Damascus Aims to Resolve its Foreign Disputes by End of 2025

US President Donald Trump and Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa exchanged a handshake during a meeting in Riyadh on May 14, in a rare and symbolic gesture amid shifting regional dynamics. (AP)
US President Donald Trump and Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa exchanged a handshake during a meeting in Riyadh on May 14, in a rare and symbolic gesture amid shifting regional dynamics. (AP)
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Damascus Aims to Resolve its Foreign Disputes by End of 2025

US President Donald Trump and Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa exchanged a handshake during a meeting in Riyadh on May 14, in a rare and symbolic gesture amid shifting regional dynamics. (AP)
US President Donald Trump and Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa exchanged a handshake during a meeting in Riyadh on May 14, in a rare and symbolic gesture amid shifting regional dynamics. (AP)

Syria said it aims to resolve all outstanding foreign policy disputes by the end of the year, in a move that follows Washington’s decision to fully lift sanctions on Damascus.

Qutaiba Idlbi, Director of US Affairs at Syria’s Foreign Ministry, told state television on Tuesday that Syria is “working to zero out its external problems by the end of this year and open a new chapter with the international community.”

His comments come amid reports of a potential Syrian-Israeli agreement before year-end.

The statement follows US President Donald Trump’s move to lift all sanctions on Syria, an unprecedented decision welcomed by Damascus as a turning point.

Idlbi said the move was a response to “the efforts led by the Syrian government,” calling it “the start of a path whose results Syrians will feel in their daily lives soon.”

Syrian Finance Minister Mohammad Yassar Barniyeh described the US decision as “a major and important step” that will positively impact the country’s economy. He said the government was determined to “seize every opportunity, strengthen financial management and promote transparency.”

Syria’s Central Bank Governor, Abdelkader Hasriyeh, also praised the US move, calling it a “historic development and a decisive step” toward Syria’s economic recovery.

“The United States saw in Syria’s fundamental transformation a rare and timely opportunity to reorder the region,” said Abdul Hamid Tawfiq, a political analyst, speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat.

He said Syria’s exit from the anti-American axis it had been part of for over five decades marked the beginning of a realignment under US influence.

According to Tawfiq, Washington had long managed the Syrian crisis, before and during the uprising, through calculated diplomacy, with a strategic view of Syria’s importance.

“The US has handled the Syrian file with considerable finesse and a keen reading of shifting interests. Syria became a key test case for reshaping the entire Middle East,” he said.

He added that reintegrating Syria, given its geopolitical and strategic weight, into the US sphere of influence would require ending hostilities between Syria and Israel, as well as between Israel and certain Arab capitals.

Tawfiq said the lifting of sanctions followed “clear and serious understandings” between Damascus and Washington, including commitments from Syria to distance itself from Iran, reduce Russian influence, expel Palestinian factions from the capital, and align with US-led efforts against terrorist groups such as ISIS.

Washington’s enthusiasm over Syria’s policy shift reflects a broader US strategic agenda in the region, one that ultimately serves Israeli interests, according to Tawfiq.

He told Asharq Al-Awsat that the full lifting of US sanctions could be “a starting point for a negotiation process aimed at achieving long-awaited peace between Syria and Israel,” given Syria’s pivotal role in the region’s stability.

“If Syria takes a step toward Israel, whether through formal negotiations, new security arrangements that safeguard mutual interests, freezing the frontlines, or establishing a level of security coordination, it will have a stabilizing effect on Syria and the wider region,” he said.

The key question, Tawfiq noted, is whether any upcoming negotiations would be based on international resolutions that affirm the Golan Heights as Syrian territory occupied by Israel, particularly UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, or whether a new, US-brokered formula will emerge.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio had earlier said Washington is taking additional steps to support a stable, unified Syria that can live in peace with itself and its neighbors, adding that sanctions “will not stand in the way of Syria’s future.”

Damascus has also announced it is moving away from the foreign policy legacy of the previous regime, which it says turned Syria into “the region’s biggest blackmailing power” in pursuit of narrow interests, according to Idlbi.

In remarks carried by state media, Idlbi said Syria is taking steps to dismantle the remnants of that approach and reaffirm its commitment to more constructive international engagement. He pointed to Syria’s cooperation on the chemical weapons file, which he said “brought nothing but destruction and death to the Syrian people.”

Idlbi added that the coming months would see significant breakthroughs on the sanctions front, signaling growing confidence in Damascus that international restrictions will continue to ease.



Hezbollah 'Addresses Its Supporters'...Reveals Using Surface-to-Air Missiles

An Israeli helicopter flying in Israeli airspace near the border with Lebanon (EPA)
An Israeli helicopter flying in Israeli airspace near the border with Lebanon (EPA)
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Hezbollah 'Addresses Its Supporters'...Reveals Using Surface-to-Air Missiles

An Israeli helicopter flying in Israeli airspace near the border with Lebanon (EPA)
An Israeli helicopter flying in Israeli airspace near the border with Lebanon (EPA)

Hezbollah has, in recent days, activated the use of surface-to-air missiles to target Israeli drones, in addition to firing them at helicopters and fighter jets, according to statements it issued. It reported the downing of several drones in southern Lebanon and damage to a helicopter, while experts say these announcements are “directed inward to suggest that Israel does not have air superiority over Lebanon’s skies, a claim that is illusory.”

While the group had used this type of missile in the previous war in 2024, it has recently intensified their use, with five such operations recorded last Wednesday, raising questions about the types of missiles it possesses and their ability to alter the course of the battle, given Israel’s air superiority, which remains a decisive factor in favor of Tel Aviv.

Notably, last week the group announced that it had engaged an Israeli warplane over Beirut using a surface-to-air missile, in the first operation of its kind over the capital. This raised concerns about civil aviation, as the launch took place from the vicinity of Beirut International Airport.

Hezbollah has focused on using surface-to-air missiles in the southern border area, specifically in attempts to target and down Israeli helicopters during the evacuation of dead or wounded Israeli soldiers.

A Hezbollah fighter carrying an air defense missile during a previous military exercise (file photo – Asharq Al-Awsat)

What Missiles Is the Group Using?

Regarding the type of missiles used, Dr. Riad Kahwaji, a researcher and writer on security and defense affairs, said: “These missiles are shoulder-fired and are of the Misagh type, a modified and upgraded model similar to the Russian SAM-7. Hezbollah used them in the previous war and downed a number of drones with them.”

He added that the group announces such operations to claim that Israel does not have air superiority and that it possesses air defenses capable of confronting aircraft, in order to create an illusion for its audience.

“In reality, the maximum capability of these missiles is limited to targeting some drones, nothing more, given that Israeli fighter jets have overcome the advanced Russian S-300 air defense system, which is a highly advanced system.”

Kahwaji told Asharq Al-Awsat that “the air defenses possessed by the group do not pose any threat whatsoever, near or far, to Israeli aircraft, which enjoy complete air superiority over the skies of Lebanon and Iran.”

Types of Surface-to-Air Missiles

Misagh-2 missiles are relatively modern and effective against low-altitude targets. They track the heat signature of an aircraft or helicopter engine and are fired from the shoulder by a single soldier, with a range of between 5 and 6 kilometers. By contrast, the Russian S-300 is an integrated air defense system and one of the most well-known and most powerful long-range systems in the world, with a range of between 75 and 200 kilometers. Iran possesses the Russian S-300 system as well as the long-range Bavar-373 system, but it has not succeeded in downing any fighter jet during the ongoing US-Israeli war.

Hezbollah Operations

Hezbollah announced last week that it had launched a surface-to-air missile toward an Israeli warplane over Beirut. It also said it targeted an Israeli helicopter on Tuesday over the town of Yaroun with two surface-to-air missiles, stating that its fighters “achieved a confirmed hit.”

The group also said on Wednesday that it had downed an Israeli military drone of the Hermes 450 (Zik) type over the town of Aita al-Shaab using a surface-to-air missile. It added that its fighters also engaged an Israeli warplane on Wednesday over the town of Jouaiya using a surface-to-air missile.


Syrian Troops Uncover Tunnel Network on Lebanon Border

Syrian soldiers inspect a tunnel on the Lebanon border in the Qusayr area © Bakr ALkasem / AFP
Syrian soldiers inspect a tunnel on the Lebanon border in the Qusayr area © Bakr ALkasem / AFP
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Syrian Troops Uncover Tunnel Network on Lebanon Border

Syrian soldiers inspect a tunnel on the Lebanon border in the Qusayr area © Bakr ALkasem / AFP
Syrian soldiers inspect a tunnel on the Lebanon border in the Qusayr area © Bakr ALkasem / AFP

In rugged terrain along the Syrian-Lebanese border, yellow bulldozers raised earthen berms in front of armoured vehicles while soldiers combed through tunnels they said were used by Hezbollah, as Syria reinforces its side of the border.

Syria is seeking to stay out of the regional war, whose flames have reached neighboring Lebanon, where Hezbollah is fighting a fierce conflict with Israel.

In rural Qusayr, Syrian soldiers showed an AFP photographer -- granted permission by the defense ministry to film the deployment for the first time since reinforcements were brought in a month ago -- several cross-border tunnels that the army has discovered in recent weeks.

Mohammad Hammoud, the official in charge of Syrian border posts facing Lebanon, told AFP the army discovered by "combing the border areas... a network of tunnels connecting the two countries that were used to smuggle weapons and drugs".

An AFP photographer saw at least five such tunnels, including one whose entrance was dug in the basement of a house, with concrete steps descending into narrow, dark passageways.

Other tunnels in the mountainous area were equipped with electrical wiring and ventilation systems.

In another house leading to a tunnel entrance, a picture of the late Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah hung on the wall, alongside another of the late Iranian general Qasem Soleimani.

A Syrian army field commander said Hezbollah used the tunnels.

The rural Qusayr area serves as a crossroads linking Syria's western Homs province to the Lebanese Bekaa Valley.

- Coordinating with Beirut -

It became a bastion of Hezbollah influence after the Lebanese group's intervention in support of former ruler Bashar al-Assad in 2013 during Syria's civil war.

Since Assad's ouster in December 2024 by an alliance of factions led by new President Ahmed al-Sharaa, Hezbollah's supply lines from Syria have been cut off and the new authorities in Damascus say they are coordinating with Beirut to combat smuggling and to control crossings.

On March 28, Syrian authorities announced the discovery of a tunnel near a village in Homs province linking Syrian territory to Lebanon, saying that "Lebanese militias" used it for smuggling.

Israel has announced multiple times that it attacked border crossings, saying the aim was to prevent military supplies from reaching Hezbollah.

An AFP correspondent saw sites damaged by Israeli strikes, including destroyed buildings near one tunnel.

Nearby, Syrian soldiers were on foot patrol and one fighter stood watching a Lebanese army position from a distance.

On March 4, the Syrian authorities announced a reinforcement of the army on the border with Lebanon, deploying "armoured vehicles, soldiers, rocket launchers, and reconnaissance battalions to monitor border activities and combat smuggling".

The goal, it said, was "securing and controlling the border amid the escalation of the ongoing regional war".

According to a diplomatic source, "the Damascus government has been pressured to intervene in Lebanon to end (Hezbollah's) threat in the region, but it refused".

- No military action -

Syria dominated Lebanon for decades following a military intervention in the latter's 1975-1990 civil war, withdrawing only in 2005, making any new military involvement a fraught proposition.

But a Syrian military source told AFP on Wednesday that "the Syrian army has no intention of any military action, and its mission is currently limited to border control only".

Although Syria has not yet been dragged into the regional conflict, on March 10 Damascus accused Hezbollah of shelling Syrian army positions near Serghaya, west of Damascus.

On the same day, Sharaa and Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, in a telephone call, stressed the need to "control the border" and prevent "any security breakdown".

Sharaa reiterated on Tuesday that his country wanted to remain out of the conflict, in a discussion with the Chatham House think tank during a visit to Britain.

"So long as Syria is not directly targeted by any party, it will remain outside this conflict," he said.

"Fourteen years of war in Syria are enough. We have paid a very heavy price, and we are not ready to go through a new experience."


Sudan Appoints Yassir al-Atta Armed Forces Chief of Staff

A man walks while smoke rises above buildings after aerial bombardment, during clashes between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and the army in Khartoum North, Sudan, May 1, 2023. REUTERS/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah/File Photo
A man walks while smoke rises above buildings after aerial bombardment, during clashes between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and the army in Khartoum North, Sudan, May 1, 2023. REUTERS/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah/File Photo
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Sudan Appoints Yassir al-Atta Armed Forces Chief of Staff

A man walks while smoke rises above buildings after aerial bombardment, during clashes between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and the army in Khartoum North, Sudan, May 1, 2023. REUTERS/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah/File Photo
A man walks while smoke rises above buildings after aerial bombardment, during clashes between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and the army in Khartoum North, Sudan, May 1, 2023. REUTERS/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah/File Photo

Sudan has appointed General Yassir al-Atta, a member of the country's Sovereign Council and assistant to the commander-in-chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, chief of staff of the country's Armed Forces, a military spokesman told Reuters on Thursday.

The move is the most significant personnel shift since the Sudanese army's war with the Rapid Support Forces three years ago, and could lead to shifts in strategy as a new front opens in the war in the southeastern Blue Nile state.

Al-Atta takes over the role of chief of staff from career soldier Othman al-Hussein, giving him less of a political role but tighter control of the armed forces.