The Golden Era of Saudi Culture

Saudi Minister of Culture Bader bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan Al Saud
Saudi Minister of Culture Bader bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan Al Saud
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The Golden Era of Saudi Culture

Saudi Minister of Culture Bader bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan Al Saud
Saudi Minister of Culture Bader bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan Al Saud

We bid farewell to 2023, with all accomplishments and lessons that we learned, welcoming the new year immensely determined to seize new opportunities and enhance our progress. We are intent on continuing our journey at the Ministry of Culture, a journey of big dreams inspired and empowered by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, and His Royal Highness the Crown Prince and Prime Minister - may God protect them. It is a journey grounded in Saudi ingenuity, diverse heritage is the secret to its success, and a bright future is its destination.

Five and a half years in, the journey has made exceptional gains in a record time, making the Saudi experience of institutionalizing the cultural sector unique and inspiring. Dreams have become reality, thanks to the immense support of our wise leadership that believes culture is crucial for the development of humanity and nations, as well as our productive partnership with Saudi intellectuals and creatives, and the tireless efforts of the young Saudi men and women who have been doing diligent work in the cultural sphere.

Although cultural sectors have many branches, the cultural system has operated in the spirit of a united team. Since then, it has succeeded in creating incentives within the sector by launching 500 initiatives to ensure that it evolves across the board and establishing 11 cultural commissions alongside 25 cultural institutions that make us proud. We have shared our inspiring cultural experience with the world through international forums, in order to enhance intellectual and cultural exchange, which contributed to reflecting the unique historical depth and value of Saudi culture.

Over the past few years, we have seen the expansion of our global partnerships with friendly states and international cultural organizations, and the Kingdom has become a cultural and artistic destination that draws visitors from across the world. It has adopted a vision that clearly sees the importance of promoting culture globally through its initiatives, which have received international support and endorsement.

Our journey has contributed to enhancing our national identity through a series of transformative and exceptional initiatives. It has facilitated access to cultural content in every region of the Kingdom, through over 4000 cultural events that drew 11 million visitors. The cultural system’s efforts have raised awareness about the importance of culture and its impact on individuals and society. According to recent studies, 92 percent of the Kingdom's residents now see the importance of culture in their daily lives. The private sector's investment in culture has doubled, and cultural activity now contributes more strongly to our GDP.

Surpassing Three Targets

The cultural system has also made strides in terms of supply, demand, and enabling factors. It has surpassed three of the targets it had set for the year 2030. The number of graduates in fields tied to cultural specialties has increased to more than 28,000, exceeding the target of 26,000. The number of employees in the cultural sectors has leaped to 244,000, whereas the 2030 target was 140,000. Additionally, the target number of Saudi participation in international cultural events was surpassed, with the Kingdom having taken part in 35.

In light of all that has been achieved, our experiences attest to the cultural system's capacity for adapting to change and its flexibility in creating innovative and sustainable operating models. The Saudi experience in facing the major challenge recently encountered by cultural sectors worldwide, COVID-19, is a prime example.

Ambitions for 2024

Looking to the future, we enter the year 2024 with great ambitions. We aim to enhance these gains and supplement them with more achievements in a rapidly evolving and changing world. Several major shifts that will impact the cultural sector over the next few years are emerging, creating new opportunities. While social transformations and consumer preferences affect the sector, they fundamentally help the system with planning. Global economic shifts push the cultural sector to adopt new approaches so that it can continue to thrive. It also highlights the significance of funding and support, while technological developments offer infinite opportunities for growth and contribute to creating new spaces.

Three Fundamental Pillars

The priorities of Saudi Arabia's cultural system, starting from the new year, will be founded on three fundamental pillars: culture for enhancing creative endeavors and community participation, economic growth, and national pride and global exchange. The focus is on achieving further progress, whether in terms of supply, by incentivizing innovation, production, and publication, demand (awareness and consumption), or enabling factors such as funding, education, vocational training, laws and regulations, and technology.

We are determined to strengthen our international partnerships and encourage plans for integrating culture into other public policies and ensuring that they complement one another to ensure that we achieve sustainable development goals across the globe. We are also determined to protect global heritage from challenges like climate change, conflicts, and other risks, and to contribute, with friends around the world, to safeguarding cultural treasures, which are part of our human civilization.
Enhancing and preserving culture is not only a fundamental need but also a civilizational responsibility.

Thus, we will continue to pursue Saudi Vision 2030. The journey of the Ministry of Culture will reach the middle of the journey towards 2030 in June. We have no choice but to fulfill the aspirations of our leadership and the ambitions of our country, which deserves to see forms of culture flourish. We would thereby enrich individual lifestyles, reinforce our national identity, and encourage cultural dialogue with the world.

 

Facts

 11 Million Visitors were drawn by 4,000 cultural activities in Saudi Arabia

 



Saudi Heritage Commission Enforces Strict Penalties Against Antiquities Violators

The fines varied according to the nature and circumstances of each violation
The fines varied according to the nature and circumstances of each violation
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Saudi Heritage Commission Enforces Strict Penalties Against Antiquities Violators

The fines varied according to the nature and circumstances of each violation
The fines varied according to the nature and circumstances of each violation

The Saudi Heritage Commission announced financial fines against 11 violators for dealing in portable antiquities without obtaining the required regulatory licenses, as part of its ongoing efforts to protect cultural heritage in the Kingdom and enhance compliance with regulations governing the sector.

The commission clarified that the violations involved displaying and selling antiquities on online platforms without registering or documenting them with the Heritage Commission or obtaining the necessary licenses, in explicit violation of the provisions of the Law of Antiquities, Museums and Urban Heritage.

The fines varied according to the nature and circumstances of each violation, reaching up to SAR15,000 in some cases.

The commission reaffirmed its commitment to monitoring violations related to heritage sites and collections across the Kingdom and taking the necessary legal and regulatory actions against all those proven to have contravened the regulations.

The Heritage Commission called on all citizens and residents to report any violations or non-compliant practices related to heritage sites or collections through its social media channels, by visiting its branches across the Kingdom, through the Archaeological Site Reporting platform, or by contacting the unified security operations center at 911.


Holy Quran Museum Showcases Rare 18th-Century Brass-Engraved Copy of the Quran

Among the museum’s distinctive exhibits is a copy of the Quran engraved on brass plates dating back to the 12th century AH - SPA
Among the museum’s distinctive exhibits is a copy of the Quran engraved on brass plates dating back to the 12th century AH - SPA
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Holy Quran Museum Showcases Rare 18th-Century Brass-Engraved Copy of the Quran

Among the museum’s distinctive exhibits is a copy of the Quran engraved on brass plates dating back to the 12th century AH - SPA
Among the museum’s distinctive exhibits is a copy of the Quran engraved on brass plates dating back to the 12th century AH - SPA

The Holy Quran Museum in the Hira Cultural District in Makkah offers a rich cultural and knowledge experience, enabling visitors to explore the history of the Holy Quran and its sciences, and view rare manuscripts and artifacts documenting the journey of its transcription through the ages, reflecting the care Muslims have given to the Holy Quran since the dawn of Islam to the present day, SPA reported.

Among the museum’s distinctive exhibits is a copy of the Quran engraved on brass plates dating back to the 12th century AH (18th century CE), showcasing the precision and mastery achieved in Islamic arts and the special attention given to Quranic transcription, combining beauty and scholarly accuracy.

This artwork embodies a continuation of deep-rooted traditions in Islamic calligraphy and decorative arts, utilizing various materials and techniques from parchment and paper to metals, highlighting Muslims’ profound connection to the Holy Quran and their commitment to preserving it in artistic forms that combine creativity and reverence.


Yemen Introduced the World to Coffee. Now, Its Coffeehouse Culture Is Booming in the US

Franchisee Ahmad Badr serves a drink and treat sampler at Arwa Yemeni Coffee on April 6, 2026, in Sunnyvale, Calif. (AP)
Franchisee Ahmad Badr serves a drink and treat sampler at Arwa Yemeni Coffee on April 6, 2026, in Sunnyvale, Calif. (AP)
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Yemen Introduced the World to Coffee. Now, Its Coffeehouse Culture Is Booming in the US

Franchisee Ahmad Badr serves a drink and treat sampler at Arwa Yemeni Coffee on April 6, 2026, in Sunnyvale, Calif. (AP)
Franchisee Ahmad Badr serves a drink and treat sampler at Arwa Yemeni Coffee on April 6, 2026, in Sunnyvale, Calif. (AP)

Hundreds of years ago, Yemen helped introduce the world to coffee. Lately, the mountainous, war-ravaged country that borders Saudi Arabia and Oman is exporting something else: its coffee culture.

Yemeni coffeehouses are opening at a rapid pace across the US. The number of cafes run by six major chains that serve Yemeni-style drinks grew 50% last year to 136, according to Technomic, a restaurant industry consulting company. The count doesn’t include the many smaller chains and independent cafes serving coffees and teas imported from Yemen.

Yemeni coffeehouses are meeting the moment for several reasons. They stay open late — sometimes past 3 a.m., especially during Ramadan — and provide a place to socialize for the growing number of Americans who don’t drink alcohol. Last year, a Gallup poll found that just 54% US adults reported drinking alcohol, the lowest percentage in 90 years.

“Generally in the Middle East, our nightlife is coffee, right? People hang out at coffee shops, they play cards, they talk. We wanted to bring that here,” said Ahmad Badr, who owns an Arwa Yemeni Coffee franchise in Sunnyvale, California.

Another reason for the cafes’ popularity is the growing number of Americans of Arab descent. Between 2010 and 2024, the Arab American population in the US rose by 43%, compared to around 10% growth for the US population as a whole, according to the Arab American Institute.

While most Yemeni coffee shops are in places with high concentrations of Arab Americans, including Michigan, California and Texas, they’re also opening in locations as diverse as Alpharetta, Georgia; Overland Park, Kansas; and Portland, Maine.

Customers are seen inside Arwa Yemeni Coffee on April 6, 2026, in Sunnyvale, Calif. (AP)

A taste of home

Faris Almatrahi is the co-founder and owner of Texas-based Arwa Yemeni Coffee, a chain with 11 cafes across the US and 30 more in development. He said an ongoing civil war in Yemen that began in 2014 has prevented Yemeni Americans like himself from visiting their homeland, so he has tried to evoke Yemen in his cafes.

Arwa locations are painted in natural desert tones, with archways that mimic mosques and lampshades shaped like the hats worn by Yemen’s coffee farmers.

“One of the ways to actually visit without traveling there was to bring that experience to the US, and that was a huge passion for us when we opened our first location,” Almatrahi said. “It was extremely emotional for all of us due to the fact that it really transported us to Yemen."

But Almatrahi noted that most of his customers aren’t of Arab descent. In fact, Americans of all backgrounds are seeking out new global flavors and authentic experiences, according to market research company Datassential. Food trends are also spreading quickly through social media.

Menus vary, but Yemeni cafes generally serve specialties like Adeni tea, a spiced tea similar to chai, and qishr, a traditional drink made from the dried husks of coffee cherries. Familiar drinks like lattes might contain special spices or honey; at Arwa, lattes features the outline of a camel stenciled in spices.

Bakery cases might contain khaliat nahal, or Yemeni honeycomb bread, a cheese-filled pastry drizzled with honey, or basboosa, a cake soaked in sugar syrup and often flavored with lemon or rose water. Many Yemeni menus also mix in more typical US coffeeshop fare, like matcha lattes or berry refreshers.

Franchisee Samir Irani pours Adeni tea inside Arwa Yemeni Coffee on April 6, 2026, in Sunnyvale, Calif. (AP)

Choices for coffee lovers

Peter Giuliano, a researcher with the Specialty Coffee Association, a California-based nonprofit, said culturally specific cafes have been a key growth driver in the US coffee industry for the last few years. In addition to Yemeni cafes, he cited the Latin-style chain Tierra Mia in California and Nguyen Coffee Supply, a New York-based company that roasts Vietnamese beans.

A customer who visited Badr's shop in Sunnyvale for the first time said an internet search brought her there on a recent weekday. Cindy Donovan said she’s always on the hunt for good coffee and was excited by Yemeni coffees she tried.

“I think they're much more refined and mellow, and much more full of flavor than a regular cup of dark roast, for instance,” Donovan said. “The cardamom in the drinks is fantastic. Very, very flavorful, rich but not heavy.”

Most Yemeni coffee is sun-dried, which enhances its flavor and brings out undertones of chocolate and fruit, Almatrahi said. Yemeni cafes often mix coffee with special spice mixes – or hawaij – that may contain cardamon, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, coriander or nutmeg.

“Our coffee and teas are not just made through a fully automatic machine,” said Mohamed Nasser, the director of operations for Haraz Coffee House, a Dearborn, Michigan-based chain with 50 US outlets and another 50 in development. “We have to manually blend and mix our coffee and tea, boil it with water and evaporated milk, make sure that it comes out (with the) perfect taste, perfect color.”

Yemen's flavorful history

Coffee has a long history in Yemen. While the plant was likely discovered in Ethiopia, by the 1400s it was being cultivated in Yemen, where monks brewed it to stay awake during prayers, according to the National Coffee Association, a US trade group.

Yemen monopolized the coffee trade for around 200 years until Dutch merchants smuggled coffee seeds to Indonesia and began growing plants there.

Almatrahi said a revitalization of the Yemeni coffee industry over the last two decades, led by coffee companies, foundations and young entrepreneurs, helped make the current US boom possible.

Coffee is one of the most promising sectors for economic development in Yemen, where more than 80% of the population lives in poverty, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

“We are ambassadors for our culture and our people. So when we open these shops, we want to perform the outreach, to show the hospitality, to show what we have to offer,” Almatrahi said.