Saudi Ministers: Saudi Arabia Advances Efforts Toward Environmental, Economic Sustainability

Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi Minister of Energy (SPA)
Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi Minister of Energy (SPA)
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Saudi Ministers: Saudi Arabia Advances Efforts Toward Environmental, Economic Sustainability

Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi Minister of Energy (SPA)
Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi Minister of Energy (SPA)

Saudi ministers highlighted the Kingdom’s substantial progress in transitioning to renewable energy, addressing critical global environmental challenges such as desertification and land degradation. Speaking at the opening day of the fourth Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) Forum, they emphasized the vital role of the private sector in driving environmental investments.

Held in Riyadh on December 3-4 under the theme ‘By Nature We Lead’, the forum unveiled five new initiatives valued at SAR 225 million ($60 million), underlining Saudi Arabia’s leadership in climate and environmental action. With total investments under SGI reaching SAR 705 billion ($188 billion), the 86 ongoing initiatives are advancing the goals of the Rio Conventions on biodiversity, climate change, and desertification.

In his remarks, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Minister of Energy, called the replacement of one million barrels of oil with gas and renewable energy a significant milestone. He noted the Kingdom’s rapid progress in energy transition, which also generates financial benefits.

Highlighting Vision 2030 achievements, he affirmed ongoing efforts to support the circular economy. He also praised the pivotal role of Saudi youth and women in advancing environmental and climate initiatives, describing women’s empowerment as a source of pride.

For his part, Minister of Investment Khalid Al-Falih emphasized the government’s proactive approach to reducing risks associated with the green transition. He highlighted a growing global trend in funding sustainable energy and circular economy projects.

Stressing the need for billions in investment to achieve sustainable financing, he predicted that Saudi investments would grow more than sevenfold by 2030. He also pointed to increasing global demand for green energy and manufacturing, positioning Saudi Arabia as an ideal hub for exploring these opportunities.

In turn, Bandar Al-Khorayef, Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources outlined the Kingdom’s strategy to integrate national and global priorities through Vision 2030, ensuring a balanced approach that benefits both the public and private sectors. He noted that the private sector cannot bear financial burdens alone and that the government must provide essential infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and an environment conducive to innovation and new ideas.

Faisal Al-Ibrahim, Minister of Economy and Planning, reaffirmed Saudi Arabia’s ambition to lead in innovation and sustainable solutions for addressing environmental challenges. He told the attendees that climate issues transcend borders, requiring diverse and effective solutions. He also highlighted the Kingdom’s substantial investments in green solutions, calling them essential for sustainable development and environmental preservation.

For his part, Amin Nasser, CEO of Aramco, detailed the company’s contributions to Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy expansion. He projected that the Kingdom’s renewable energy capacity would reach 130 gigawatts by 2030.

Nasser also highlighted Aramco’s initiatives to replace the annual burning of one billion barrels of liquid fuels with natural gas and renewables. By 2030, 60% of Saudi Arabia’s energy capacity is expected to come from gas, with the remaining 40% from renewables.

Nasser emphasized the need for affordable, secure, and sustainable energy solutions. He also praised advancements achieved at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP29), including updates to Article 6 mechanisms and increased financing for developing nations. He pointed that a key outcome was raising funding commitments from $100 billion, established in Copenhagen in 2009, to $300 billion, marking a significant step toward global climate action.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.