the officer who interrogated and tortured him.
While his testimony shifts attention to al-Ali’s direct role during the investigation, it does not absolve Najib. Rather, it distinguishes between the officer who conducted the interrogations and the security chief who commanded the apparatus responsible for the children’s detention.
Under international law, command responsibility extends beyond those who personally commit abuses to include superiors who knew, or should have known, about the violations and failed to prevent or punish them.
One of the children, now an adult, seen at the Al-Arbaeen School. (Getty Images)
Arrested at school
Abazeed recalled security officers arriving at his school after police had searched his home earlier that morning.
Al-Ali introduced himself as an education official investigating graffiti supposedly bearing the student’s name alongside that of a girlfriend.
Instead, the interrogation centered on the phrase, “It’s your turn, Doctor,” which had already been erased.
The boy was told he would be questioned briefly. Instead, he was taken to a Political Security Branch detention facility, where he said he was confronted with instruments of torture, beaten with cables and sticks, suspended, and forced into the “tire” stress position.
“I told them I had written nothing except my name in 2009,” he said. “The officer insisted I had written something else.”
Unable to withstand the abuse, Abazeed said he eventually confessed to something he had not done. He added that he only learned after his release that another student had actually written the phrase.
He also recounted being handed paper and ordered to write down everything that had appeared on the school walls. When the phrase was missing, the interrogator allegedly dictated it word by word while continuing to beat him until he repeated it in full. Only then did he understand that “Doctor” referred to President Bashar al-Assad.
The interrogation did not end there. Abazeed revealed that he was pressured to identify accomplices and, under torture, named classmates and neighbors, drawing more children into the investigation.
Demonstrators hold posters on the day Atef Najib, a brigadier general and former head of the Political Security Department in Daraa during Syria's ousted President Bashar al-Assad's rule, who is accused of committing war crimes, attends a trial session at the Palace of Justice, in Damascus, Syria, April 26, 2026. (Reuters)
Another victim’s testimony
Samer Ali al-Sayasneh, another child detained in 2011 after being accused of burning a police kiosk near Al-Arbaeen School, has also testified against Najib in court.
He holds Najib fully responsible for the escalation in Daraa, from arbitrary arrests to orders that led to the deadly shootings at Omari Mosque and a nearby gas station.
According to al-Sayasneh, no security branch would have acted without Najib’s authorization, making any attempt to exonerate him implausible.
The legal case
Lawyer Noha al-Masri told Asharq Al-Awsat that prosecutors are relying primarily on Syrian law, including Law No. 16 of 2022, provisions of the Syrian Penal Code, and Legislative Decree No. 20 of 2013.
She said the abuses committed in Daraa in March 2011 could also meet the international definition of crimes against humanity because they formed part of a widespread and systematic attack against civilians.
Al-Masri stressed that criminal responsibility extends beyond direct perpetrators to those who planned, ordered, supervised, or knowingly allowed the abuses to occur, reflecting the established principle of command responsibility under international humanitarian law.
She added that victims’ testimony, videos, medical reports, and official documents together could provide the foundation for one of the most significant trials in modern Syrian history - one likely to shape future accountability cases.
Syrian law also allows victims to seek compensation for the physical, psychological, material, and moral harm they suffered.
Strengthening the evidentiary record, she underlined, depends on corroborating witness testimony with videos, official documents, and medical and human rights reports.
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