Saudi Arabia: Three Centuries’ Legacy Weaves Memory of Unification

A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia: Three Centuries’ Legacy Weaves Memory of Unification

A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A group photo of Saudi Arabia’s founding King Abdulaziz and his children (Asharq Al-Awsat)

On September 23, 2021, Saudi Arabia marks a new decade in its first centenary after its founder Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud having unified the Kingdom under a profound legacy that spans over three centuries on the Arabian Peninsula.

Diriyah, with its traditional mud-brick architecture that runs along the Wadi Hanifah valley, has kept the secret to the Kingdom’s establishment in 1722. It cradles the fond memory of the birth of one of the most important nations in the Middle East and the whole world.

Weathering harsh storms and high winds, Diriyah has maintained its centrality to the political and economic scene in the Kingdom and the region over the last decades.

The first and second Saudi states fluctuated in their stability and expansion because of the geopolitical realities that the region was living in the 1800s.

It ended with the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, which was extending and folding its control from time to time on the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula.

Before its final collapse, the Ottoman Empire mandated military campaigns that were bloody to kill the people and destroy their cities and spread fear and eliminate any signs of state and life.

With the decline of the influence of the Ottoman Empire and then its end, a stage ended, and another began.

1929 - Victory for the State

With the passage of time, minor historical events fade under shadows cast by significant happenings. Nevertheless, it is those minor instances that defined the building of a cohesive and modern state that proves its founder’s innovation and awareness.

Diversifying Foreign Relations

While Britain’s role as one of the major active powers that shaped political and geographical equations was waning, King Abdulaziz was vigilantly managing his young state’s affairs without rushing to expose it to dangers.

By September 23, 1932, Royal Decree No. 2716 was issued as an essential historical document in building the modern Saudi state.

Issued by the founder, the decree included seven articles. One of the articles stipulated renaming the Kingdom of Hejaz and Najd as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its founder as “King.” That moment marked the launch of an important political entity that radiates its impact on the regional and global scenes.

2030 – A New Perspective

The successors of King Abdulaziz continued his march, betting on the pillars of stability and development, which gave the country decades of progress and prosperity. This approach has given the Kingdom cohesion in the face of a sea of ​​challenges and difficulties that engulfed the region and shook the pillars of several states and the well-being of their peoples.

Today, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, the seventh king of Saudi Arabia, is nurturing a new stage in the country’s history under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.

Saudi Arabia’s leadership is bringing together the promises of the future and overcoming obstacles by returning to deeper roots in the oldest civilizations that were in the Arabian Peninsula.

It is relying on the geography that connects the past and the present and Saudi Arabia’s position as a vital hub linking three continents, and its major role in global history.



Albudaiwi: GCC States Consistently Seek to Enhance Global Security and Stability

Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Jasem Albudaiwi. SPA
Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Jasem Albudaiwi. SPA
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Albudaiwi: GCC States Consistently Seek to Enhance Global Security and Stability

Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Jasem Albudaiwi. SPA
Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Jasem Albudaiwi. SPA

Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Jasem Albudaiwi said that the GCC member states consistently seek to enhance security, stability, development, and prosperity to serve the mutual interests of the region's peoples and the entire world.

This comes in light of the rapid geopolitical shifts as well as growing security and economic challenges facing the globe, according to SPA.

During his participation in a panel session on GCC-European strategic links, held today in the Czech capital, Prague, on the sidelines of the GLOBSEC Global Security Forum 2026, the GCC secretary-general said: "The GCC General Secretariat’s participation in the GLOBSEC Global Security Forum 2026 embodies its keenness to maintain an active presence in regional and international forums. This engagement aims to bolster communication and exchange perspectives with international partners, decision-makers, and experts, thereby supporting efforts to maintain regional and international security while keeping pace with rapid global changes."

He also pointed out that the region has recently witnessed several events that have heavily impacted security and stability, adding that the GCC states have sustained their continuous diplomatic efforts to de-escalate and defuse tensions in the region, promoting paths of dialogue and diplomacy to protect regional security, stability, and the safety of its peoples.

The GCC secretary-general underscored the paramount importance of protecting the security of air and maritime corridors, ensuring freedom of navigation, the safety of supply chains, and the stability of global energy market.

"The stability of the Gulf region remains a fundamental pillar for the stability of the global economy and international maritime security," he reiterated.

Albudaiwi explained that recent developments have proven that the security of Europe and the Middle East has become unprecedentedly interconnected, asserting that any disruption in the Gulf region and its surrounding maritime passages directly affects the European economy, global energy security, supply chains, and international stability as a whole. He stressed that Gulf stability is no longer merely a regional matter, but has become a shared international interest.

Discussing the future of Gulf-European relations, Albudaiwi mentioned that both sides aspire to elevate their ties to broader horizons.

He added that the upcoming GCC-EU Summit will contribute to cementing cooperation across numerous fields and achieving the mutual interests of both parties, emphasizing the significance of reaching tangible results that serve both sides and elevate their ongoing cooperation.


Saudi Arabia Says Will Not Allow Practices That Deviate Hajj from its Objectives

Security commanders are seen at the press conference in Makkah on Friday (Bashir Saleh)
Security commanders are seen at the press conference in Makkah on Friday (Bashir Saleh)
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Saudi Arabia Says Will Not Allow Practices That Deviate Hajj from its Objectives

Security commanders are seen at the press conference in Makkah on Friday (Bashir Saleh)
Security commanders are seen at the press conference in Makkah on Friday (Bashir Saleh)

Saudi Arabia said it would not allow the Hajj to be used for any activity that strays from its religious purpose, as more than 1.5 million pilgrims arrived from abroad by Friday afternoon.

He made his statement during a press conference by Hajj security commanders at the Unified Security Operations Center (911) in the Makkah region.

Officials outlined security, traffic, and organizational plans for this year’s holy pilgrimage, along with related instructions and guidelines.

Lt. Gen. Mohammed Al-Bassami, director of Public Security, said the Hajj security system was fully ready to carry out its duties.

“Our goal is for pilgrims to reach their destination, perform their rituals, and return home safely,” he stressed.

Al-Bassami said crowd management plans focused on regulating pilgrim flows and minimizing overlap between routes. Technology, he said, was playing a key role alongside security personnel on the ground.

He said authorities were prepared for various scenarios based on risk assessments, following extensive drills and field exercises to test the readiness of all security agencies.

Lt. Gen. Mohammed Al-Omari, commander of the Special Emergency Forces at the Presidency of State Security, described the security plans as “integrated, proactive and flexible.” He said security forces were deployed in the central area and the holy sites to protect pilgrims.

Maj. Gen. Dr. Hammoud Al-Faraj, director general of Civil Defense, said preparations for the Hajj season were complete.

“We trained all bodies involved in serving pilgrims on self-protection,” he said, adding that male and female volunteers were working alongside Civil Defense personnel across all tasks and operations.

Maj. Gen. Dr. Saleh Al-Murabba, commander of the Passports Forces for Hajj, said the “Makkah Route” initiative accounted for 30% of arriving pilgrims. He said 1,518,153 pilgrims had arrived from outside Saudi Arabia by Friday afternoon.


Saudi, Pakistani Interior Ministers Discuss Security Cooperation

Saudi Minister of Interior Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Naif bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)
Saudi Minister of Interior Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Naif bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)
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Saudi, Pakistani Interior Ministers Discuss Security Cooperation

Saudi Minister of Interior Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Naif bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)
Saudi Minister of Interior Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Naif bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)

Saudi Minister of Interior Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Naif bin Abdulaziz received on Friday a telephone call from his Pakistani counterpart Mohsin Naqvi for talks on issues of common interest.

They also reviewed aspects of security cooperation and coordination.