At COP27, Egypt Demands Agreement that Preserves its Water Security

Sisi during his meeting with members of the US delegation, headed by Nancy Pelosi (Egyptian presidency)
Sisi during his meeting with members of the US delegation, headed by Nancy Pelosi (Egyptian presidency)
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At COP27, Egypt Demands Agreement that Preserves its Water Security

Sisi during his meeting with members of the US delegation, headed by Nancy Pelosi (Egyptian presidency)
Sisi during his meeting with members of the US delegation, headed by Nancy Pelosi (Egyptian presidency)

Taking advantage of the high international presence during the United Nations Climate Conference in Sharm El-Sheikh (COP27), Egypt is seeking more international support in its dispute with Ethiopia over the Renaissance Dam on the Nile River, calling for a “binding legal agreement that preserves its water security.”

Ethiopia is in conflict with Egypt and Sudan over the dam it has been building since 2011. Cairo says the project threatens its “rights” in the waters of the Nile River, calling for a binding legal agreement that regulates the rules of filling and operating the dam.

During a meeting with the Speaker of the US House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, and her accompanying delegation, on the sidelines of COP 27, on Thursday, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi explained the dispute with Ethiopia.

He stressed - according to the official spokesman - “the firm position on the necessity of reaching a binding legal agreement on filling and operating the dam, in order to achieve the interests of all parties and maintain Egypt’s water security.”

For his part, Sameh Shoukry, Egyptian Minister and President of COP27, met on Friday with members of the US delegation headed by Pelosi.

According to a statement by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, the meeting saw a lengthy discussion on water issues and the Renaissance Dam, as well as Egypt’s efforts to preserve its water resources.

Negotiations between the three countries, sponsored by the African Union, have been frozen since April 2021, after their failure to achieve a breakthrough. Consequently, Egypt submitted a protest letter to the UN Security Council, demanding pressure on Ethiopia through international partners.

On Friday, Egyptian Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation Hani Swailem met with Hon Reece Whitby, Minister of Environment and Climate Action for Western Australia.

Swailem expressed Egypt’s desire to promote international cooperation in water and climate, pointing to Australia’s successful experiences in the field of desalination and treatment.

During the COP27 sessions in Sharm el-Sheikh, Ethiopia sought to promote the Renaissance Dam as a project to confront climate change.

Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed congratulated the Egyptian government and people for their successful hosting of the climate conference, expressing his gratitude to President Sisi for inviting him to participate in the summit, and for “the generous hospitality” he received.

In his official speech, Abiy Ahmed said that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam was expected to be “a vital source of energy for the country and the region.”
He noted that despite Ethiopia’s great renewable energy potential and great infrastructure for generation and transportation, access to electricity in the country was still below 50 percent.

Abi Ahmed stressed that his country was “working hard to diversify and expand its energy mix to include other renewable energy sources such as geothermal energy, wind and solar energy, with the aim of achieving comprehensive access by 2030 through on-grid and off-grid technologies.”



Iran War Is Latest Blow to Somalia’s Malnourished Children

Fatima Mohamed feed Iqlas Omar Abdi, 1, with nutritious supplementary biscuit at the Daynile hospital as shortages of lifesaving therapeutic foods caused by shipping disruptions due to the Iran war have forced clinics treating severely malnourished children to turn away patients and ration supplies in drought-hit Somalia, in Daynile district of Mogadishu, Somalia April 20, 2026. (Reuters)
Fatima Mohamed feed Iqlas Omar Abdi, 1, with nutritious supplementary biscuit at the Daynile hospital as shortages of lifesaving therapeutic foods caused by shipping disruptions due to the Iran war have forced clinics treating severely malnourished children to turn away patients and ration supplies in drought-hit Somalia, in Daynile district of Mogadishu, Somalia April 20, 2026. (Reuters)
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Iran War Is Latest Blow to Somalia’s Malnourished Children

Fatima Mohamed feed Iqlas Omar Abdi, 1, with nutritious supplementary biscuit at the Daynile hospital as shortages of lifesaving therapeutic foods caused by shipping disruptions due to the Iran war have forced clinics treating severely malnourished children to turn away patients and ration supplies in drought-hit Somalia, in Daynile district of Mogadishu, Somalia April 20, 2026. (Reuters)
Fatima Mohamed feed Iqlas Omar Abdi, 1, with nutritious supplementary biscuit at the Daynile hospital as shortages of lifesaving therapeutic foods caused by shipping disruptions due to the Iran war have forced clinics treating severely malnourished children to turn away patients and ration supplies in drought-hit Somalia, in Daynile district of Mogadishu, Somalia April 20, 2026. (Reuters)

For Somalia's malnourished children, already suffering the twin catastrophes of looming famine and radical cuts in foreign aid, the US-Israeli war on Iran means more than soaring petrol pump prices; it is a matter of life and death.

Shortages of lifesaving therapeutic foods exacerbated by shipping disruptions are forcing clinics to turn away severely malnourished children and ration supplies, Reuters reporting shows.

Almost half a million children under 5 suffer from "severe acute malnutrition" or "wasting", the most life-threatening form of hunger, and the delays are worsening the effect of the aid reductions.

SOMALIA'S CHILDREN RELY ON EVER-SHRINKING FOOD AID

Health workers in Baidoa and Mogadishu say they have had to stretch out meagre stocks of specialized milk and nutrient-dense peanut-based paste vital to saving these children.

"Since the needs are large and we don't have a lot of supplies, we have had to keep reducing the amount we give children," nurse Hassan Yahye Kheyre said.

The 225 cartons of peanut paste remaining at his clinic, which treats more than 1,200 children, will probably be exhausted within two weeks, according to the International Rescue Committee, which supplies the facility.

"If ‌treatment is on-and-off, the ‌children will become very weak, physically and mentally. And it may not be possible to reverse it," ‌Kheyre ⁠added.

The IRC is ⁠one of three aid groups that said transport delays and rising costs linked to the war in Iran were making an already complicated situation worse.

At the clinic in the southwestern city of Baidoa, run by IRC's local partner READO, mother-of-nine Muumino Adan Aamin has been trying to get peanut paste for Ruweido, her 11-month-old daughter.

Ruweido is on a regimen of three sachets a day, but Aamin has been turned away twice because the clinic had run out each time.

Aamin nearly lost her daughter Anisa to hunger when a previous drought pushed Somalia to the brink of famine in 2017. "Just bone and skin," the toddler only survived because of peanut paste, Aamin said.

Nine years on, a new drought has pushed 6.5 million people, or one in three Somalis, ⁠into acute hunger, and aid groups are desperately trying to plug gaps.

An IRC order for peanut ‌paste that would have fed over 1,000 children got stuck two months ago in the ‌Indian port of Mundra, now congested with diverted cargoes unable to dock in the Gulf, said Shukri Abdulkadir, IRC's Somalia coordinator.

After being told that the peanut ‌paste, made in India, would take at least 30 more days to arrive, IRC cancelled the order.

It placed an emergency order for ‌400 cartons from Nairobi and is moving supplies in Mogadishu to Baidoa while awaiting them.

But the increase in freight and manufacturing costs has pushed the price of a single carton to $200 from $55, according to CARE International, whose latest order now buys enough for only 83 children rather than 300.

LIFE-SAVING FOOD AID TAKES LONGER AND COSTS MORE

In 2024, deliveries of therapeutic milk and ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) from Europe to Somalia typically took 30–35 days, increasing to 40–45 days in 2025 as vessels diverted around ‌Africa owing to security threats in the Red Sea.

Since the United States and Israel attacked Iran on February 28 and Iran closed the entrance to the Gulf, a lack of ships ⁠has pushed that out to 55–65 days, ⁠said Mohamed Omar, head of Health and Nutrition at Action Against Hunger (ACF) in Mogadishu.

Meanwhile in Somalia, the IPC global hunger monitor says more than 2 million people are now in the "Emergency" phase, one level before famine.

Admissions of severely malnourished children in January-March to health centers supported by ACF were up 35% from last year.

Staff at Daynile General Hospital, which is treating 360 children for wasting, said on April 20 that they barely had enough supplies for the week.

"Some children's nutritional status has already worsened," said health and nutrition supervisor Xafsa Ali Hassan.

Somalia was not among 17 impoverished nations singled out to receive a share of this year's funds allocated to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) by the US, which has made the most drastic cuts among foreign aid donors.

OCHA says more than 200 health facilities have been closed and mobile teams disbanded.

It said in December that over 60,500 severely malnourished children had gone untreated as a result, and that the number could rise to 150,000 if funding gaps persisted.

Then, when the Iran war erupted, domestic fuel prices leapt 150%.

"Somalia is really hard hit by the Iran war because people are still reeling from the impact of the previous drought," said IRC's Abdulkadir. "It's very difficult for people to absorb these shocks."

OCHA has appealed for $852 million from global donors to stave off a full-blown famine.

This is far below the $1.42 billion it requested last year - yet it has still barely received 14% of this amount.


Israel Using Water Access as ‘Weapon’ in Gaza, Says MSF

 Palestinians walk past the rubble of residential buildings destroyed during the two-year Israeli offensive, in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 15, 2026. (Reuters)
Palestinians walk past the rubble of residential buildings destroyed during the two-year Israeli offensive, in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 15, 2026. (Reuters)
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Israel Using Water Access as ‘Weapon’ in Gaza, Says MSF

 Palestinians walk past the rubble of residential buildings destroyed during the two-year Israeli offensive, in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 15, 2026. (Reuters)
Palestinians walk past the rubble of residential buildings destroyed during the two-year Israeli offensive, in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 15, 2026. (Reuters)

Israeli authorities are systematically depriving people in Gaza of the water they need to live, Doctors Without Borders warned Tuesday, decrying a campaign of "collective punishment" against Palestinians.

The extensive destruction of civilian water infrastructure in Gaza coupled with obstruction of access constitutes "an integral part of Israel's genocide", said the medical charity, which goes by its French acronym MSF.

In a report entitled "Water as a Weapon", MSF said the "engineered scarcity" was occurring alongside "direct killing of civilians, the devastation of health facilities, (and) the destruction of homes".

Together, this amounted to "the deliberate infliction of destructive and inhumane conditions of life on the Palestinian population in Gaza", warned the report, based on testimonies and data MSF collected in 2024 and 2025.

"Israeli authorities know that without water, life ends," MSF emergency manager Claire San Filippo said in a statement.

"Yet they have deliberately and systematically obliterated water infrastructure in Gaza, whilst consistently blocking water-related supplies from entering."

Despite an October ceasefire that largely halted the Gaza war that began after Hamas's 2023 attack on Israel, the territory remains gripped by daily violence as Israeli strikes continue and both the Israeli military and Hamas accuse each other of breaking the truce.

- 'Engineered' scarcity -

The MSF report pointed to data from the United Nations, European Union and World Bank indicating that Israel had destroyed or damaged nearly 90 percent of water and sanitation infrastructure in Gaza.

"Desalination plants, boreholes, pipelines and sewage systems have been rendered inoperable or inaccessible," it said.

The charity documented several incidents where it clearly identified water trucks and boreholes had been shot at or destroyed.

"Palestinians have been injured and killed simply trying to access water," San Filippo said.

The charity said that besides the local authorities, it was the largest producer and main distributor of drinking water in Gaza.

Last month, it provided more than 5.3 million liters of water each day, which meets the minimum needs of more than 407,000 people, or a fifth of Gaza's population.

However, throughout the war, "Israeli military displacement orders have locked our teams out of areas where we had provided water to hundreds of thousands of people," the MSF statement said.

- 'Perfect storm' -

MSF said a third of its requests to bring in critical water and sanitation supplies, including water desalination units, pumps, water tanks, insect repellent, chlorine and other chemicals to treat water, had "been rejected or left unanswered".

San Filippo also cautioned that the deprivation of water, "combined with dire living conditions, extreme overcrowding, and a collapsed health system, create a perfect storm for the spread of diseases".

MSF called on Israel to "immediately restore water for people at the required levels in Gaza".

It urged Israel's allies to "use their leverage to pressure Israel to stop impeding humanitarian access".


Mladenov Expected in Cairo, Israel to Discuss Gaza Ceasefire

A Palestinian worker breaks up concrete while working on rubble in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 19, 2026. (Reuters)
A Palestinian worker breaks up concrete while working on rubble in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 19, 2026. (Reuters)
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Mladenov Expected in Cairo, Israel to Discuss Gaza Ceasefire

A Palestinian worker breaks up concrete while working on rubble in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 19, 2026. (Reuters)
A Palestinian worker breaks up concrete while working on rubble in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, April 19, 2026. (Reuters)

Nickolay Mladenov, the Board of Peace's lead envoy for Gaza, is expected to arrive in Cairo on Tuesday as part of renewed political efforts to push forward the Gaza ceasefire, revealed sources.

A delegation from the Hamas movement is also expected to visit the Egyptian capital to join other members of the group and representatives of Palestinian factions who have been there for weeks.

Asharq Al-Awsat learned that Mladenov will visit Israel hours after arriving in Cairo. He will address with Israeli officials recent discussions that were held with Hamas. The officials will convey their positions on the new proposals over the ceasefire agreement that were drafted in coordination with mediators, notably Egypt.

In Cairo, Mladenov will meet with Hamas leaders and the mediators as part of consultations to reach a final framework that brings together all parties to implement the ceasefire to ensure that it can move forward to its next phase that includes the disarmament of factions in Gaza

Negotiations have hit a snag over Hamas and other factions’ insistence on Israel fulfilling its first phase commitments related to relief and allowing the entry of trucks into Gaza before they can be demanded to make any commitments on their end.

Israel and the United States, meanwhile, are demanding moving forward towards the most significant part of the second phase: disarmament.

A leading Hamas source told Asharq Al-Awsat that the movement is “open to dealing positively with all proposals, but it is insistent on Israel implementing everything that is demanded of it in the first phase, especially in ceasing its ongoing violations, ensuring the entry of relief and kicking of reconstruction of hospital and school infrastructure.”

The source said that Hamas “does not mind” discussions over its weapons, “but tying the issue to limited humanitarian causes without making clear stances over reconstruction, governance of the enclave and the future of the political path will lead towards the unknown.”

“The situation will remain unchanged as long as there are attempts to impose conditions that the movement and other Gaza factions refuse,” it added.

Israel must implement its commitments to the first phase of the ceasefire, urged the source. Hamas has agreed to discuss the second phase even as Israel carries out its first phase conditions.