Saudi Arabia Has Potential to Lead Global Coffee Industry Trade

The International Forum for the Sustainability of Saudi Coffee concluded on Sunday in Jazan. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The International Forum for the Sustainability of Saudi Coffee concluded on Sunday in Jazan. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia Has Potential to Lead Global Coffee Industry Trade

The International Forum for the Sustainability of Saudi Coffee concluded on Sunday in Jazan. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The International Forum for the Sustainability of Saudi Coffee concluded on Sunday in Jazan. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The International Forum for the Sustainability of Saudi Coffee highlighted the Kingdom’s potentials to be a global hub for the trade and manufacture of coffee.

The forum, which concluded on Sunday, was organized by the Ministry of Culture in the southern city of Jazan with the participation of local and international experts to mark International Coffee Day.

A set of recommendations were issued at the end of the event, including the importance of Saudi Arabia joining the International Coffee Organization to promote the exchange of experiences, enhance the presence of the local product internationally, and cooperate in the field of research, innovation and development of national capabilities.

The forum stressed the need to help farmers improve production and boost the sector’s sustainability, and to support the innovation and entrepreneurship industry that would contribute to addressing challenges related to strengthening the Saudi coffee value chain.

The participants recommended organizing an annual international forum for Saudi coffee to discuss the achievements, challenges and aspirations, in partnership with the local community, and to study the launch of cultural indicators in cooperation with stakeholders, with the aim to monitor support for the coffee industry.

The second day of the forum concluded with two dialogue sessions that focused on the participation of government and research agencies in the field of coffee industry, in addition to examining the field from a medical angle, and its benefits on the health of the individual and society.

At the beginning of the first session, Dr. Al-Habib Khemira, researcher at the Center for Environmental Research and Studies at Jazan University, reviewed the main Saudi coffee varieties and their cultivation through different stages.

Eng. Bandar Al-Fifi, Director of the National Coffee Component at FAO, stated that coffee was the most consumed beverage around the world. He noted that the average daily demand for coffee consumption was increasing annually, which requires raising the production to meet the high demand.

He also emphasized the importance of teaching the next generation about farming to secure growth for the industry.

Radi Al-Faridi, deputy director general of the National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture, discussed the importance of cooperation of all authorities in agricultural integration.

“The definition of agricultural sustainability encompasses all environmental, social and economic aspects,” Al- Faridi said.

“Currently coffee is considered the second-largest traded commodity in the world after oil, with the global coffee market value reaching $102 billion in 2020. It is expected that the market will continue to grow to reach a rate of 4.28 percent during the period 2022-2026,” he said.

Moreover, he remarked that as the expansion in the coffee market increases so will the pressure on coffee supply chains.

The last session of the forum concluded with a working paper by researcher Ghadeer Fallata, from the Saudi Food and Drug Authority.

She pointed that around 43 percent of Saudi adults consume caffeine at a rate of less than 300 mg per day, highlighting an increasing growth of commercial activities related to coffee shops.

“There has been steady growth of commercial activities related to cafes, as the Kingdom ranked 11th globally in 2019 in importing tea products, 13th in importing coffee products, and 14th in importing chocolate,” she added.



Gold Prices Dip as Markets Brace for 'Hawkish' Fed Tone

UK gold bars and gold Sovereign coins are displayed at Baird & Co in Hatton Garden in London, Britain, October 8, 2025. REUTERS/Hiba Kola
UK gold bars and gold Sovereign coins are displayed at Baird & Co in Hatton Garden in London, Britain, October 8, 2025. REUTERS/Hiba Kola
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Gold Prices Dip as Markets Brace for 'Hawkish' Fed Tone

UK gold bars and gold Sovereign coins are displayed at Baird & Co in Hatton Garden in London, Britain, October 8, 2025. REUTERS/Hiba Kola
UK gold bars and gold Sovereign coins are displayed at Baird & Co in Hatton Garden in London, Britain, October 8, 2025. REUTERS/Hiba Kola

Gold edged down on Tuesday as investors, having mostly priced in a Federal Reserve rate cut, looked ahead for clues that the US central bank might opt for a gentler-than-expected easing cycle when its two-day policy meeting begins later in the day.

Spot gold was down 0.3% to $4,174.91 per ounce, as of 0609 GMT. US gold futures for December delivery slipped 0.4% to $4,202.70 per ounce.

Investors are largely repositioning ahead of the Federal Reserve's policy meeting, OANDA senior market analyst Kelvin Wong said.

"Earlier in the month, Jerome Powell signalled hawkish rate-cut guidance during his press conference. So investors in the US Treasury market are adjusting their positions."

The benchmark US 10-year Treasury yields held near a 2-1/2-month peak hit on Monday, Reuters reported.

Analysts widely expect a "hawkish cut" this week accompanied by guidance and forecasts that signal a high threshold for further easing into next year.

Last week, data showed the US Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index, the Fed's preferred inflation gauge, landed in line with expectations, while consumer sentiment improved in December.

Private payrolls for November recorded their sharpest drop in more than 2-1/2 years, but jobless claims fell to a three-year low for the week ended November 28.

Markets now assign an 89% probability of a quarter-point cut at the Fed's December 9–10 meeting, according to CME's FedWatch Tool.

Lower interest rates tend to favor non-yielding assets such as gold.

Meanwhile, silver fell 0.6% to $57.76 per ounce. The white metal hit a record high of $59.32 on Friday.

"Right now, silver is more of a higher-beta play among precious metals," Wong said, adding that low inventories, strong industrial demand, and expectations of Fed rate cuts are driving its momentum, pushing it into risk-on mode and outperforming gold.

Platinum lost 0.2% to $1,638.35, while palladium shed 0.4% to $1,459.78.


Türkiye Cenbank Net Reserves Rose $5.5 billion Last Week, Bankers Say

Türkiye's Central Bank headquarters is seen in Ankara, Türkiye in this January 24, 2014 file photo. REUTERS/Umit Bektas
Türkiye's Central Bank headquarters is seen in Ankara, Türkiye in this January 24, 2014 file photo. REUTERS/Umit Bektas
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Türkiye Cenbank Net Reserves Rose $5.5 billion Last Week, Bankers Say

Türkiye's Central Bank headquarters is seen in Ankara, Türkiye in this January 24, 2014 file photo. REUTERS/Umit Bektas
Türkiye's Central Bank headquarters is seen in Ankara, Türkiye in this January 24, 2014 file photo. REUTERS/Umit Bektas

The Turkish Central Bank's net reserves increased by around $5.5 billion last week, due to foreign currency buying and rising gold prices, according to bankers.

Calculations by four bankers showed that net reserves rose to almost $78 billion in the week ending December 5, with net reserves excluding swaps rising some $4.5 billion to $62.5 billion, Reuters reported.

The bankers said the central bank bought more than $3 billion last week, with more than $1 billion of the increase due to the gold price change.

The bank's total gross reserves increased by $3.3 billion to $186.5 billion last week, the bankers said.

Their calculations were based on the central bank's preliminary data, with official data to be released on Thursday.


Non-Oil Activities Account for Half of Saudi Economic Growth Momentum

Photo of the Saudi capital (SPA) 
Photo of the Saudi capital (SPA) 
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Non-Oil Activities Account for Half of Saudi Economic Growth Momentum

Photo of the Saudi capital (SPA) 
Photo of the Saudi capital (SPA) 

The Saudi economy posted real growth of 4.8% in the third quarter of 2025 compared with the same period of the previous year, reflecting the Kingdom’s sustained economic momentum. Non-oil activities were the primary engine of expansion, while seasonally adjusted real GDP rose 1.4% from the second quarter of 2025.

According to the final data released by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), the annual growth figure came in slightly below the flash estimate published last October, which had projected a 5% increase. Even so, it remains the strongest quarterly performance recorded in 2025.

Non-oil activities delivered the largest contribution to overall annual growth, adding 2.4 percentage points, or 50% of the total 4.8% expansion. This outpaced the contribution from oil activities, which added 2.0 percentage points. The Authority revised its estimate for non-oil growth downward to 4.3% (from 4.5% in the flash estimate), while slightly raising its estimate for oil-sector growth to 8.3% (from 8.2%) for the previous quarter.

This improvement coincided with the gradual ramp-up in oil production following the expiration of voluntary cuts by the OPEC+ alliance at the end of August. Saudi Arabia increased its output by approximately 547,000 barrels per day starting in September, followed by an additional 137,000 barrels per day from November onward.

Both government activities and net taxes on products made modest positive contributions of 0.2 percentage points each.

On a quarterly, seasonally adjusted basis, oil and non-oil activities contributed 0.8 and 0.3 percentage points, respectively.

All economic sectors recorded positive annual growth. Oil refining emerged as the fastest-growing activity in the third quarter, rising 11.9% year-on-year and 3.9% quarter-on-quarter. It was followed by crude oil and natural gas activities, which grew 7.3% annually and 3.2% quarterly. Electricity, gas, and water services also posted gains of 6.4% year-on-year and 1.0% quarter-on-quarter.

From the expenditure perspective, performance varied between annual and quarterly comparisons. Final private consumption increased 2.6% year-on-year, but slipped 0.6% from the previous quarter. Conversely, final government consumption declined 3.1% annually, while increasing 1.4% quarter-on-quarter.

Gross fixed capital formation fell 0.7% year-on-year, but rebounded strongly on a quarterly basis with a 6.2% increase, indicating a pickup in investment spending during the third quarter.

Regarding foreign trade, the overall performance was buoyed by a significant surge in exports, which climbed 18.4% year-on-year and 7.5% quarter-on-quarter, reflecting strong external demand for Saudi products. Imports rose 4.3% annually, but edged down 1.2% on a quarterly basis.