Saudi Business Sector Achieves Trillions in Revenue Thanks to Government Incentives

King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh (SPA)
King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh (SPA)
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Saudi Business Sector Achieves Trillions in Revenue Thanks to Government Incentives

King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh (SPA)
King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh (SPA)

Government incentives have played a pivotal role in enabling Saudi Arabia’s business sector to achieve operational revenues of SAR 5.3 trillion ($1.4 trillion), with operational expenditures reaching SAR 2.2 trillion ($586 billion).

According to the 2023 Comprehensive Economic Survey conducted by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), employee compensation totaled SAR 544.7 billion ($145 billion), while total fixed capital formation amounted to SAR 867.8 billion ($231 billion).

Legal and commercial expert Dr. Osama Al-Obaidi explained to Asharq Al-Awsat that the increase in operational revenues is largely due to government initiatives aimed at enhancing the private sector’s contribution to the national economy and GDP in line with Vision 2030. These efforts have driven innovation, localized technology, and established Saudi Arabia as a global investment destination while creating high-quality jobs that contribute significantly to wages and benefits.

Al-Obaidi emphasized that economic diversification under Vision 2030 has resulted in positive outcomes through incentives for investments in industry, mining, and strong construction activity. These efforts span residential, commercial, and investment projects while targeting key sectors like telecommunications, technology, artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, transportation, and logistics, as part of the Kingdom’s strategy to become a global logistics hub.

Additionally, Saudi Arabia’s focus on localizing technology, promoting innovation, and fostering tourism and entertainment has driven the growth of national industries and the service sector while boosting employment rates, Al-Obaidi noted.

The government’s commitment to creating a competitive environment, increasing non-oil sector contributions, and providing incentives has strengthened the Kingdom’s ability to attract foreign investments and create new job opportunities. This, in turn, has enhanced operational revenues and improved efficiency, productivity, and quality across industries and services.

Gross Domestic Product Impact

Economist Ahmed Al-Jubeir told Asharq Al-Awsat that the government is offering comprehensive incentives to private sector players, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs), to capitalize on available initiatives and programs. These efforts are designed to promote business growth and help companies achieve their goals, ultimately benefiting Saudi GDP and the broader economy.

The initiatives and programs cover various private sector activities, providing low-interest loans and opportunities to participate in strategic and large-scale projects in health, tourism, real estate, and more. Specialized programs for construction and equipment sectors are also part of these efforts, Al-Jubeir added.

The latest data from the General Authority for Statistics confirms the government’s ongoing support for the private sector, which recorded operational revenues of approximately SAR 5.3 trillion last year.

Moreover, data indicates that the manufacturing sector contributed 30% of total operational revenues, followed by mining and quarrying at 21.8%, and wholesale and retail trade at 16%. Together, these sectors accounted for 67.8% of total revenues. Other sectors, including construction, finance and insurance, information and communications, and transportation and storage, contributed smaller shares.

Operational Expenditures

The report also revealed that manufacturing represented 41.5% of total operational expenditures, followed by wholesale and retail trade at 22.3% and construction at 7.6%. Collectively, these sectors accounted for 71.4% of operational expenditures, with other sectors like information and communications, mining and quarrying, and finance and insurance contributing the remaining shares.

Fixed Capital Formation

Total acquisitions of fixed assets reached SAR 1.5 trillion ($399.5 billion), while sales of these assets amounted to SAR 646.2 billion ($172 billion). Wholesale and retail trade had the highest contribution to total fixed capital formation at 22.6%, followed by manufacturing at 22.4%, mining and quarrying at 14.9%, and construction at 12.2%.

Other sectors, including information and communications, transportation and storage, and finance and insurance, contributed smaller shares.

According to GASTAT, total salaries and wages amounted to SAR 461.1 billion ($122.8 billion), representing 84.6% of total employee compensation. Meanwhile, benefits and allowances totaled SAR 83.6 billion ($22 billion), making up 15.4% of total compensation.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.