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Saudi Arabia, France to Increase Cooperation in Technology, Energy, Industry

The Chairman of the Saudi French Business Council at MEDEF, Laurent Germain (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The Chairman of the Saudi French Business Council at MEDEF, Laurent Germain (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia, France to Increase Cooperation in Technology, Energy, Industry

The Chairman of the Saudi French Business Council at MEDEF, Laurent Germain (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The Chairman of the Saudi French Business Council at MEDEF, Laurent Germain (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to France reflects the desire of both countries to enhance comprehensive cooperation, underlining the strong bilateral ties shared by Paris and Riyadh.

Laurent Germain, Chairman of MEDEF's Saudi French Business Council and CEO of the Egis Group, told Asharq Al-Awsat that boosting economic relations between France and Saudi Arabia tops the agenda of discussions between President Emmanuel Macron and the Saudi Crown Prince.

He explained that over the past years, the areas of cooperation between the two countries have developed and diversified.

The official recalled that in April 2018, France and Saudi Arabia signed an intergovernmental agreement on developing the AlUla region and turning it into a significant cultural and tourist destination in the Middle East.

- Private sector

The CEO expected the France-Saudi Arabia Investment Forum on June 19 to provide an excellent opportunity for related discussions between the private sectors.

The Saudi Ministry of Investment, with the support of the French International Business Confederation, will organize the France-Saudi Arabia Investment Forum in Riyadh.

Germain recalled that the total trade between the two countries amounted to €10.7 billion in 2022, noting that the Kingdom was France’s 29th partner and the 25th supplier in the same year.

He asserted the need to boost economic relations between the two countries.

He said over 100 French companies of all sizes and sectors currently operate in Saudi Arabia, adding that French companies are keen to invest in the Kingdom and move their headquarters there.

- Strong interest

Germain reiterated that French companies are interested in the Kingdom, and Vision 2030 offers a wide range of cooperation opportunities in areas such as infrastructure and renewable energies, including hydrogen, industries, and mining.

Some French companies already provide the most innovative solutions to achieve giant projects throughout the Kingdom, such as the NEOM, AlUla, and Qiddiya.

France is also a land of opportunities for Saudi investors, according to Germain, who indicated that France 2030, the investment plan unveiled in 2021, offers foreign investors direct participation in transforming sectors of excellence.

- Dynamicity

The visit of Crown Prince Mohammed to Paris will support the dynamics of the French Saudi movement.

MEDF International, a leading business network in France, and the Saudi French Business Council are closely cooperating with their partners in the Kingdom and will continue to work to enhance economic exchanges between the two countries.

He noted that MEDEF organized for more than 30 years high-level meetings between French companies and Saudi officials in Paris and organized trade missions in the Kingdom.

The events are always an occasion for French companies to understand the economic ambitions of Saudi Arabia better and explore investment opportunities, Germain said.

- Collective actions

MEDEF International gathers every year about 7,100 French companies already operating in the world in 85 Business Councils headed by 55 CEOs of major international French companies.

It aims at promoting French companies’ know-how abroad through collective actions.

MEDEF International supports trade, technological cooperation, investments, and long-term partnerships, especially in emerging and developing markets and reconstruction markets.

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Business

IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.

Business

Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.

Business

Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.