Swiss Chocolate…Story Born in 19th Century

Worker selects some of the sweet and elegant chocolates at the Laederach Swiss chocolatier shop in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Photo: AFP
Worker selects some of the sweet and elegant chocolates at the Laederach Swiss chocolatier shop in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Photo: AFP
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Swiss Chocolate…Story Born in 19th Century

Worker selects some of the sweet and elegant chocolates at the Laederach Swiss chocolatier shop in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Photo: AFP
Worker selects some of the sweet and elegant chocolates at the Laederach Swiss chocolatier shop in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Photo: AFP

The French know how to make good chocolate, the delicious praline comes from Belgium, but only Switzerland has a special relationship with its chocolate products.

A group of chocolate lovers gather on a cold morning in the Müensterplatz square, in Basel. Stephie, the tour guide, distributes the famous Leckerli gingerbread, a specialty of Basel covered with a layer of chocolate to satisfy the mood of the group.

On the Rhine banks, she got a piece of white chocolate with cocoa liquor from her handbag, and another one that combines dark and milk chocolate with cocoa butter, cocoa, sugar and milk.

“It is the bitter, savory and sweet taste that chocolate gives,” says Stephie.

A moment of anticipation precedes the first bite: the piece melts instantly thanks to the Swiss creativity. According to the tour guide, cocoa was sold in pharmacies during the 18th century. “It was a medical syrup mixed with herbs,” she explains.

When it arrived in Europe, it saw a swift transition, first with the sugar, and then, with the Swiss creative manufacturers. The first chocolate bar was made in England, in 1847, when British Joseph Fry developed a method to mix cocoa powder, sugar and cocoa butter to make a soft piece. Yet, the first edible chocolate piece was somehow fragile and hard to chew.

According to the German news agency, Switzerland discovered chocolate production in the 19th century. In 1819, François-Louis Cailler established the first chocolate factory on the Geneva Lake. The Cailler brand (today known as Nestle) is one of the oldest brands that are still alive in Switzerland.

But the real revolution was led by Daniel Peter, Cailler’s step son, 50 years later. In 1975, he created the first mass produced milk chocolate product. After several attempts using milk powder, Peter created the first successful chocolate product combining cocoa butter, cocoa liquor, sugar and condensed cow milk. “He was the first to serve chocolate to tourists,” Stephie says.

The next step to perfection was the use of the conche to mix the chocolate. Conching is a process invented by Rodolphe Lindt, from Berne, in 1879. He heated chocolate at 90C, stirred it for a long period and finally had a chocolate that melts in the mouth with a nicer smell.

Stephie notes that Basel is famed for a wide variety of sweets, which made it a destination for locals and visitors alike.

Schwyz, 35 kilometers from Lucerne, embraces the Max Felchlin firm, specialized in making flavored chocolate.

Cocoa beans from Latin America, Ghana and Madagascar are processed at the Felchlin factory until they become a shiny, mellow block.

The group visited the Max Felchlin store in Lucerne. The tasting there starts with low-intensity chocolate pieces, followed by peppery white chocolate with a sweet and chilly taste. Then, the tourists enjoy a piece of milk chocolate mixed with balsamic vinegar that tastes like gingerbread and chilly crackers, and the tour ends with a dark, sugarless piece of chocolate.

The tasting experience was fun, boosted everyone’s mood and emphasized, once again, the identity of the Swiss chocolate.



Caffeinated Beverages May Help Protect the Brain, Study Says

A cup of coffee and a cappuccino are seen at a Juan Valdez store in Bogota, Colombia June 5, 2019. (Reuters)
A cup of coffee and a cappuccino are seen at a Juan Valdez store in Bogota, Colombia June 5, 2019. (Reuters)
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Caffeinated Beverages May Help Protect the Brain, Study Says

A cup of coffee and a cappuccino are seen at a Juan Valdez store in Bogota, Colombia June 5, 2019. (Reuters)
A cup of coffee and a cappuccino are seen at a Juan Valdez store in Bogota, Colombia June 5, 2019. (Reuters)

Drinking a few cups of caffeinated coffee or tea every day may help in a small way to preserve brain power and prevent dementia, researchers reported on Monday.

People with the highest daily intake of caffeinated coffee had an 18% lower risk of developing dementia compared to those with the lowest such intake, according to a study based on responses to questionnaires by 132,000 U.S. adults spanning four decades.

The study, published in JAMA, also found that the people with the highest intake had a lower rate - by nearly 2 percentage points - of ‌self-perceived memory ‌or thinking problems compared to those with ‌the ⁠lowest intake.

Results were ‌similar with caffeinated tea, but not with decaffeinated beverages, the researchers said.

While the findings are encouraging, the study does not prove caffeine helps protect the brain, they said.

The magnitude of caffeine's effect, if any, was small, and there are other better-documented ways to protect cognitive function as people age, study leader Dr. Daniel Wang ⁠of Harvard Medical School said in a statement.

Lifestyle factors linked with lower risks of ‌dementia include physical exercise, a healthy diet ‍and adequate sleep, according to previous ‍research.

"Our study suggests that caffeinated coffee or tea consumption can ‍be one piece of that puzzle," Wang said.

The findings were most pronounced in participants who consumed two to three cups of caffeinated coffee or one to two cups of caffeinated tea daily, the researchers reported.

Those who drank caffeinated coffee also showed better performance on some objective tests of cognitive function, according to the ⁠study funded by the National Institutes of Health.

Further research is needed to validate the factors and mechanisms responsible for the findings, the researchers said.

They noted that bioactive ingredients in coffee and tea such as caffeine and polyphenols have emerged as possible factors that reduce nerve cell inflammation and damage while protecting against cognitive decline.

"We also compared people with different genetic predispositions to developing dementia and saw the same results - meaning coffee or caffeine is likely equally beneficial for people with high and low genetic risk of developing ‌dementia," study coauthor Dr. Yu Zhang of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health said in a statement.


AlUla Announces Exceptional Ramadan Experiences

These programs come as part of efforts to enhance AlUla’s tourism experience - SPA
These programs come as part of efforts to enhance AlUla’s tourism experience - SPA
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AlUla Announces Exceptional Ramadan Experiences

These programs come as part of efforts to enhance AlUla’s tourism experience - SPA
These programs come as part of efforts to enhance AlUla’s tourism experience - SPA

AlUla Governorate is welcoming the holy month of Ramadan this year with a wide range of diverse tourism experiences that reflect the area’s distinctive character and rich cultural heritage, reinforcing its position as one of the Kingdom’s most prominent destinations to visit during the holy month.

During Ramadan, AlUla offers an integrated experience catering to different visitor preferences, including guided stargazing experiences, cultural events, and night markets, in addition to traditional dining experiences for Iftar and Suhoor, embodying the depth of AlUla’s cultural heritage and local identity.

The Ramadan programs in AlUla include a variety of standout events, such as Ramadan experiences at Maraya Hall, a cultural market, and live performances in the atmosphere of Ashar Valley, alongside heritage tours in AlUla Old Town that narrate stories of AlUla and its Ramadan customs, including the award-winning Incense Road Experience, SPA reported.

The programs also feature seasonal art exhibitions hosted across multiple cultural venues, including Design Space AlUla, the fourth edition of Desert X AlUla, and the Arduna exhibition at AlUla Oasis, in addition to experiences combining art, nature, and stargazing at Daimumah Oasis in collaboration with AlUla Manara.

Visitors are also offered tours to prominent archaeological sites, including Hegra, Dadan, and Jabal Ikmah, to explore ancient sites dating back centuries BCE and view unique rock inscriptions, as well as adventure experiences ranging from dinner and stargazing in Sharaan, hot-air balloon rides, mountain hiking trails, and safari tours.

These programs come as part of efforts to enhance AlUla’s tourism experience during the holy month of Ramadan and provide diverse options that meet visitor expectations, contributing to the growth of tourism activity and showcasing the governorate’s natural and cultural assets.


NCW Releases over 10,000 Animals under Reintroduction Programs

The releases carried out by the center over the past years included more than 80 priority wildlife species - SPA
The releases carried out by the center over the past years included more than 80 priority wildlife species - SPA
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NCW Releases over 10,000 Animals under Reintroduction Programs

The releases carried out by the center over the past years included more than 80 priority wildlife species - SPA
The releases carried out by the center over the past years included more than 80 priority wildlife species - SPA

The National Center for Wildlife (NCW) announced that the total number of wildlife animals released under its breeding and reintroduction programs for locally threatened species has exceeded 10,000 animals, an achievement reflecting the scale of the center’s sustained efforts to develop wildlife, restore ecosystems, and enhance biodiversity across various regions of the Kingdom.

The releases carried out by the center over the past years included more than 80 priority wildlife species, including reem gazelles (sand gazelles), Arabian oryx, Idmi gazelles, mountain ibex, houbara bustards, ostriches, and sandgrouse, as part of efforts aimed at supporting the recovery of natural populations of these species and enhancing their sustainability within their environmental and historical ranges, SPA reported.

CEO of NCW Dr. Mohammad Qurban noted that release operations are among the key tools for restoring ecosystems and reducing ecological imbalance, as the return of wildlife to their natural habitats contributes to protecting biodiversity and improving environmental quality, which in turn supports habitat integrity, the continuity of plant and animal components, and the enhancement of ecosystem functions over the long term.

NCW continues to implement its strategic plans to develop wildlife, protect endangered species, and enhance the efficiency of natural habitat management through expanding breeding programs, enhancing applied scientific research, building national capacities, and applying the best international practices in biodiversity management, in addition to raising environmental awareness, engaging local communities, and supporting eco-tourism, thereby contributing to achieving the objectives of the Saudi Green Initiative and Saudi Vision 2030, and the National Environment Strategy, toward thriving and sustainable wildlife, biodiversity, and ecosystems.