Egypt’s Central Bank Faces Multiple Crises, Limited Options

The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) in Cairo, Egypt (Reuters)
The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) in Cairo, Egypt (Reuters)
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Egypt’s Central Bank Faces Multiple Crises, Limited Options

The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) in Cairo, Egypt (Reuters)
The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) in Cairo, Egypt (Reuters)

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) will hold a periodic meeting on Thursday when options to contain successive shocks to the Egyptian economy remain limited before growing local and global crises.

CBE will likely raise interest rates at today’s meeting to curb inflation, which has risen to unprecedented levels in Egypt.

Raising interest, however, will reduce chances of increasing growth rates in a country where the population exceeds 100 million people.

Moreover, it will increase the burden of debt service on the government.

CBE is forecast to hike its overnight interest rates by 200 basis points as it struggles to bring soaring inflation under control, a Reuters poll showed on Monday.

The median forecast in a poll of 15 analysts is for the bank to increase its deposit rate to 18.25% and its lending rate to 19.25% at its regular monetary policy committee (MPC) meeting. Seven of the analysts expected an increase of 300 bps.

At its last meeting on Feb. 2, the central bank left rates steady despite analyst expectations of a 150 bps increase, saying steep rate hikes put in place over the previous year should help to tame inflation, which in December had accelerated to a five-year high of 21.3%.

The central bank had raised rates by a total of 800 bps since Russia invaded Ukraine in early 2022.

With 12-month non-deliverable forward (NDF) rates now over 40 per dollar, another large-scale pound devaluation was just a matter of time, said Gergely Urmossy at Societe Generale.

“No time like the present to align foreign exchange rates with fundamentals,” Urmossy said, adding that the March 30 policy announcement was "one of the most anticipated events in the African Frontier space."

The weakening currency and soaring inflation, which in February hit a five-and-a-half-year high of 31.9%, also put more pressure on the central bank to raise rates, even if it adds to the costs of servicing climbing government debt.



Abu Dhabi Ports Signs MoU to Develop, Operate Shuaiba Container Terminal in Kuwait

Containers are seen at Abu Dhabi's Khalifa Port, UAE, December 11, 2019. REUTERS/Satish Kumar
Containers are seen at Abu Dhabi's Khalifa Port, UAE, December 11, 2019. REUTERS/Satish Kumar
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Abu Dhabi Ports Signs MoU to Develop, Operate Shuaiba Container Terminal in Kuwait

Containers are seen at Abu Dhabi's Khalifa Port, UAE, December 11, 2019. REUTERS/Satish Kumar
Containers are seen at Abu Dhabi's Khalifa Port, UAE, December 11, 2019. REUTERS/Satish Kumar

Kuwait Ports Authority (KPA) said on Monday it had signed a memorandum of understanding with Abu Dhabi Ports Group to develop and operate the container terminal at Kuwait’s Shuaiba port under a concession agreement.

Shuaiba port, established in the 1960s, is Kuwait’s oldest port. It covers a total area of 2.2 million square metres (543.63 acres) and has 20 berths, while the container terminal has a storage area of 318,000 sqare metres, according to KPA’s website.

The port, located about 60 km (37.3 miles) south of the capital, handles commercial cargo, heavy equipment, raw materials and chemicals essential to various industries.

The MoU represents “the first preliminary step” toward concluding a concession contract, subject to the completion of required studies, KPA said in a statement without disclosing the value of the deal, Reuters reported.

Under the agreement, Abu Dhabi Ports Group will prepare the technical, environmental and financial studies needed for the project, including infrastructure requirements.


Iran’s Rial Currency Plummets to New Low, Sparking Fears of Higher Food Prices

An Iranian trader counts money in Tehran's Grand Bazaar. (Reuters)
An Iranian trader counts money in Tehran's Grand Bazaar. (Reuters)
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Iran’s Rial Currency Plummets to New Low, Sparking Fears of Higher Food Prices

An Iranian trader counts money in Tehran's Grand Bazaar. (Reuters)
An Iranian trader counts money in Tehran's Grand Bazaar. (Reuters)

Iran’s rial slid further Monday to a new record low of more than 1.3 million to the US dollar, deepening the currency’s collapse less than two weeks after it first breached the 1.2-million mark amid sanctions pressure and regional tensions.

Currency traders in Tehran quoted the dollar above 1.3 million rials, underscoring the speed of the decline since Dec. 3, when the rial hit what was then a historic low.

The rapid depreciation is compounding inflationary pressures, pushing up prices for food and other daily necessities and further straining household budgets, a trend that could be intensified by a gasoline price change introduced in recent days.

Iran on Saturday added a third gasoline price tier, raising the cost of full bought beyond monthly quotes at 50,000 rials (4 US cents). It is the first major adjustment to fuel pricing since a price hike in 2019 that sparked nationwide protests and a crackdown that reportedly killed over 300 people.

Under the revised system, motorists continue to receive 60 liters a month at the subsidized rate of 15,000 rials per liter and another 100 liters at 30,000 rials, but any additional purchases now cost more than three times the original subsidized price. While gasoline in Iran remains among the cheapest in the world, economists warn the change could feed inflation at a time when the rapidly weakening rial is already pushing up the cost of food and other basic goods.

The fall comes as efforts to revive negotiations between Washington and Tehran over Iran’s nuclear program appear stalled, while uncertainty persists over the risk of renewed conflict following June’s 12-day war involving Iran and Israel. Many Iranians also fear the possibility of a broader confrontation that could draw in the United States, adding to market anxiety.

Iran’s economy has been battered for years by international sanctions, particularly after Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew the United States from Tehran’s nuclear deal with world powers in 2018. At the time the 2015 accord was implemented — which sharply curtailed Iran’s uranium enrichment and stockpiles in exchange for sanctions relief — the rial traded at about 32,000 to the dollar.

After Trump returned to the White House for a second term in January, his administration revived a “maximum pressure” campaign, expanding sanctions that target Iran’s financial sector and energy exports. Washington has again pursued firms involved in trading Iranian crude oil, including discounted sales to buyers in China, according to US statements.

Further pressure followed in late September, when the United Nations reimposed nuclear-related sanctions on Iran through what diplomats described as the “snapback” mechanism. Those measures once again froze Iranian assets abroad, halted arms transactions with Tehran and imposed penalties tied to Iran’s ballistic missile program.

Economists warn that the rial’s accelerating decline risks feeding a vicious cycle of higher prices and reduced purchasing power, particularly for staples such as meat and rice that are central to Iranian diets. For many Iranians, the latest record low reinforces concerns that relief remains distant as diplomacy falters and sanctions tighten.


Industry Minister Inaugurates Made in Saudi Expo 2025

Industry Minister Inaugurates Made in Saudi Expo 2025
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Industry Minister Inaugurates Made in Saudi Expo 2025

Industry Minister Inaugurates Made in Saudi Expo 2025

Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef inaugurated the third Made in Saudi Expo 2025 at the Riyadh International Convention and Exhibition Center in Malham, organized by the Saudi Export Development Authority through the Made in Saudi Program, with Syria’s Minister of Economy and Industry Dr. Mohammad Nidal al-Shaar in attendance.

The Syrian Arab Republic has been invited as the Guest of Honor at the exhibition, which has attracted strong participation from public and private sector organizations, as well as leading national manufacturers and industry leaders, SPA reported.

In his opening remarks, Alkhorayef emphasized that the exhibition serves as a key platform for showcasing advancements in Saudi industry, the quality of its products, and their competitiveness in local and international markets. He added that it is also an important venue for establishing strategic partnerships that support the growth of national industries.

He pointed out that the Made in Saudi Program, launched in 2021 under the esteemed patronage of HRH the Crown Prince, reflects the Kingdom's ambition to become a leading industrial power. Achieving this goal involves building consumer trust in its products and services in both domestic and global markets by nurturing local talent and innovation, promoting national products, and strengthening companies’ capabilities to expand internationally.

He also highlighted that Saudi non-oil exports have achieved remarkable success, reaching SAR515 billion in 2024, with historic results in the first half of 2025, demonstrating the highest half-year value of SAR307 billion. These figures underscore the industry’s vital role in diversifying the national economy in line with the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030.

The opening ceremony also welcomed the Syrian Arab Republic as this year’s Guest of Honor, highlighting the participation of more than 25 Syrian companies to present opportunities for industrial cooperation and integration, reflecting the strong fraternal ties between the two nations.

Alongside the exhibition, over 25 workshops are being conducted, while more than 50 memoranda of understanding are set to be signed.