New Peace Plan in Yemen Awaits Finishing Touches

Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman meets with Chairman of the Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Dr. Rashad Al-Alimi in Riyadh. (SPA)
Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman meets with Chairman of the Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Dr. Rashad Al-Alimi in Riyadh. (SPA)
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New Peace Plan in Yemen Awaits Finishing Touches

Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman meets with Chairman of the Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Dr. Rashad Al-Alimi in Riyadh. (SPA)
Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman meets with Chairman of the Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Dr. Rashad Al-Alimi in Riyadh. (SPA)

New efforts are underway to resolve the Yemeni crisis as it enters its ninth year. An informed Yemeni source revealed to Asharq Al-Awsat that a comprehensive peace document is being drafted.

Sponsored by the United Nations, the finishing touches are being made to the draft that covers several phases.

The first phase of peace would include a nationwide ceasefire, reopening of all land, air and sea routes, the merger of the central banks and complete prisoner swap deals.

Meanwhile, Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman reiterated the Kingdom’s constant support to Yemen.

He held talks in Riyadh with Chairman of the Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council Dr. Rashad Al-Alimi. The minister underlined Saudi Arabia’s backing to the work of the PLC as it pursues security and stability in Yemen.

Prince Khalid and Al-Alimi discussed the latest efforts to revive the peace process in line with a UN-sponsored comprehensive political process.

A spokesman for the Iran-backed Houthi militias had announced earlier this week that Houthi officials had met with UN envoy to Yemen Hans Grundberg in Oman for talks on the political and humanitarian arrangements of the comprehensive solution, as well as a prisoner swap.

Three phases

The latest peace plan for Yemen would take place over three stages. The first would take up six months, the second three and the final one two years. The informed sources said the timetable is still not finalized.

The plan would kick off with the declaration of a ceasefire and the formation of a committee that would oversee the merger of the central banks. A prisoner swap would be held and trust-building measures between the warring parties would be carried out.

The parties would then hold direct negotiations to establish how the Yemenis envision a state. This would then be followed by a transitional period.

The plan also calls for reopening all land, air and sea routes and lifting all restrictions on travel so that life could return to normal in government- and Houthi-held regions.

A comprehensive economic reform process, with Saudi Arabia’s backing, would also get underway. The source revealed that a committee, comprised of the PLC presidency, Yemeni prime minister and Saudi experts, has been formed to tackle the reforms. The committee is set to meet in the coming days.

The government has submitted its response and proposed amendments to the peace plan, revealed the source. It has demanded guarantees that the Houthis would not attempt to undermine the plan or renege on pledges.

The source expected a ceasefire to be declared in the coming days, for the truce to be consolidated and for fighting to stop at battlefronts. Other arrangements will need weeks to be implemented.

He added that the Houthis are escalating the situation on all military fronts to make the most gains before a ceasefire is declared.

Wary reaction

The Yemeni people are hoping that the latest peace efforts would end the war in their country and the coup by the Houthis against the legitimate government.

Chairman of Aden's Chamber of Commerce and Industry Abu Bakr Ba Obaid told Asharq Al-Awsat that he hoped change would take place in Yemen towards the better.

This change demands that the Yemenis abandon the revolution mindset and set their sights on construction and growth, he added.

Activists and researchers have warned against being too optimistic over the latest talk about peace. They said the Houthis remain untrustworthy, as demonstrated by how they failed to respect last year’s nationwide ceasefire and refused to reopen routes to Taiz city, one of the key demands of the truce.

Senior analyst at the International Crisis Group (ICG) Ahmed Nagi said the latest peace plan will undoubtedly have a positive impact on the lives of the Yemeni people and ease their humanitarian suffering.

He also said the plan would likely ease the military and political tensions and possibly lead to more understandings between the warring parties in the future. He noted that the announcement that Saudi Arabia and Iran were restoring their diplomatic relations would also have a positive impact in Yemen.

The optimism does not mean that the legacy of eight years of war will be erased any time soon, he warned. Quick solutions will fail in addressing the catastrophic situation in the country. The solutions must focus on the causes of the conflict and contain its consequences.

Mokhtar Abdullah, a store owner in the interim capital, Aden, welcomed the peace plan, saying the Yemenis have waited years for such news. He hoped the Yemeni parties would rise up to the occasion and work towards the public good, not their own interests.



Elusive Assassination Target, ‘Shadow Unit’ Founder: Who Is Mohammed al-Sinwar?

An image released by the Israeli military last December shows Mohammed al-Sinwar inside a vehicle in one of Hamas’ tunnels in northern Gaza (Israeli military/Reuters)
An image released by the Israeli military last December shows Mohammed al-Sinwar inside a vehicle in one of Hamas’ tunnels in northern Gaza (Israeli military/Reuters)
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Elusive Assassination Target, ‘Shadow Unit’ Founder: Who Is Mohammed al-Sinwar?

An image released by the Israeli military last December shows Mohammed al-Sinwar inside a vehicle in one of Hamas’ tunnels in northern Gaza (Israeli military/Reuters)
An image released by the Israeli military last December shows Mohammed al-Sinwar inside a vehicle in one of Hamas’ tunnels in northern Gaza (Israeli military/Reuters)

Doubts persist over whether senior Hamas military commander Mohammed al-Sinwar has been killed or survived an alleged Israeli strike, as Israeli officials intensify efforts to confirm his assassination while Hamas remains tight-lipped.

Multiple sources within the group have refused to confirm or deny al-Sinwar’s fate, fueling speculation surrounding the elusive commander, who has a decades-long track record of evading Israeli assassination attempts.

Al-Sinwar, the younger brother of slain Hamas leader Yehya al-Sinwar, has remained a top Israeli target throughout the Gaza war.

Yet, for more than 18 months of fighting, Israel has not officially confirmed a direct strike on him — a fact that reinforces his reputation as a master of disguise and a “high-value, hard-to-detect” target.

Despite a 13-year age gap — Yehya was born in 1962 and Mohammed in 1975 — the two shared not only blood ties but a deep-rooted partnership within Hamas, rising through the ranks together to lead the group’s military and political strategies.

The timing of Israel’s apparent attempt to target al-Sinwar — roughly 24 hours after the release of Israeli-American soldier Edan Alexander — has raised questions about whether the move was a calculated signal or the result of an intelligence breakthrough.

Sources within Hamas and other Gaza-based militant factions declined to confirm or deny whether the operation to recover Alexander was linked to locating al-Sinwar’s suspected hideout.

Tuesday’s intense airstrike, followed by a continued bombardment of the area on Wednesday that created a fire belt to prevent any rescue attempts, suggests Israel believed it was striking a high-value target.

Israel’s use of fire belts in a recent air assault on southern Gaza has drawn comparisons to previous assassination attempts targeting senior figures in Hezbollah and Hamas, including Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah and top Hamas military commanders Marwan Issa, Ahmed al-Ghandour, Bassem Issa and Jamal al-Zebda during the 2021 Gaza war.

On Tuesday night, Israeli warplanes dropped dozens of bombs and missiles on the emergency yard and rear compound of the European Gaza Hospital east of Khan Younis, as well as surrounding areas — with strikes extending up to 500 meters in some directions and about 300 meters in others, according to field sources who spoke to Asharq Al-Awsat.

Israeli public broadcaster Kan reported that the attack involved bunker-busting bombs aimed at destroying a suspected underground tunnel network in the area. The strikes targeted multiple tunnel entrances to ensure that anyone hiding inside would be killed, even if not directly hit.

Sources from Gaza-based factions told Asharq Al-Awsat that the location did in fact contain a tunnel system previously damaged in the 2014 war. Hamas’ military wing, Al-Qassam Brigades, reportedly managed to restore the tunnels, which had only suffered minor damage in earlier attacks during the current conflict.

As his role within Hamas expanded, al-Sinwar became a frequent target of Israeli assassination attempts spanning more than two decades.

One of the closest calls came during the 2021 conflict, when he was lightly wounded in a tunnel strike alongside Rafaa Salama, the former commander of Hamas’ Khan Younis Brigade.

Both men survived the attack with minor injuries.

Salama was later killed in an Israeli strike in July, along with Mohammed Deif, Hamas’ elusive military chief, in the coastal al-Mawasi area.

Al-Sinwar has survived at least seven Israeli assassination attempts over the past two decades, according to Hamas sources — a track record that has helped cement his image as one of the group’s most elusive and high-value operatives.

One early attempt came during the Second Intifada, which erupted in September 2000. In 2003, an explosive device was planted in the wall of his home, but he escaped unscathed.

In 2006, an Israeli strike targeted a vehicle believed to be carrying al-Sinwar. He was not inside at the time, and the operation failed — one of several similar attempts over the years.

In 2008, Hamas sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that al-Sinwar outwitted Israeli intelligence by manipulating radio communications.

He allegedly used pre-recorded transmissions to give the impression he was speaking live over a two-way radio, prompting Israeli forces to bomb the signal’s location. The attack missed its target — al-Sinwar was never there.

In another reported incident in 2019, local media claimed that al-Sinwar, Salama and other Hamas commanders were the targets of an Israeli commando operation involving a plot to poison and abduct them from a beach in Khan Younis. The Al-Qassam Brigades swiftly denied the report, calling it baseless.

Al-Sinwar is credited with founding the group’s secretive “Shadow Unit,” tasked with guarding high-value captives, including Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, according to Hamas sources who spoke to Asharq Al-Awsat.

The unit was established with approval from Mohammed Deif, the elusive commander of Hamas’ armed wing, the Al-Qassam Brigades. Al-Sinwar personally oversaw the formation of its initial core, selecting trusted field operatives from his home city of Khan Younis in southern Gaza.

Al-Sinwar’s central role in the 2006 abduction and concealment of Shalit near the Rafah border prompted the creation of the unit. Sources say it was formed roughly three months after the kidnapping, following several Israeli airstrikes on suspected Shalit hideouts.

The unit’s existence remained classified until 2016 — five years after Shalit’s release in a prisoner swap — when al-Qassam released previously unseen footage of the soldier during his captivity.

According to the same sources, both Deif and al-Sinwar ordered the establishment of the unit, with many of its founding members hailing from the Khan Younis refugee camp.

They included senior field commanders such as Abdul Rahman al-Mubasher, Khaled Abu Bakra, and Mohammed Dawoud — all of whom were later killed in Israeli operations in 2013 and 2021.

Other key figures linked to the unit included Sami al-Humaidah from Rafah, killed in 2008, and Abdullah Labad, a top explosives engineer from Gaza’s al-Shati camp, who was assassinated in 2011 along with his brother Ismail, a senior field operative involved in weapons production and smuggling.

Al-Sinwar continued to expand and develop the Shadow Unit for years, discreetly recruiting new members and enhancing its capabilities. Its full mission only became clearer following the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led assault on southern Israel.

Within Hamas, al-Sinwar has long been seen as the de facto operational commander of the al-Qassam Brigades, sources told Asharq Al-Awsat.

While Deif remained the official general commander, al-Sinwar is believed to have overseen many of the group’s military and administrative portfolios, shaping battlefield tactics and command structures behind the scenes.