Washington Vows More Sanctions on Houthi Leaders

Houthi fighters ride on the back of a patrol truck as they secure the site of a pro-Houthi tribal gathering in a rural area near Sanaa, Yemen, on July 21, 2016. REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah
Houthi fighters ride on the back of a patrol truck as they secure the site of a pro-Houthi tribal gathering in a rural area near Sanaa, Yemen, on July 21, 2016. REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah
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Washington Vows More Sanctions on Houthi Leaders

Houthi fighters ride on the back of a patrol truck as they secure the site of a pro-Houthi tribal gathering in a rural area near Sanaa, Yemen, on July 21, 2016. REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah
Houthi fighters ride on the back of a patrol truck as they secure the site of a pro-Houthi tribal gathering in a rural area near Sanaa, Yemen, on July 21, 2016. REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah

Washington has pledged to take the “necessary steps” and use all “appropriate tools” to hold Houthis responsible for the recent attacks against Saudi Arabia and the UAE, and their role in protracting the conflict in Yemen, described as the worst humanitarian crisis in the world.

A sharp rhetoric is being resorted to in US statements as well as diplomatic moves made by US officials in the State Department and the White House. The US has also reiterated the importance of finding a solution for Yemen according to international references, especially UN Resolution 2216.

Regarding recent statements made by US President Joe Biden about redesignating Houthis as a terrorist organization, a US State Department official told Asharq Al-Awsat that the revision of such a decision is still ongoing against a backdrop of the deteriorating situation in Yemen and the failure to establish a ceasefire.

Although the official did not elaborate more on the review steps, he stressed that Washington “is committed to improving the humanitarian situation in Yemen.”

Speaking under the condition of anonymity, the official asserted that the US had not found a single positive role for Iran in Yemen.

If Iran wants to show that it can be a responsible actor, it must begin by ending its interference in the conflict in Yemen, “and from this standpoint, we have supported dialogue between it and the countries of the region in the interest of security and stability,” the official told Asharq Al-Awsat.

The US administration will continue to work with its partners in the region to stand against the “unfortunate Houthi attacks,” as well as continue to hold the Houthis responsible for their “heinous actions.”

As for diplomatic efforts, the official pointed to the efforts of US Special Envoy to Yemen Tim Lenderking and said they help in building international consensus for an immediate and comprehensive ceasefire and a political solution.

Saudi Arabia and the Yemeni government had both announced their support for a ceasefire and the resumption of political talks.

Moreover, the official praised Oman in helping untangle the Yemeni crisis, describing it as a “decisive and proactive regional role.”

US State Department spokesman Ned Price said that the US administration is “taking a close look” at the appropriate response for the Houthi attacks.

“What we will continue to do, no question about it, is to stand with the UAE, stand with Saudi Arabia,” said Price.

Speaking at a press briefing, Price revealed that Washington will continue to work with its partners and allies to hold Houthis accountable.

“We will continue to hold the Houthis to account for these terrorist attacks. We will do that in different ways. We have used a number of tools already, and I suspect you will see us continue to do that in the days and weeks ahead,” he Price.

“We will not relent in designating Houthi leaders and entities involved in military offensives that are threatening civilians and regional stability, perpetuating the conflict, committing human rights abuses, or violating international humanitarian law, or exacerbating the very grave humanitarian crisis,” he added.

Commenting on the steps taken by the US administration, Norman Roule, a former official in the CIA and a current senior advisor to the “United Against Nuclear Iran” project, said that Washington had hoped to force the Houthis to return to negotiations for a peaceful solution in good faith.

However, the Houthi attacks and speeches indicate a “terrorist organization.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Roule pointed to Iran encouraging Houthis.

Because of this, the group has repeatedly refused diplomatic operations and attacked dozens of civilian targets in the hope of causing great human losses.

However, Roule believes that relisting Houthis as a terrorist group will not be easy.

According to the expert, there are people in the US administration who believe the redesignation will impede humanitarian operations and make a political settlement out of reach.

The Houthis have been more willing to consider a political settlement when they face military setbacks, and neither the Biden administration nor Europe is likely to support military action, “so I don’t think the administration will be able to do much in that regard,” said Roule.

He added that the US would continue to send Lenderking to find out whether political solutions are possible.

Answering a question about the link between nuclear talks in Vienna with Iran and Houthis, Roule explained that the Iranians have always separated nuclear talks from regional and missile issues.

“Perhaps Tehran’s attacks on the UAE and Saudi Arabia are not related to the talks. However, the size of the attack and the complex nature of weapons used by the Houthis likely require some degree of Iranian support, perhaps even being directly involved in the attacks,” said Roule.

He stressed that the UAE and Saudi Arabia are still very safe despite the recent attacks. This safety is due to the skill of the air defense units and security services, but the Iranian-backed Houthi attacks pose a threat to millions of expatriates living in these countries.

“This makes the Houthi attacks an attack on the international community no less than (Al-Qaeda’s) attacks in New York,” concluded Roule.



At Syria Cemetery, People Search for Missing Loved Ones

File photo: People searching for bodies in a trench believed to be a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus in December (AFP)
File photo: People searching for bodies in a trench believed to be a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus in December (AFP)
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At Syria Cemetery, People Search for Missing Loved Ones

File photo: People searching for bodies in a trench believed to be a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus in December (AFP)
File photo: People searching for bodies in a trench believed to be a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus in December (AFP)

Weeping, Fairuz Shalish grasps the red earth at an unmarked grave in Syria that she believes may hold her son, one of tens of thousands of people who vanished under ousted president Bashar al-Assad.

Thousands poured out of the country's web of prisons in the final days of Assad's rule and after the opposition factions toppled him on December 8.

But as the weeks go by, many families are still desperately searching for news of relatives who were detained or went missing during years of his iron-fisted rule.

Shalish, 59, has not seen her 27-year-old son Mohammed since military security personnel stormed their home near Homs around dawn in early November, just weeks before Assad's ouster.

"I was screaming," she said at the Tal al-Naser cemetery near Homs.

"They shot him in the leg, he fell on the ground and two of them came and opened fire" repeatedly before taking him away, she said, a foul smell lingering in the crisp winter air.

"He has four young children... he has a son who is two," she told AFP.

"I tell him that (his father) will be back tomorrow."

The fate of detainees and others who went missing remains one of the most harrowing legacies of Syria's conflict, which started in 2011 when Assad's forces brutally repressed anti-government protests.

Arbitrary arrests, violence and torture were all part of a paranoid state killing machine that crushed any hint of dissent.

"There were people who accused (Mohammed) of being in contact with revolutionaries in the north," Shalish said.

Her other son, detained at the same time, was later released, but she was told unofficially that Mohammed had died, without receiving any formal notification.

'Need to be certain'

At the sprawling cemetery, pieces of construction blocks serve as makeshift headstones in the dirt where Shalish sits.

At an earlier visit, she learnt that an individual buried there had the same date of death as her son.

But she has been unable to obtain authorization to exhume the body, which was identified only by a code.

"If I have to go to the end of the Earth, I will go. I need to see if it's my son or not," she said.

"I need to be certain, so my heart can be at rest."

Adnan Deeb, known as Abu Sham, who is in charge of burials at the Tal al-Naser cemetery, sorts through ledgers containing the names of people who are interred there, leafing through worn, handwritten pages of records, organized by date.

He said that after the uprising started, authorities began bringing bodies from the military hospital to be buried at the cemetery.

"Some had codes, while others were identified by name," said the towering man in a long black robe, his head wrapped in a traditional keffiyeh.

"Sometimes we'd get 10, sometimes five... They'd bring them in ambulances or in pick-ups or military vehicles," he said, adding that some bore signs of torture.

"It was an atrocious sight. Atrocious. But we had no choice but to do our job," he added.

Still looking

Deeb estimated several thousand former detainees could be buried at the cemetery.

He expressed hope that the military hospital's computer systems would eventually reveal the names of the bodies identified only by codes.

People need to "know where their children are buried", Deeb said.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has said determining the fate of the missing will be a massive task likely to take years.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a Britain-based war monitor, has said more than 100,000 people have died in detention from torture or dire health conditions across Syria since 2011.

Rafic al-Mohbani, 46, from Homs, has been searching for answers for more than a decade.

His eyes flash with rage as he recounts how his brother Raef and brother-in-law Hassan Hammadi disappeared on their way home from work in June 2013.

"They told us they were at the military security branch in Homs. We went and asked, and they said they transferred them to Damascus. After that, we don't know what happened," he said.

"We paid several sums of money to several people" secretly, he said.

"We got a lawyer, and still couldn't find out anything."

After prisoners began streaming out of Assad's jails last month, "we posted the photos again, we've been looking at cemeteries and hospitals", Mohbani said.

He also visited Tal al-Naser cemetery, with no success.

But the gaunt man, who works as a mechanic, said he still had hope of learning the two men's fate.

"God willing, justice will prevail for us and everyone in Syria."